Major and trace element geochemistry of the Platreef on the farm Townlands, northern Bushveld complex

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 381-396

  Manyeruke, Tawanda D ^a   Maier, Wolfgang D ^a   Barnes, Sarah Jane ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À CHICOUTIMI   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; ORE DEPOSIT; PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT;

AFRICA; BUSHVELD COMPLEX; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WORLD;

EID: 27944510638     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/108.3.381     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Armitage, P.E.B., McDonald, I., Edwards, J.S. and Manby, G.M. (2002). Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Platreef and calc-silicate footwall at Sandsloot, Potgietersrus District, South Africa. Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 111 (reprinted from Applied Earth Science, January-April 2002), B36-45.
2. Barnes, S.-J. and Francis, D. (1995). The distribution of platinum-group elements, nickel, copper, and gold in the Muskox Layered Intrusion, northwest territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 90, 135-154.
3. Barnes, S.-J. and Maier, W.D. (1999). The fractionation of Ni, Cu and the noble metals in silicate and sulphide liquids. In: Keays, R.R., Lesher, C.M., Lightfoot, P.C. and Farrow, C.E.G. (Editors.), Dynamic processes in magmatic ore deposits and their application to mineral exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes 13, 69-106.
4. Barnes, S.-J. and Maier, W.D. (2002). Platinum-group Elements and Microstructures of Normal Merensky Reef from Impala Platinum Mines, Bushveld Complex. Journal of Petrology, 43, 103-128.
5. Barton, J.M., Cawthorn, R.G. and White, J. (1986). The role of contamination in the evolution of the Platreef of the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 81, 1096-1104.
6. Bédard, L.P. and Barnes, S.-J. (2002). A comparison of the capacity of FA-ICPMS and FA-INAA to determine platinum-group elements and gold in geological samples. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 254, 319-329
7. Bennett, H. and Oliver, G. (1992). XRF analysis of Ceramics, Minerals and Applied Materials. John Wiley and Sons, New York and Brisbane, 67-93.
8. Buchanan, D.L., Nolan, J., Suddaby., Rouse, M.J. and Davenport, J.W.J. (1981). The genesis of sulphide mineralisation in a portion of the Potgietersrus limb of the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 76, 568-579.
9. Cameron, E.N. (1982). The Upper Critical Zone of the Eastern Bushveld Complex - Precursor of the Merensky Reef Economic Geology, 77, 1307-1327.
10. Cawthorn, R.G., Barton, J.M., Jr. and Viljoen, M.J. (1985). Interaction of floor rocks with the Platreef on Overysel, Potgietersrus, northern Transvaal: Economic Geology, 80, 988-1006.
11. Curl, E.A. (2001). Parental magmas of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Unpublisbed PhD. Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Australia, 140 pp.
12. Davies, G. and Tredoux, M. (1985). The platinum-group element and gold contents of the marginal rocks and sills of the Bushveld complex. Economic Geology, 80, 838-848.
13. de Waal, S.A. (1977). Carbon dioxide and water from metamorphic reactions as agents for sulphide and spinel precipitation in mafic magmas. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 80, 193-196.
14. Eales, H.V. and Cawthorn, R.G.C. (1996). The Bushveld Complex. In: Cawthorn R.G. (Editor) Layered Intrusions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 181-228.
15. Eriksson, P.G. and Reczko, B.F.F. (1998). Contourites associated with pelagic mudrocks and distal delta-fed turbidites in the Lower Proterozoic Timeball Hill Formation epiric basin (Transvaal Supergroup), South Africa. Sedimentary Geology, 120, 319-335.
16. Harris, C. and Chaumba, J.B. (2001). Crustal contamination and fluid-rock interaction during the formation of the Platreef, northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Petrology, 42, 1321-1347.
17. Harmer, R.E. and Sharpe, M.R. (1985). Field relations and strontium isotope systematics of the marginal rocks of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 80, 813-837.
18. Haughton, D.R., Roeder, P.L., Skinner, B.J., 1974. Solubility of sulphur in mafic magmas. Economic. Geology, 69, 451-467.
19. Klein, C. and Beukes, N.J. (1989). Geochemistry and sedimentology of facies transition from limestone to iron-formation deposition in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Economic Geology, 84, 1741.
20. Lachenicht, K. (2003). Investigation into the nature and origin of the "Hybrid norite" at Zwartfontein South Pit, Potgietersrust Platinum Limited, northern Bushveld Complex. Unpublished Honours thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 38 pp.
21. Lee, C.A. (1996). A review of mineralisation in the Bushveld Complex and some other layered mafic intrusions. In: Cawthorn, R.G. (Editor) Layered Intrusions. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 103-145.
22. Maier, W.D. (2002). Concentrations of the PGE in the Platreef on the farm Townlands, northern Bushveld Complex. 9th International Platinum Symposium, Billings, USA
23. Maier, W.D. and Barnes, S.-J. (1998). Concentrations of rare earth elements in silicate rocks of the Lower, Critical and Main Zones of the Bushveld Complex. Chemical Geology, 150, 85-103.
24. Maier, W.D. and Barnes, S.-J. (1999). Platinum-Group Elements in silicate rocks of the Lower, Critical and Main Zones at Union Section, Western Bushveld Complex. Journal of Petrology, 40, 11, 85-103.
25. Maier, W.D. and Eales, H.V. (1997). Correlation within the UG2-Merensky Reef interval of the Western Bushveld Complex, based on geochemical, mineralogical and petrological data. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 120, 56 pp.
26. McDonald, I., and Armitage, P.E.B. (2003). The Platreef of the Northern Bushveld, South Africa - is it equivalent to the Merensky Reef? Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 112, no. 2 (reprinted from Applied Earth Science, August 2003), B212-213.
27. Mitchell, A.A. (1990). The stratigraphy, petrology and mineralogy of the Main Zone of the northwestern Bushveld Complex. South African Journal of Geology, 93, 818-831.
28. Manyeruke, T.D. (2003). The petrography and geochemistry of the Platreef on the farm Townlands, near Potgietersrus, northern Bushveld Complex. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 107 pp.
29. Naldrett, A.J. (1989). Magmatic sulphide deposits. Oxford University Press, U.K., 186 pp.
30. Ripley, E.M. (1999). Systematics of sulphur and oxygen isotopes in mafic igneous rocks and related Cu-Ni-PGE mineralisation. In: Keays, R.R., Lesher, C.M., Lightfoot, P.C. and Farrow, C.E.G (Editors) Dynamic processes in magmatic ore deposits and their application in mineral exploration, Geological Association of Canada, Short Course, 13, 133-158.
31. SA Mining, September, 2004. The North will rival the East. p. 34.
32. Sharpe, M.R., Crouse, S.P., Gain, S.B., Chunnett, G.K. and Lee, C.A. (2002). Sheba's Ridge, An unconventional setting for Platreef, UG2 and Merenskystyle PGE-BMS deposits in the Bushveld Complex. Edited by A. Boudreau. 9th International Platinum Symposium, Extended Abstracts, 407-408.
33. Simpkin, T. and Smith, J.V. (1970). Minor-element distribution in olivines. Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325.
34. Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M. (1985). The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell Scientific, U.K., 312 pp.
35. Van der Merwe, M.J. (1976). The layered sequence of the Potgietersrus limb of the Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology, 71, 1337-1351.
36. Vermaak, C.F. (1995). The platinum-group metals. A global perspective. First edition. Mintek, South Africa, 19 pp.
37. Viljoen, M.J. and Schurmann, L.W. (1998). Platinum-group metals. In: Wilson, M.G.C. and Anhaeusser, C.R (Editors) The Mineral Resources of South Africa, Council for Geoscience, South Africa, 532-568.
38. Wagner, A. (1929). The Platinum Deposits and Mines of South Africa. Oliver and Boyd, 366p.
39. Watson, J. S. (1996). Fast, Simple Method of Powder Pellet Preparation for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis. X-Ray Spectrometry 25, 173-174.
40. White, J.A. (1994). The Potgietersrus project geology and exploration history: Proceedings, 15th CMMI Congress, S.A. Institute of mining and Metallurgy, 173-182.
41. Wilson, A.H., Lee, C.A and Brown, R.T. (1999). Geochemistry of the Merensky reef, Rustenburg Section. Bushveld Complex: controls on silicate framework and distribution of trace elements. Mineralium Deposita, 34, 657-672. www.panpaladium.au