Did lower zone magma conduits store PGE-rich sulphides that were later supplied to the Platreef?

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 110, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 611-616

  McDonald, Iain ^a   Holwell, David A ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COPPER; GABBRO; IGNEOUS INTRUSION; MAGMA; MAGMA CHAMBER; MASS BALANCE; NICKEL; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT; PYROXENITE; SILL; SULFIDE;

AFRICA; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; LIMPOPO; PLATREEF; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 38649086455     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gssajg.110.4.611     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Ashwal, L.D., Webb, S.J. and Knoper, M.W. (2005). Magmatic stratigraphy in the Bushveld Northern Lobe; continuous geophysical and mineralogical data from the 2950m Bellevue drillcore. South African Journal of Geology, 108, 199-232.
2. Barton Jr, J.M., Cawthorn, R.G. and White, J. (1986). The role of contamination in the evolution of the Platreef of the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 81, 1096-1104.
3. Cameron, E.N. (1978). The Lower Zone of the Eastern Bushveld Complex in the Olifants River Trough. Journal of Petrology, 19, 437-462.
4. Cawthorn, R.G., Merkle, RK, and Viljoen, M., 2002. Platinum-group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. In: L. Cabri (Editor) The Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Benefication of the Platinum-Group Elements. Canadian Institute of Mining crud Metallurgy Special Volume, 54, 389-429.
5. Davies, G. and Tredoux, M. (1985). The platinum-group element and gold contents of the marginal rocks and sills of the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 80, 838-848.
6. De Bremond d'Ars, J., Arndt N.T. and Hallot E. (2001). Analog experimental insights into the formation of magmatic sulphide deposits. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 186, 371-381.
7. De Waal, S.A., Maier, W.D., Gauert, C.D.K. and Armstrong, R.A. (2001). Parental magma and emplacement of the stratiform Uitkomst Complex, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 557-572.
8. Harmer, R.E. (2004). The Volspruit PGE-Ni reef: platinum mineralization in the lower Zone south of Mokopane: Geoscience Africa 2004, Abstract Volume, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 256-257.
9. Harmer, R.E. and Sharpe, M. (1985). Field relations and strontium isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the Eastern Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 80, 813-837.
10. Holwell, D.A. (2006). The roles of magmatism, contamination and hydrothermal processes in the development of Platreef mineralization, Bushveld Complex, South Afrira. Unpublished PhD thesis, Cardiff University, United Kingdom, 285pp.
11. Holwell, D.A., Armitage, P.E.B. and McDonald, I. (2005). Observations on the relationship between the Platreef and its hangingwall. Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 114, B199-207.
12. Holwell, D.A., Boyce, A.J. and McDonald, I., Sulfur isotope variations within the Platreef: genetic implications for the origin of sulfide mineralization. Economic Geology, (in press).
13. Holwell, D.A. and Jordaan, A. (2006). Three-dimensional mapping of the Platreef at the Zwartfontein South mine; implications for the timing of magmatic events in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 115, 41-48.
14. Holwell, D.A. and McDonald, I. (2006). Petrology, geochemistry and the mechanisms determining the distribution of Platinum-Group Element and Base Metal Sulfide mineralization in the Platreef at Overysel, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita, 41, 575-598.
15. Holwell, D.A. and McDonald, I. (2007). Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Platreef at Overysel, northern Bushveld: a combined PGM and LA-ICP-MS study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 154, 171-190, DOI: 10.1007/S00410-007-0185-9
16. Hulbert L.J. (1983). A petrological investigation of the Rusenburg layered suite and associated mineralization south of Potgietersus. Unpublished DSc thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 511pp.
17. Hutchinson, D. and Kinnaird, J.A. (2005). Complex multi-stage genesis for the Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation in the southern region of the Platreef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 114, B208-224.
18. Kinnaird, J.A. (2005). Geochemical evidence of multiphase emplacement in the southern Platreef: Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 114,B225-242.
19. Kinnaird, J.A. and McDonald, I. (2005), An introduction to the mineralisation in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex: Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 114, B194-198.
20. Lee, C.A. (1996), A review of mineralization in the Bushveld Complex and some other layered mafic intrusions, In: R. G. Cawthorn (Editor), Layered Intrusions, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 103-146.
21. Maier, W.D., Li, C. and de Waal, S.A. (2001). Why are there no major Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions? Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 547-566.
22. Maier, W.D. and Barnes, S.J. (1999). Platinum-group elements in silicate rocks of the lower, Critical and Main Zones at union section, western Bushveld Complex. Journal of Petrology. 40, 1647-1671.
23. Manyeruke, T.D., Maier, W.D. and Barnes, S-J. (2005). Major and trace element geochemistry of the Platreef on the farm Townlands, northern Bushveld Complex. South African Journal of Geology, 108, 381-396.
24. McDonald, I., Holwell, D.A. and Armitage, P.E.B. (2005). Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Platreef and "Critical Zone" cumulates of the Northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: implications for Bushveld stratigraphy and the development of PGE mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 40, 526-549.
25. Ripley, E.M. (1990). Platinum-group element geochemistry of Cu-Ni mineralization in the basal zone of the Babbitt Deposit, Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Economic Geology, 85, 830-841.
26. Ripley, E.M. and Li, C. (2003). S isotope exchange and metal enrichment in the formation of magmatic Cu-Ni-(PGE) deposits. Economic Geology, 98, 635-641.
27. Sharman-Harris, E., Kinnaird, J.A., Harris, C., Horstmann, U.E. and Wing, B. (2005). A new look at sulphide mineralisation of the northern limb, Bushveld Complex: a stable isotope study. Applied Earth Science (Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B), 114, 252-263.
28. Simpkin, T. and Smith, J.V. (1970). Minor element distribution in olivine. Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325.
29. Teigler, B. and Eales H.V. (1996). The Lower and Critical Zones of the Western Limb of the Bushveld Complex as intersected by the Nooitgedacht boreholes. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 111, 126pp.
30. van der Merwe, M.J. (1978). The geology of the basic and ultramafic rocks of the Potgietersrus limb of the Bushveld Complex. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg South Africa, 176pp.
31. Verbeek, J. and Lomberg, J. (2005). Rooipoort PGE, Mokopane, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Qualified Persons Report by RSG Global for Caledonia Mining Corporation, 96pp
32. Von Gruenewaldt, G., Hulbert, L.J. and Naldrett, A.J. (1989). Contrasting platinum-group element concentration patterns in cumulates of the Bushveld Complex. Mineralium Deposita, 24, 219-229.