An Analysis of Wetland Policy in Atlantic Canada

Canadian Water Resources Journal

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 163-178

  Austen, Emily ^a   Hanson, Alan ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; WETLANDS;

CANADA; LEGISLATIVE TOOLS; WETLAND CONSERVATION; WETLAND CONSERVATION POLICIES;

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS;

EID: 38549124412     PISSN: 07011784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4296/cwrj3203163     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Austen, E., 2005. “A Compensation Process for Wetland Loss in Atlantic Canada.”. In M.E.S. Thesis, School for Resource and Environmental Studies Halifax, NS:Dalhousie University.
2. Bailey, R. O., 2000. “A Practical Framework for Applying Wetland Mitigation in Canada.”. In Wetland Mitigation in Canada:A Framework for Application. Sustaining Wetlands Issues Paper 2000-1 Edited by:Cox, K. W., and Grose, A., 57–79. Ottawa, ON:Secretariat to the North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada).
3. Bond, W. K., Cox, K. W., Heberlein, T., Manning, E. W., Witty, D. R., and Young, D. A., 1992. “Wetland Evaluation Guide:Final Report of the Wetlands are Not Wastelands Project.”. In Sustaining Wetlands Issues Paper 1992–1. Ottawa, ON:North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada).
4. Brinson, M. M., and Rheinhardt, R., 1996. “The Role of Reference Wetlands in Functional Assessment and Mitigation.”. Ecological Applications, 6(1):69–76.
5. Brown, S. C., and Venemen, P. L.M., 2001. “Effectiveness ofCompensatory Wetland Mitigation in Massachusetts, USA.”. Wetlands, 21(4):508–518.
6. Business Council of British Columbia. 2006. Fisheries Act Renewal:Joint BC Industry Position Paper.” British Columbia Chamber of Commerce, Council of Forest Industries of BC, Mining Association of British Columbia, Association for Mineral Exploration BC, and BC Agriculture Council.”Online:http://www.bcbc.com/Accessed January 13, 2007
7. Cole, C. A., and Shafer, D., 2002. “Section 404 Wetland Mitigation and Permit Success Criteria in Pennsylvania, USA, 1986–1999.”. Environmental Management, 30(4):508–515.
8. Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses. 2001. Compensating for Wetland Losses under the Clean Water Act. National Academy of Sciences. United States National Research Council
9. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 1986. Policy for the Management of Fish Habitat. Canada
10. External Advisory Committee on Smart Regulation. 2004. “Smart Regulation:A Regulatory Strategy for Canada.” Report to the Government of Canada.” Online:http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/pco-bcp/committees/smart_regulation-ef/2006, -10–11/www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/smartreg-regint/en/index.html Accessed:January 13, 2007
11. Farnese, P.L. and K.W. Belcher. 2006. “Wetlands in Agricultural Landscapes:A Legal and Policy Context.”. Law, Science, and Policy, 3:33–58.
12. Fiore, V. P., 1993. “Federal Wetlands Regulation in Canada and the United States:Suggestions for Canada in Light of Crown Zellerbach and the Peace, Order and Good Governance Clause of the Canadian Constitution.”. The George Washington International Law Review, 2(1):139–172.
13. Gardner, R. C., 2000. “Money for Nothing? The Rise of Wetland Fee Mitigation.”. Virginia Environmental Law Journal, 19(1):1–56.
14. Government of Canada. 1991. Federal Policy on Wetland Conservation. Canada
15. Grose, A., Bailey, R. O., and Cox, K. W., 2000. “Wetland Mitigation in Canada.”. In Sustaining Wetlands Issues Paper 2000-1 Edited by:Cox, K. W., and Grose, A., 1–14. Ottawa, ON:Secretariat to the North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada). “Wetland Mitigation in Canada:A Framework for Application.
16. Gwin, S. E., Kentula, M. E., and Shaffer, P. W., 1999. “Evaluating the Effects ofWetland Regulation through Hydrogeomorphic Classification and Landscape Profiles.”. Wetlands, 19(3):477–489.
17. Hanson, A. L., and Calkins, L., 1996. “Wetlands of the Maritime Provinces:Revised Documentation for the Wetlands Inventory.”. In Technical Report No. 267. Canadian Wildlife Service, Atlantic Region
18. Howlett, M., and Ramesh, M., 2003. “Studying Public Policy:Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems (Second Edition).” Toronto, ON:Oxford University Press.
19. Kentula, M. E., and Magee, T. K., 1999. Foreword.Wetlands, 19(3):475–476.
20. Kusler, J., and Opheim, T., 1996. “Our National Wetland Heritage”. In A Protection Guide. Second Edition. Environmental Law Institute Washington, DC
21. Lewis, R. R., III. 1990. “Wetlands Restoration/Creation/Enhancement Terminology:Suggestions for Standardization.”. In Wetland Creation and Restoration:The Status of the Science. Volumes 1 and 2. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Lab. Corvallis, OR Edited by:Kusler, J. A., and Kentula, M. E., 417–422. Washington, DC:Island Press.
22. Loftus, K. K., Smardon, R. C., and Potter, B. A., 2004. “Strategies for the Stewardship and Conservation of Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands.”. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 7(2):305–330.
23. Lynch-Stewart, P., 1992. “No Net Loss - Implementing ‘No Net Loss’ Goals to Conserve Wetlands in Canada.”. In Sustaining Wetlands Issues Paper No. 1992–2. North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada) Ottawa, ON
24. Lynch-Stewart, P., Rubec, C. D.A., Cox, K. W., and Patterson, J. H., 1993. “A Coming of Age:Policy for Wetland Conservation in Canada.”. In Report No. 93–1. North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada) Ottawa, ON
25. Lynch-Stewart, P., Niece, P., Rubec, C., and KesselTaylor, I., 1996. The Federal Policy on Wetland Conservation:Implementation Guide for Federal Land Managers. Environment Canada Ottawa, ON
26. Lynch-Stewart, P., Kessel-Taylor, I., and Rubec, C., 1999. “Wetlands and Government:Policy and Legislation for Wetland Conservation in Canada.”. In Sustaining Wetlands Issue Paper 1999–1. Ottawa, ON:North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada).
27. Milko, R., 1998. Wetlands Environmental Assessment Guideline. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada Ottawa, ON
28. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being:Wetlands and Water Synthesis. World Resources Institute Washington, DC
29. Morgan, K. L., and Roberts, T. H., 1999. An Assessment of Wetland Mitigation in Tennessee. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Nashville, TN
30. Morgan, K. L., and Roberts, T. H., 2003. “Characterization of Wetland Mitigation Projects in Tennessee, USA.”. Wetlands, 23(1):65–69.
31. New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. 2002. Coastal Areas Protection Policyfor New Brunswick. Sustainable Planning Branch Fredericton, NB
32. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. 2001. New Brunswick Wetlands Conservation Policy Fredericton, NB and Environment and Local Government
33. Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation. 2001. “Policy Directive on Development in Wetlands.”. Online:www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/Env/waterres/Policies/PDDWR97–2.asp Accessed:January 15, 2006
34. North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada). 2005. “North American Wetland Conservation Council (Canada).”. (Website) Online:www.terreshumidescanada.org/main.html. Accessed:November 18, 2005
35. Nova Scotia Environment and Labour. 2006a. Wetland Designation Policy
36. Nova Scotia Environment and Labour. 2006b. Operational Bulletin Respecting Alteration of Wetlands
37. Prince Edward Island Department of Fisheries, Agriculture, and Environment. 2003. A Wetland Conservation Policy for Prince Edward Island
38. Race, M.S. and M.S. Fonseca. 1996. “Fixing Compensatory Mitigation:What Will It Take?”. Ecologica l Applications, 6(1):94–101.
39. Robb, J. T., 2002. “Assessing Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Sites to Aid in Establishing Mitigation Ratios.”. Wetlands, 22(2):435–440.
40. Roberts, L., 1993. “Wetlands Trading is a Loser's Game, Say Ecologists.”. Science, 260:1890–1892.
41. Rubec, C., ed. 1994. Wetland Policy Implementation in Canada:Proceedings of a National Workshop. Report 941. North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada) Ottawa, ON
42. Schulte-Hostedde, B., Walters, D., Powell, C., and Shrubsole, D., 2007. “Wetland Management:An Analysis of Past Practice and Recent Policy Changes in Ontario.”. Journal of Environmental Management, 82:83–94.
43. Shabman, L., Stephenson, K., and Scodari, P., 1998. “Wetland Credit Sales as a Strategy for Achieving No-Net-Loss:The Limitations of Regulatory Conditions.”. Wetlands, 18(3):471–481.
44. Thoroughgood, P., 2006. “Wetlands in Agricultural Landscapes.”. In Discussion Paper developed through a Stakeholder Consultation Process. Ducks Unlimited Canada Regina, SK (Compiler)
45. US Army Corps of Engineers. 2000. Federal Guidance on the Use of In-Lieu-FeeArrangements for Compensatory Mitigation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act United States Environmental Protection Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Services, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Online:http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/regs/inlieufee.pdf Accessed:January 13, 2007