The relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and problematic drug use (PDU)

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 55-75

  Roy, Alastair ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38749122832     PISSN: 09687637     EISSN: 14653370     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09687630701489481     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Anderson, L., Vostanis, P., & Spencer, N. (2004). Health needs of young offenders. Journal of Child Healthcare, 8, 149-164.
3. August, G. J., Stewart, M. A., & Holmes, C. S. (1983). A four year follow-up of hyperactive boys with and without conduct disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 192-198.
4. Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (2000). Treating AD/HD with hypnosis and neurotherapy. Child Study Journal, 30, 25-44.
5. Barkley, R. A. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Scientific American, 3, 66-71.
6. Barkley, R. A., Cook, E. H., Diamond, A., Zametkin, A., Thompson, A., Teeter, A., et al. (2002). International consensus statement on ADHD. Clinical and Family Psychology Review, 5, 89-111.
7. Barkley, R. A., & 20 Co-endorsers. (2004a). Critique or misrepresentation? A reply to Timimi et al. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, 65-69.
8. Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Edlebrock, C. S., & Smallish, L. (1990). The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria I: An 8 year prospective follow-up study. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 546-557.
9. Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2004b). Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: Antisocial activities and drug use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45, 195-211.
10. Baumgaertal, A., Wolraich, M. L., & Dietrich, M. (1995). Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention deficit disorders in a German elementary school sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 629-638.
11. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Keenan, K., Benjamin, J., Krifcher, B., Moore, C., et al. (1992). Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives in psychiatrically and paediatrically referred samples. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 728-738.
12. Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2006). Illicit drug use and dependence in a New Zealand birth cohort. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 156-163.
13. Boyle, M. H., & Offord, D. R. (1991). Psychiatric disorders and substance use in adolescence. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 761-767.
14. Boyle, M. H., Offord, D. R., Racone, Y. A., Szatmari, P., Fleming, J. E., & Links, P. S. (1992). Predicting substance use in late adolescence: Results from the Ontario child health study follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 761-767.
15. Brook, J. S., Cohen, P., Whiteman, M., & Gordon, A. S. (1992). Psychosocial risk factors in the transition from moderate to heavy use or abuse of drugs. In M. D. Glantz & R. W. Pickens (Eds.), Vulnerability to drug abuse (pp. 359-388). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
16. Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Finch, S. J., & Cohen, P. (1996). Young adult drug use and delinquency: Childhood antecedents and adolescent and adolescent mediators. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1584-1592.
17. Brown, M. B. (2002). Diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Counselling and Development, 78, 195-203.
18. Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Lahey, B. B. (2001). Which aspects of ADHD are associated with tobacco use in early adolescence? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 493-502.
19. Capaldi, D. M., & Stoolmiller, M. (1999). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys. III: Prediction of young adult adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 59-84.
20. Carroll, K. M., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1993). History and significance of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34, 75-82.
21. Chilcoat, H. D., & Breslau, N. (1999). Pathways from ADHD to early drug use. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1347-1354.
22. Claude, D., & Firestone, P. (1995). The development of ADHD boys: A 12 year follow up. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 27, 226-249.
23. Cole, M. (1998). Culture and development. In M. Woodhead, D. Faulkener & K. Littleton (Eds.), Cultural worlds of early childhood. London: Routledge.
24. Conrad, P. (1975). The discovery of hyperkinesis. Social Problems, 23, 2-23.
25. Copur, M., Turkcan, A., & Erdogmus, M. (2005). Substance abuse, conduct disorder and crime: Assessment in a juvenile detention house in Istanbul, Turkey. Psychiatric and Clinical Neurosciences, 59, 151-154.
26. Disney, E. R., Elkins, I. J., McGue, M., & Jacona, W. G. (1999). Effects of ADHD, conduct disorder and gender on substance use and abuse in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1515-1521.
27. Dobkin, P. L., Tremblay, R. E., Masse, L. C., & Vitaro, F. (1995). Individual and peer characteristics in predicting boys' early onset substance abuse: A seven-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 66, 1198-1214.
28. Doggett, A. M. (2004). ADHD and drug therapy: Is it still a valid treatment? Journal of Child Healthcare, 8, 69-81.
29. Fergusson, D. M., Lynskey, M. T., & Horwood, L. J. (1993). Conduct problems and attention deficit behaviour in middle childhood and cannabis use by age 15. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 673-682.
30. Flory, K., & Lynam, D. R. (2003). The relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: What role does conduct disorder play? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 1-16.
31. Frontline. (2003). Statistics on stimulant use. (Available at: www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/drugs/stats.html - accessed 26 February 2007).
32. Gillberg, C., Rassmussen, P., Kadesjo, B., Soderstrom, H., Rastam, M., Johnson, M., et al. (2004). Co-existing disorders in ADHD - Implications for diagnosis and intervention. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, I/80-I/92.
33. Gittelman, R., Mannuzza, S., Shenker, R., & Bonagura, N. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 937-947.
34. Grantham, M. K. (1999). Etiology of attention disorders: A neurological/genetic perspective. (ERIC document reproduction service no. ED436912).
35. Greenbaum, P. E., Prange, M. E., Friedman, R. M., & Silver, S. E. (1991). Substance use prevalence and comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders among adolescence with severe emotional disturbances. Journal of American Academy of Child and adolescent psychiatry, 30, 575-583.
36. Grilo, C. M., Becker, D. F., Fehon, D. C., Edell, W. S., & McGlashan, T. H. (1996). Conduct disorder, substance use disorders and coexisting conduct and substance use disorders in adolescent inpatients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 914-920.
37. Hartsough, C. S., & Lambert, N. M. (1987). Pattern and progression of drug use among hyperactives and controls: A prospective short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Child psychology and Psychiatry, 28, 543-553.
38. Hinshaw, S. P. (1987). On the distinction between attention deficits hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 443-463.
39. Horner, B. R., & Scheibe, K. E. (1997). Prevalence and implications of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 30-36.
40. James, A., & Prout, A. (1990). Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. London: Routledge.
41. Joseph, J. (2000a). Not in their genes: A critical review of the genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Review, 20, 539-567.
42. Joseph, J. (2000b). Problems in psychiatric genetic research: A reply to Faraone and Biederman. Developmental Review, 20, 582-593.
43. Kaplow, J. B., Curran, P. J., Dodge, K. A., & The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2002). Child, parent and peer predictors of early onset substance use: A multi-site longitudinal study. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 30, 199-216.
44. Kessler, R. C., Foster, C. I., Saunder, W. B., & Strang, P. E. (1995). Social consequences of psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1026-1032.
45. Kollins, S. H., Barkley, R. A., & Du Paul, G. J. (2001). Use and management of medications for children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Focus on Exceptional Children, 33, 1-24.
46. Lloyd, G., & Norris, C. (1999). Including ADHD? Disability and Society, 14, 505-517.
47. Loeber, R., Southamer-Loeber, M., & White, H. R. (1999). Developmental aspects of delinquency and internalizing problems and their association with persistent juvenile substance use between ages 7 and 18. Journal of clinical child psychology, 28, 322-332.
48. Lynskey, M. T., & Ferguson, D. H. (1995). Childhood conduct problems, attention deficit behaviours and adolescent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 281-302.
49. Lynskey, M. T., & Hall, W. (2001). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: Is there a causal link? Addiction, 96, 815-822.
50. Mann, E. M., Ikeda, Y., Mueller, C. W., Takahashi, A., Tao, K. T., Humris, E., et al. (1992). Cross-cultural differences in rating hyperactive-disruptive behaviours in children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1539-1542.
51. Molina, B. S., Bukstein, O. G., & Lynch, K. G. (2002). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder symptomology in adolescents with alcohol use disorder. Psychology of addictive behaviour, 16, 161-164.
52. Molina, B. S., Pelham, W. E., & William, E. (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance misuse in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 497-507.
53. Molina, B. S., Smith, B. H., & Pelham, W. E. (1999). Interactive effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder on early adolescent substance abuse. Psychology of addictive behaviours, 13, 348-358.
54. Murphy, K. R., Barkley, R. A., & Bush, T. (2002). Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Subtype differences in comorbidity, educational and clinical history. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 147-157.
55. Parker, H., Aldridge, J., & Measham, F. (1998). Illegal leisure: The normalisation of adolescent recreational drug use. London: Routledge.
56. Prior, P. (1997). ADHD/hyperkenetic disorder-How should educational psychologists and other practitioners respond to the emerging phenomenon of school children diagnosed with ADHD? Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 2, 15-27.
57. Prout, A. (2005). The future of childhood. London: Routledge Falmer.
58. Pulkinnen, L. (1983). Youthful smoking and drinking in a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 12, 253-283.
59. Reebye, P., Morette, M., & Leesard, J. C. (1995). Conduct disorder and substance use disorder: Comorbidity in clinical sample of preadolescents and adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 313-319.
60. Richters, J. E., & Cicchetti, D. (1993). Mark Twain meets DSM-III-R: Conduct disorder, development, and the concept of harmful dysfunction. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 5-29.
61. Riggs, P. D., & Whitmore, E. A. (1999). Substance use disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders. Disruptive behaviour disorders in children and adolescents. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
62. Robins, I. N., & Price, R. K. (1991). Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: Results from the NIMH epidemiological catchment area project. Psychiatry, 54, 116-134.
63. Rounsaville, B. J., & Kleber, H. D. (1982). History of childhood hyperactivity in a clinic population of opiate addicts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, 522-529.
64. Schubiner, H., Tzelepis, A. T., Milberger, S., Lockhart, N., Kruger, M., Kelley, B. J., et al. (2000). Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61, 244-251.
65. Smith, G. M., & Fogg, C. P. (1979). Psychological antecedents of teenage drug use. Research in Community Mental Health, 1, 87-102.
66. Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Minocha, K., Taylor, E. A., & Sandberg, S. (1993). Inter-ethnic bias in teachers' ratings of childhood hyperactivity. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11, 187-200.
67. Thompson, L. T., Riggs, P. D., Mikulich, S. K., & Crowley, T. J. (1996). Contributions of ADHD symptoms to substance problems and delinquency in conduct-disordered adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 325-334.
68. Timimi, S. (2002). Pathological child psychiatry and the medicalizations of childhood. Hove, UK: Brunner Routledge.
69. Timimi, S., & 33 Co-endorsers. (2004). A critique of the international consensus statement on ADHD. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, 59-63.
70. Wamboldt, M. Z., & Wamboldt, F. S. (2000). Role of the family in the onset and outcome of childhood disorders: Selected research findings. Journal of the American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1212-1219.
71. West, D. J., & Farrington, D. P. (1977). The delinquent way of life. London: Heinemann.
72. Whitmore, E. A., Mikulich, S. K., Ehlers, K. M., & Crowley, T. J. (2000). One year outcome of adolescent females referred for conduct disorder and substance abuse/dependence. Drugs and Alcohol Dependence, 59, 131-141.
73. Whitmore, E. A., Mikulich, S. K., Thompson, L. L., Riggs, P. D., Aarons, G. A., & Crowley, T. J. (1997). Influences on adolescent substance dependence: Conduct disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gender. Drug and Alcohol dependence, 47, 87-97.
74. Windle, M. (1990). A longitudinal study of antisocial behaviours in early adolescence as predictors of late adolescent substance use: Gender and ethnic group differences. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 86-91.
75. Wright, C. (1992). Truth and objectivity. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
76. Ziedonis, D. M., Rayford, B. S., Bryant, K. J., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1994). Psychiatric comorbidity in white and African-American cocaine addicts seeking substance abuse treatment. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45, 43-49.