Growth of Low Birth Weight Preterm Children

Seminars in Perinatology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 20-27

  Casey, Patrick H ^a  

^a ARKANSAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

failure to thrive; growth; obesity; premature infants

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE;

CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GROWTH; CHILD NUTRITION; DIABETES MELLITUS; FAILURE TO THRIVE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; NEONATOLOGY; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; OBESITY; PERINATOLOGY; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHORT STATURE;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; INFANT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE; INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; REFERENCE VALUES; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 38649102861     PISSN: 01460005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.12.004     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Horbar J.D., Badger G.J., Carpenter J.H., et al. Trends in mortality and morbidity for very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 110 (2002) 143-151
2. Vohr B., Wright L.L., Hack M., et al. Follow-up care of high risk infants. Pediatrics 114 (2004) 1377-1397
3. Hay W.W., Lucas A., Heird W.C., et al. Workshop summary: nutrition of the extremely low birth weight infant. Pediatrics 104 (1999) 1360-1368
4. Embleton N.E., Dang N., and Cooke R.J. Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation: an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterm infants?. Pediatrics 107 (2001) 270-273
5. Bloom B.T., Mulligan J., Arnold C., et al. Improving growth of very low birth weight infants in the first 28 days. Pediatrics 112 (2003) 8-14
6. Ogden C.L., Kuczmarski R.J., Flegal K.M., et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Vital Statistics Version. Pediatrics 109 (2002) 45-60
7. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Enrollment and baseline characteristics in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. Acta Paediatr 450 suppl (2006) 7-15
8. Dibley M.J., Goldsby J.B., Staehling N.W., et al. Development of normalized curves for the international growth reference: historical and technical considerations. Am J Clin Nutr 46 (1989) 736-748
9. Ehrenkranz R.A., Younes N., Lemons J.A., et al. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth infants. Pediatrics 104 (1999) 280-289
10. Sherry B., Mei Z., Grummer-Strawn L., et al. Evaluation and recommendations for growth references for very low birth weight (≤1500 grams) infants in the United States. Pediatrics 111 (2003) 750-758
11. Casey P.H., Kraemer H.E., Bernbaum J., et al. Growth status and growth rates of a varied sample of low birth weight, preterm infants: a longitudinal cohort from birth to three years of age. J Pediatr 119 (1991) 599-605
12. Guo S.S., Wholihan K., Roche A.F., et al. Weight-for-length reference data for preterm, low birth weight infants. Arch Pediar Adolesc Med 150 (1996) 964-970
13. Wang Z., and Sauve R.S. Assessment of post neonatal growth in VLBW infants: selection of growth references and age adjustment for prematurity. Can J Public Health 89 (1998) 109-114
14. Bierre I. Physical growth of 5-year-old children with a low birth weight. Acta Paediatr Scand 64 (1975) 33-43
15. Elliman A., Bryan E., Elliman E., et al. The growth of low-birth-weight children. Acta Paediatr Scand 81 (1992) 311-314
16. Elgen I., Johansson K.A., Markestad T., et al. A non-handicapped cohort of low-birthweight children: growth and general health status at 11 years of age. Acta Paediatr 94 (2005) 1203-1207
17. Pietz J., Peter J., Graf R., et al. Physical growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of non handicapped low-risk children born preterm. Early Human Dev 79 (2004) 131-143
18. Kimble K.J., Ariagno R.L., Stevenson D.K., et al. Growth to age 3 years among low-birth weight sequelae-free survivors of modern neonatal intensive care. J Pediatr 100 (1982) 622-624
19. Kitchen W.H., Ford G.W., and Doyle L.W. Growth and very low birth weight. Arch Dis Child 64 (1989) 379-382
20. Kitchen W.H., Doyle L.W., Ford G.W., et al. Very low birth weight and growth to age 8 years: I weight and height. Am J Dis Child 146 (1992) 40-45
21. Ford G.W., Doyle L.W., Davis N.M., et al. Very low birth weight and growth into adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154 (2000) 778-784
22. Ericson A., and Kallen B. Very low birth weight boys at the age of 19. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 78 (1998) F171-F174
23. Hack M., Schluchter M., Carter L., et al. Growth of very low birth weight infants to age 20 years. Pediatrics 112 (2003) e30-e38
24. Niklasson A., Engstrom E., Hard A.L., et al. Growth in very preterm children: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Res 54 (2003) 899-905
25. Farooqi A., Hagglof B., Sedin G., et al. Growth in 10-12 year old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study. Pediatrics 118 (2006) e1452-e1465
26. Saigal S., Stoskopf B.L., Streiner D.L., et al. Physical growth and current health status of infants who were extremely low birth weight and controls at adolescence. Pediatrics 108 (2001) 407-415
27. Daily D.K., Kilbride H.W., Wheeler R., et al. Growth patterns for infants weighing less than 801 grams at birth to 3 years of age. J Perinatol 14 (1994) 454-460
28. Peralta-Carcelen M., Jackson D.S., Goran M.I., et al. Growth of adolescents who were born at extremely low birth weight without major disability. J Pediatr 136 (2000) 633-640
29. Saigal S., Stoskopf B., Streiner D., et al. Growth trajectories of extremely low birth weight infants from birth to young adulthood: a longitudinal population-based study. Pediatr Res 60 (2006) 751-758
30. Saenger P., Czernichow D., Hughes I., et al. Small for gestational age: short stature and beyond. Endocr Rev 28 (2007) 219-251
31. DeCurtis M., and Rigo J. Extrauterine growth restriction in very-low-birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr 93 (2004) 1563-1568
32. Goldenberg R.L., Cutter G.R., Hoffman H.J., et al. Intrauterine growth retardation: standards for diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 (1989) 271-277
33. Hack M., Merkotz I.R., McGrath S., et al. Catch-up growth in very-low birth-weight infants. Am J Dis Child 138 (1984) 370-375
34. Binkin N.J., Yip R., Fleshwood L., et al. Birth weight and childhood growth. Pediatrics 82 (1988) 828-834
35. Brandt I., Sticker E.J., Gausche R., et al. Catch-up growth of supine length/height of very low birth weight, small for gestational age preterm infants to adulthood. J Pediatr 147 (2005) 662-668
36. Hack M., Weissman B., and Bosawski-Clark E. Catch-up growth during childhood among very low-birth-weight children. Arch Pediatr Adoles Med 150 (1996) 1122-1129
37. Carrascora A., Vicens-Calvet E., Yeste D., et al. Children born small for gestational age (SGA) who fail to achieve catch up growth by 2-8 years of age are short from infancy to adulthood. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 4 (2006) 15-27
38. Itabashi K., Mishina J., Tada H., et al. Longitudinal follow-up of height up to five years of age in infants born preterm small for gestational age: comparison to full term small for gestational age. Early Human Dev 83 (2007) 327-333
39. Gortner L., Van Husen M., Thyen V., et al. Outcome in preterm small for gestational age infants compared to appropriate for gestational age preterms at the age of 2 years: a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 110 (2003) S93-S97
40. Sung I.K., Vohr B., and Oh W. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants with intrauterine growth retardation: comparison with control subjects matched by birthweight and gestational age. J Pediatr 123 (1993) 618-624
41. Villar J., Smeriglio V., Martorell R., et al. Heterogeneous growth and mental develop of intrauterine growth-retarded infants during the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics 74 (1984) 783-791
42. Strauss R.S., and Dietz W.H. Effects of intrauterine growth retardation in premature infants on early childhood growth. J Pediatr 130 (1997) 95-102
43. Morley R., Brooke O.G., Cole T.J., et al. Birthweight ratio and outcome in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 65 (1990) 30-34
44. Kramer M.S., Platt R., Yang H., et al. Are all growth-restricted newborns created equally?. Pediatrics 103 (1999) 599-602
45. Robertson C. Catch-up growth among very-low-birth weight preterm infants: a historical prospective. J Pediatr 143 (2003) 145-146
46. Karniski W., Blair C., and Vitucci J.S. The illusion of catch-up growth in premature infants. Am J Dis Child 141 (1987) 520-526
47. Hack M., Breslau N., and Fanaroff A.A. Differential effects of intrauterine and postnatal brain growth failure in infants of very low birth weight. Am J Dis Child 143 (1989) 63-68
48. Trebar B., Traunecker R., Selbmann H.K., et al. Growth during the first two years predicts pre-school height in children born with very low birth weight (VLBW): results of a study of 1320 children in Germany. Pediatr Res 62 (2007) 209-214
49. Brandt I., Sticker E.J., and Lentze M.J. Catch-up growth of head circumference of very low birthweight, small for gestation age preterm infants and mental development to adulthood. J Pediatr 142 (2003) 463-468
50. Victoria C.G., Barros F.C., Horta B.L., et al. Short-term benefits of catch-up growth for small for-gestational-age infants. Int J Epidemiol 30 (2001) 1325-1330
51. Dusick A.M., Poindexter B.B., Ehrenkranz R.A., et al. Growth failure: the preterm infant: can we catch up?. Semin Perinatol 27 (2003) 302-310
52. Kelleher K.J., Casey P.H., Bradley R.H., et al. Risk factors and outcomes for failure to thrive in low birth weight preterm infants. Pediatrics 9 (1993) 941-948
53. Latal-Hajnal B., Von Siebenthal K., Kovari H., et al. Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: significant association with neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr 143 (2003) 163-170
54. Cooke R.W.I., and Foulder-Hughes L. Growth impairment in the very low preterm and cognitive and motor performance at 7 years. Arch Dis Child 88 (2003) 482-487
55. Casey P.H., Whiteside-Mansell L., Barrett K., et al. Impact of prenatal and/or postnatal growth problems in low birth weight preterm infants on school-age outcomes: an 8-year longitudinal evaluation. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 1078-1086
56. Barker D.J.P. Intrauterine programming of coronary heart disease and stroke. Acta Paediatr Suppl 423 (1997) 178-182
57. Barker D.J., Eriksson J.G., Forsen T., et al. Fetal origins of adult disease: strength of effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol 31 (2002) 1235-1239
58. Barker D.J.P., Osmond C., Winters P.D., et al. Weight in infancy and death from ischemic heart disease. Lancet 2 (1989) 577-580
59. Barker D.J.P., Osmond C., Forsen T.J., et al. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 1802-1809
60. Huxley R., Owen C.G., Whincup P.H., et al. Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life?. Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2007) 1244-1250
61. Hovi P., Andersson S., Eriksson J.G., et al. Glucose regulation in young adults with very low birth weight. N Engl J Med 356 (2007) 2053-2063
62. Hofman P.L., Regan F., Jackson W.E., et al. Premature birth and later insulin resistance. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 2179-2186
63. Stettler N., Zemel B.S., Kumanyika S., et al. Infant weight gain and child overweight status in a multicenter cohort study. Pediatrics 109 (2002) 194-199
64. Toschke A.M., Grote V., Koletzko B., et al. Identifying children at high risk for overweight at school entry by weight gain during the first 2 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158 (2004) 449-452
65. Stettler N., Kumanyika K., Katz S.H., et al. Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity in young adulthood in a cohort of African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 1374-1378
66. Stettler N., Stallings V., Troxel A.B., et al. Weight gain in the first week of life and overweight in adulthood. Circulation 111 (2005) 1897-1903
67. Regan F., Cutfield W.S., Jefferies C., et al. The impact of early nutrition in premature infants on later childhood insulin sensitivity and growth. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 1943-1949
68. Law C.M., Shiell A.W., Newsome C.A., et al. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth and adult blood pressure. Circulation 105 (2002) 1088-1092
69. Euser A.M., Finken M.J.J., Keijzer-Veen M.G., et al. Associations between prenatal and infancy weight gain and BMI, fat mass, and fat distribution in young adulthood: a prospective cohort study in males and females born very preterm. Am J Clin Nutr 81 (2005) 480-487
70. Eriksson J.G., Forsen T., Tuomilehto J., et al. Early growth and coronary disease in later life: longitudinal study. Br Med J 322 (2001) 949-953
71. Hales C.N., and Ozanne S.E. The dangerous road of catch-up growth. J Physiol 547 (2003) 5-10
72. Singhal A., and Lucas A. Early origins of cardiovascular disease: is there a unifying hypothesis?. Lancet 363 (2004) 1642-1645
73. Lucas A. Long-term programming effects of early nutrition-implications for the preterm infant. J Perinatol 25 (2005) 52-56
74. Singhal A., Cole T.J., and Lucas A. Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood presume: two cohorts after randomized trials. Lancet 357 (2001) 413-419
75. Singhal A., Fewtrell M., Cole T.J., et al. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet 361 (2003) 1089-1097
76. Singhal A., Cole T.J., Fewtrell M., et al. Breast-milk feeding and the lipoprotein profile in adolescents born preterm. Lancet 363 (2004) 1571-1578
77. McCarthy A., Hughes R., Tilling K., et al. Birth weight; postnatal infant and childhood growth, and obesity in young adulthood: evidence from the Barry Caerphilly Growth Study. Am J Clin Nutr 86 (2007) 907-913
78. Hemachandra A.H., Howards P.P., Furth S.L., et al. Birthweight postnatal growth and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Pediatrics 119 (2007) e1264-e1270
79. Hulman S., Kushner H., Katz S., et al. Can cardiovascular risk be predicted by newborn, childhood, and adolescent body size?. An examination of longitudinal data in urban African Americans. J Pediatr 132 (1998) 90-97
80. Bott L., Beghin L., Devos P., et al. Nutritional status at 2 years in former infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia influences nutrition and pulmonary outcomes during childhood. Pediatr Res 60 (2006) 340-344
81. Vrlenich L.A., Bozynski M.E.A., Shyr Y., et al. The effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on growth at school age. Pediatrics 95 (1995) 855-859
82. Rogers B., Andrus J., Msall M.E., et al. Growth of preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol 40 (1998) 580-586
83. Guo S.S., Roche A.F., Chumlea W.C., et al. Growth in weight, recumbent length and head circumference for preterm low-birthweight infants during the first three years of life using gestation adjusted ages. Early Human Dev 47 (1997) 305-325
84. Carver J.D., Wu P.Y.K., Hall R.T., et al. Growth of preterm infants fed nutrient-enriched or term formula after hospital discharge. Pediatrics 107 (2001) 683-689
85. Lucas A., Morley R., Cole T.J., et al. Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status at 18 months. Lancet 335 (1990) 1477-1481
86. Lucas A., Morley R., and Cole T.J. Randomized trial of early diet in preterm babies and later intelligence quotient. Br Med J 317 (1998) 1481-1487
87. O'Connor D.C., Jacobs J., Hall R., et al. Growth and development of premature infants fed predominately human milk, predominately premature infant formula or a combination of human milk and premature formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 37 (2003) 437-446
88. Wheeler R.E., and Hall R.T. Feeding of premature infant formula after hospital discharge of infants weighing less than 1800 grams at birth. J Perinatol 16 (1996) 111-116
89. Thureen P., and Heird W.C. Protein and energy requirements of the preterm/low birthweight (LBW) infant. Pediatr Res 57 (2005) 95R-98R
90. Vohr B.R., Poindexter B.P., Dusick A.M., et al. Beneficial effects of breast milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the developmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months. Pediatrics 118 (2006) e115-e123
91. Lee P.A., Chernausek S.D., Hokken-Koelega A.C.S., et al. International Small for Gestational Age Advisory Board Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of short children born small for gestational age. Pediatrics 111 (2003) 1253-1261
92. Clayton P.E., Cianfarani S., Czernichow P., et al. Consensus statement: management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: a consensus statement for the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 (2007) 804-810
93. Cutfield W.S., Jackson W.E., Jeffries C., et al. Reduced insulin sensitivity during growth hormone therapy for short children born small for gestational age. J Pediatr 142 (2003) 113-116
94. Finken M.J.J., Dekker F.W., de Zegher F., et al. Long-term height gain of prematurely born children with neonatal growth restraint: parallelism with the growth pattern of short children born small for gestational age. Pediatrics 118 (2006) 640-643
95. Wit J.M., Finken M.J.J., Rijken M., et al. Preterm growth restraint: a paradigm that unifies intrauterine growth retardation and preterm extrauterine growth retardation and has implications for the small-for-gestational-age indication in growth hormone therapy. Pediatrics 117 (2006) e793-e795