Nutrient supplies for optimal health in preterm infants

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Volumn 45, Issue 4 SUPPL. 3, 2007, Pages

  Hay Jr , William W ^a  

^a Perinatal Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Neonate; Nutrition; Preterm

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIABETES MELLITUS; HUMAN; INFANT NUTRITION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; OBESITY; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT STATURE;

AMINO ACIDS; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INSULIN; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS;

EID: 38549175679     PISSN: 02772116     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000302965.93546.b8     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (62)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Nutritional needs of low-birth-weight infants. Pediatrics 1985;76:976-86.
2. Hay WW Jr. Nutrient delivery and metabolism in the fetus. In: Hod M, Jovanovic L, Di Renzo G, DeLeiva A, eds. Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy. London: Martin Dunitz; 2003:201-21.
3. Reference deleted in proof.
4. Nelson SE, Rogers RR, Ziegler EE, et al. Gain in weight and length during early infancy. Early Hum Dev 1989;19:223-39.
5. Milley JR. Ovine fetal leucine kinetics and protein metabolism during decreased oxygen availability. Am J Physiol 1998;274:E618-26.
6. Boyle DW, Lecklitner S, Liechty EA. Effect of prolonged uterine blood flow reduction on fetal growth in sheep. Am J Physiol 1996;270:R246-53.
7. Groothuis JR, Rosenberg AA. Home oxygen promotes weight gain in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:992-5.
8. Liu L, Simon MC. Regulation of transcription and translation by hypoxia. Cancer Biol Ther 2004;3:492-7.
9. Tin W. Oxygen therapy: 50 years of uncertainty. Pediatrics 2002;110:615-6.
10. Stockman JA 3rd, Clark DA. Weight gain: a response to transfusion in selected preterm infants. Am J Dis Child 1984;138:828-30.
11. Kitanaka T, Alonso JG, Gilbert RD, et al. Fetal responses to long-term hypoxemia in sheep. Am J Physiol 1989;256:R1348-54.
12. Morgan BLG, Naismith DG. The effect of early postnatal under-nutrition on the growth and development of the rat brain. Br J Nutr 1982;48:15-23.
13. Smart JL. Vulnerability of developing brain to undernutrition. Ups J Med Sci Suppl 1990;48:21-41.
14. Smart JL. Critical periods in brain development. In: Bock GR, Whelan J, eds. The Childhood Environment and Adult Disease. CIBA Foundation Symposium 156. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1991: 109-28.
15. Hay WW Jr. Nutrition and development of the fetus: carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In: Walker WA, Watkins JB, Duggan CP, eds. Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science and Clinical Applications. 3rd ed. BC Decker: Hamilton, Canada; 2003:449-70.
16. DiGiacomo JE, Hay WW Jr. Fetal glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption during sustained maternal and fetal hypoglycemia. Metabolism 1990;39:193-202.
17. Molina RD, Meschia G, Battaglia FC, et al. Gestational maturation of placental glucose transfer capacity in sheep. Am J Physiol 1991;261:R697-704.
18. Sunehag A. The role of parenteral lipids in supporting gluconeogenesis in very premature infants. Pediatr Res 2003;54:480-6.
19. Carver TD, Quick AN Jr, Teng CC, et al. Leucine metabolism in chronically hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic growth restricted fetal sheep. Am J Physiol 1997;272 (1 Pt 1):E107-17.
20. Denne SC, Karn CA, Wang J, et al. Effect of intravenous glucose and lipid on proteolysis and glucose production in normal newborns. Am J Physiol 1995;269 (2 Pt 1):E361-7.
21. Hays SP, Smith EO, Sunehag AL. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for early death and morbidity in extremely low birth-weight infants. Pediatrics 2006;118:1811-8.
22. Marconi AM, Paolini C, Buscaglia M, et al. The impact of gestational age and fetal growth on the maternal-fetal glucose concentration difference. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:937-42.
23. Srinivasan G, Pildes RS, Cattamanchi G, et al. Plasma glucose values in normal neonates: a new look. J Pediatr 1986;109:114.
24. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycemia. BMJ 1988;297:1304-8.
25. Das UG, Schroeder RE, Hay WW Jr et al. Time-dependent and tissue-specific effects of circulating glucose on fetal ovine glucose transporters. Am J Physiol 1999;276 (3 Pt 2):R809-17.
26. Battaglia FC, Meschia G. An Introduction to Fetal Physiology. Orlando, FL: Academic Press; 1986:100-35.
27. Chessex P, Belanger S, Piedboeuf B, et al. Influence of energy substrates on respiratory gas exchange during conventional mechanical ventilation of preterm infants. J Pediatr 1995;126:619-24.
28. Sellmayer A, Koletzko B. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids in infants - physiological and pathophysiological aspects and open questions. Lipids 1999;34:199-205.
29. Carlson SE. Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in infant development. Semin Neonatol 2001;6:437-49.
30. Innis SM. Essential fatty acid transfer in fetal development. Placenta 2005;26 (Suppl A):S70-5.
31. Ghosh S, Kewalramani G, Yuen G, et al. Induction of mitochondrial nitrative damage and cardiac dysfunction by chronic provision of dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Free Radicals Biol Med 2006;41:1413-24.
32. Meier PR, Peterson RG, Bonds DR, et al. Rates of protein synthesis and turnover in fetal life. Am J Physiol 1981;240:E320-4.
33. Ziegler EE, O'Donnell AM, Nelson SE, et al. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth 1976;40:329-41.
34. Ross JC, Fennessey PV, Wilkening RB, et al. Placental transport and fetal utilization of leucine in a model of fetal growth retardation. Am J Physiol 1996;270:E491-503.
35. Ziegler EE. Protein in premature feeding. Nutrition 1994;10:69-71.
36. Woods LL, Ingelfinger JR, Nyengaard JR, et al. Maternal protein restriction suppresses the newborn renin-angiotensin system and programs adult hypertension in rats. Pediatr Res 2001;49:460-7.
37. Petrik J, Reusens B, Arany E, et al. A low protein diet alters the balance of islet cell replication and apoptosis in the fetal and neonatal rat and is associated with a reduced pancreatic expression of insulin-like growth factor-II. Endocrinology 1999;140:4861-73.
38. Limesand SW, Jensen J, Hutton JC, et al. Diminished β-cell replication contributes to reduced β-cell mass in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Reg Integr Comp Physiol 2005;288:R1297-305.
39. Denne SC. Protein and energy requirements in preterm infants. Semin Neonatol 2001;6:377-82.
40. Thureen PJ, Melara D, Fennessey PV, et al. Effect of low versus high intravenous amino acid intake on very low birth weight infants in the early neonatal period. Pediatr Res 2003;53:24-32.
41. Ridout E, Melara D, Rottinghaus S, et al. Blood urea nitrogen concentration as a marker of amino-acid intolerance in neonates with birthweight less than 1250 g. J Perinatol 2005;25:130-3.
42. Micheli JL, Schutz Y. Protein. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, et al eds. Nutritional Needs of the Preterm Infant, Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines. Pawling, NY: Caduceus Medical; 1993:29-46.
43. Zlotkin SH, Bryan MH, Anderson GH. Intravenous nitrogen and energy intakes required to duplicate in utero nitrogen accretion in prematurely born human infants. J Pediatr 1981;99:115-20.
44. Hay WW Jr, Regnault TRH. Fetal requirements and placental transfer of nitrogenous compounds. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. 3rd ed. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 2003:509-27.
45. Fukagawa NK, Minaker KL, Rowe JW, et al. Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown: dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men. J Clin Invest 1985;76:2306-11.
46. Tessari P, Trevisan R, Inchiostro S, et al. Dose-response curves of effects of insulin on leucine kinetics in humans. Am J Physiol 1986;251:E334-42.
47. Hertz DE, Karn CA, Liu YM, et al. Intravenous glucose suppresses glucose production but not proteolysis in extremely premature newborns. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1752-8.
48. Poindexter BB, Karn CA, Denne SC. Exogenous insulin reduces proteolysis and protein synthesis in extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1998;132:948-53.
49. Thureen PJ, Scheer B, Anderson SM, et al. Effect of hyperinsulinemia on amino acid utilization in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;279:E1294-304.
50. Brown LD, Hay WW Jr. Effect of hyperinsulinemia on amino acid utilization and oxidation independent of glucose metabolism in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;291:E1333-40.
51. Carlson SJ, Ziegler EE. Nutrient intakes and growth of very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 1998;18:252-8.
52. Singhal A, Fewtrell M, Cole TJ, et al. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet 2003;361:1089-97.
53. Cianfarani S, Germani D, Branca F. Low birthweight and adult insulin resistance: the 'catch-up growth' hypothesis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999;81:F71-3.
54. Herrick K, Phillips DI, Haselden S, et al. Maternal consumption of a high-meat, low-carbohydrate diet in late pregnancy: relation to adult cortisol concentrations in the offspring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:3554-60.
55. Goldman HI, Goldman J, Kaufman I, et al. Late effects of early dietary protein intake on low birth-weight infants. J Pediatr 1974;85:764-9.
56. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, et al. Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status at 18 months. Lancet 1990;335:1477-81.
57. Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ. Randomised trial of early diet in preterm babies and later intelligence quotient. BMJ 1998;317:1481-7.
58. de Boo HA, van Zijl PL, Smith DE, et al. Arginine and mixed amino acids increase protein accretion in the growth-restricted and normal ovine fetus by different mechanisms. Pediatr Res 2005;58:270-7.
59. Brown LD, Hay WW Jr. Amino acids fail to induce skeletal muscle 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in an ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pediatr Res 2006.
60. Ehrenkranz RA. Growth outcomes of very low-birth weight infants in the newborn intensive care unit. Clin Perinatol 2000;27:325-45.
61. Hack M, Schlechter M, Cartar L, et al. Growth of very low birth weight infants to age 20 years. Pediatrics 2003;112:e30-8.
62. Lucas A, Morley RM, Cole TJ, et al. Arandomized multicenter study of human milk versus formula and later development in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1994;70:F141-6.