메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 129-137

Treatment and costs associated with anemic chronic kidney disease patients

Author keywords

Anemia; Health care costs; Kidney diseases; Quality of life

Indexed keywords

ERYTHROPOIETIN; FERRIC GLUCONATE; FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUCROSE; IRON DEXTRAN; NOVEL ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULATING PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN;

EID: 38549100652     PISSN: 03007995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1185/030079908X242782     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (3)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 38549160532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System. USRDS 2003 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2003
    • US Renal Data System. USRDS 2003 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2003
  • 2
    • 0036342131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and management of anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease in a health maintenance organization
    • Kausz AT, Steinberg EP, Nissenson AR, et al. Prevalence and management of anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease in a health maintenance organization. Dis Manag Health Outcomes 2002;10:505-13
    • (2002) Dis Manag Health Outcomes , vol.10 , pp. 505-513
    • Kausz, A.T.1    Steinberg, E.P.2    Nissenson, A.R.3
  • 3
    • 33645501811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anemia in chronic kidney disease: Causes, diagnosis, treatment
    • Nurko S. Anemia in chronic kidney disease: causes, diagnosis, treatment. Cleve Clin J Med 2006;73:289-97
    • (2006) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.73 , pp. 289-297
    • Nurko, S.1
  • 4
    • 0035228407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for anemia of chronic kidney disease: Update 2000
    • National Kidney Foundation
    • National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for anemia of chronic kidney disease: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37:S182-238
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.37
  • 5
    • 5444255241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • McClellan W, Aronoff SL, Bolton WK, et al. The prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1501-10
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , pp. 1501-1510
    • McClellan, W.1    Aronoff, S.L.2    Bolton, W.K.3
  • 6
    • 33645506926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should all patients with chronic kidney disease receive an EPO-type drug?
    • Berns JS. Should all patients with chronic kidney disease receive an EPO-type drug? Cleve Clin J Med 2006;73:298-300
    • (2006) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.73 , pp. 298-300
    • Berns, J.S.1
  • 7
    • 0033974161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effect of normalizing the hematocrit level during erythropoietin therapy in pre-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure
    • Hayashi T, Suzuki A, Shoji T, et al. Cardiovascular effect of normalizing the hematocrit level during erythropoietin therapy in pre-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:250-6
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.35 , pp. 250-256
    • Hayashi, T.1    Suzuki, A.2    Shoji, T.3
  • 8
    • 0033054185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalizing hematocrit in dialysis patients improves brain function
    • Pickett JL, Therberge DC, Brown WD, et al. Normalizing hematocrit in dialysis patients improves brain function. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;33:1122-30
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.33 , pp. 1122-1130
    • Pickett, J.L.1    Therberge, D.C.2    Brown, W.D.3
  • 9
    • 0024581871 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in pre-dialysis patients
    • Lim VS, DeGowin RL, Zavala D, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment in pre-dialysis patients. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:108-14
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.110 , pp. 108-114
    • Lim, V.S.1    DeGowin, R.L.2    Zavala, D.3
  • 10
    • 14844314917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should the target hemoglobin for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietic replacement therapy be changed?
    • Berns JS. Should the target hemoglobin for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietic replacement therapy be changed? Semin Dialysis 2005;18:22-9
    • (2005) Semin Dialysis , vol.18 , pp. 22-29
    • Berns, J.S.1
  • 11
    • 0036415134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaemia of chronic kidney disease: An under-recognized and under-treated problem
    • Obrador GT, Pereira BG. Anaemia of chronic kidney disease: an under-recognized and under-treated problem. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002;17:S44-46
    • (2002) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.17
    • Obrador, G.T.1    Pereira, B.G.2
  • 12
    • 38549095094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System: USRDS 2005 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in United States. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health. Available from http://www.usrds.org/atlas.htm [Last accessed 23 June 2006]
    • US Renal Data System: USRDS 2005 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in United States. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health. Available from http://www.usrds.org/atlas.htm [Last accessed 23 June 2006]
  • 13
    • 38549152186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Renal Data System, USRDS 2000 Annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. In: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD, 2000
    • US Renal Data System, USRDS 2000 Annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. In: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda MD, 2000
  • 14
    • 0036020184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darbepoetin alfa: A novel erythropoiesis-stimulation protein
    • Joy MS. Darbepoetin alfa: a novel erythropoiesis-stimulation protein. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:1183-97
    • (2002) Ann Pharmacother , vol.36 , pp. 1183-1197
    • Joy, M.S.1
  • 15
    • 0023837516 scopus 로고
    • Peritubular cells are the site of erythropoietin synthesis in the murine hypoxic kidney
    • Lacombe C, Da Silva JL, Bruneval P, et al. Peritubular cells are the site of erythropoietin synthesis in the murine hypoxic kidney. J Clin Invest 1988;81:620-3
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 620-623
    • Lacombe, C.1    Da Silva, J.L.2    Bruneval, P.3
  • 16
    • 0030964765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin in the pathogenesis and treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure
    • Erslev AJ, Besarab A. Erythropoietin in the pathogenesis and treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1997;51:622-30
    • (1997) Kidney Int , vol.51 , pp. 622-630
    • Erslev, A.J.1    Besarab, A.2
  • 17
    • 38549171259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for anemia of chronic kidney disease
    • National Kidney Foundation
    • National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for anemia of chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;47:S17-132
    • (2006) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.47
  • 18
    • 38549111809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Kidney Foundation releases preliminary anemia guideline update. Available from, Last accessed 1 Oct 2007
    • National Kidney Foundation releases preliminary anemia guideline update. Available from http://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/newsitem.cfm?id=380 [Last accessed 1 Oct 2007]
  • 19
    • 0037227316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin: Physiology and pharmacology update
    • Fisher JW. Erythropoietin: physiology and pharmacology update. Exp Biol Med 2003;228:1-14
    • (2003) Exp Biol Med , vol.228 , pp. 1-14
    • Fisher, J.W.1
  • 20
    • 0022484262 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and biological effects of recombinant human erythropoietin
    • Egrie JC, Strickland TW, Lane J, et al. Characterization and biological effects of recombinant human erythropoietin. Immunobiology 1986;172:213-24
    • (1986) Immunobiology , vol.172 , pp. 213-224
    • Egrie, J.C.1    Strickland, T.W.2    Lane, J.3
  • 21
    • 0034959059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the efficacy and safety of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP)
    • Macdougall IC. An overview of the efficacy and safety of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16:14-21
    • (2001) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.16 , pp. 14-21
    • Macdougall, I.C.1
  • 22
    • 0034997401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and characterization of novel erythropoiesis stimulation protein (NESP)
    • Egrie JC, Browne JK. Development and characterization of novel erythropoiesis stimulation protein (NESP). Br J Cancer 2001;84(Suppl 1):3-10
    • (2001) Br J Cancer , vol.84 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-10
    • Egrie, J.C.1    Browne, J.K.2
  • 23
    • 0032737391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein compared with epoetin alfa in dialysis patients
    • Macdougall IC, Gray SJ, Elston O, et al. Pharmacokinetics of novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein compared with epoetin alfa in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999;10:2392-95
    • (1999) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.10 , pp. 2392-2395
    • Macdougall, I.C.1    Gray, S.J.2    Elston, O.3
  • 24
    • 26844535410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darbepoetin alfa: Its use in anemia associated with chronic kidney disease
    • Robinson DM, Easthope SE. Darbepoetin alfa: its use in anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. Biodrugs 2005;19:327-43
    • (2005) Biodrugs , vol.19 , pp. 327-343
    • Robinson, D.M.1    Easthope, S.E.2
  • 25
    • 0035990386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darbepoetin-alpha: A review of the literature
    • Overbay DK, Manley HJ. Darbepoetin-alpha: a review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:889-97
    • (2002) Pharmacotherapy , vol.22 , pp. 889-897
    • Overbay, D.K.1    Manley, H.J.2
  • 26
    • 0034254356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis
    • Goodnourgh LT, Skikne B, Brugnara C. Erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis. Blood 2000;96:823-33
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 823-833
    • Goodnourgh, L.T.1    Skikne, B.2    Brugnara, C.3
  • 27
    • 0035173982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations for optimal iron use for anemia due to chronic kidney disease
    • Hudson JQ, Comstock TJ. Considerations for optimal iron use for anemia due to chronic kidney disease. Clin Ther 2001;23:1637-71
    • (2001) Clin Ther , vol.23 , pp. 1637-1671
    • Hudson, J.Q.1    Comstock, T.J.2
  • 28
    • 0029800438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron utilization after iron dextran administration for iron deficiency in patients with dialysis-associated anemia: A prospective analysis and comparison of two agents
    • Roe DJ, Harfod AM, Zager PG, et al. Iron utilization after iron dextran administration for iron deficiency in patients with dialysis-associated anemia: a prospective analysis and comparison of two agents. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28:855-60
    • (1996) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.28 , pp. 855-860
    • Roe, D.J.1    Harfod, A.M.2    Zager, P.G.3
  • 29
    • 20944449485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous iron sucrose to oral iron in the treatment of anemic patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis
    • Charytan C, Qunibi W, Bailie GR. Comparison of intravenous iron sucrose to oral iron in the treatment of anemic patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis. Nephron Clin Pract 2005;100:55-62
    • (2005) Nephron Clin Pract , vol.100 , pp. 55-62
    • Charytan, C.1    Qunibi, W.2    Bailie, G.R.3
  • 30
    • 0028182996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansen CM. Oral Iron supplements: choosing a product depends on elemental iron content, cost, and additives. Am Pharm 1994;34:66-71
    • Hansen CM. Oral Iron supplements: choosing a product depends on elemental iron content, cost, and additives. Am Pharm 1994;34:66-71
  • 31
    • 0025912710 scopus 로고
    • Localization of cells producing erythropoietin in murine liver by in situ hybridization
    • Koury ST, Bondurant MC, Koury MJ, et al. Localization of cells producing erythropoietin in murine liver by in situ hybridization. Blood 1991;77:2497-503
    • (1991) Blood , vol.77 , pp. 2497-2503
    • Koury, S.T.1    Bondurant, M.C.2    Koury, M.J.3
  • 32
    • 14044259130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-erythropoietin antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia after treatment with recombinant erythropoietin products: Recommendations for minimization of risk
    • Cournoyer D, Toffelmire EB, Wells GA, et al. Anti-erythropoietin antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia after treatment with recombinant erythropoietin products: recommendations for minimization of risk. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:2728-34
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 2728-2734
    • Cournoyer, D.1    Toffelmire, E.B.2    Wells, G.A.3
  • 33
    • 34447506380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody-mediated acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) after treatment with darbepoetin
    • Howman R, Kulkarni H. Antibody-mediated acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) after treatment with darbepoetin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:1462-4
    • (2007) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.22 , pp. 1462-1464
    • Howman, R.1    Kulkarni, H.2
  • 34
    • 38549092031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epoetin alpha recombinant package insert. Available from, Last accessed 7 Aug 2006
    • Epoetin alpha recombinant package insert. Available from http://www.epogen.com [Last accessed 7 Aug 2006]
  • 35
    • 38549115522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) package insert. Available from, Last accessed 17 Sep 2001
    • Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) package insert. Available from http://www.aranesp.com/professional/ckd/pi/pi.jsp [Last accessed 17 Sep 2001]
  • 36
    • 0033913634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein
    • Macdougall IC. Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein. Semin Nephrol 2000;20:375-81
    • (2000) Semin Nephrol , vol.20 , pp. 375-381
    • Macdougall, I.C.1
  • 37
    • 33750983605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease
    • Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, et al. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2085-98
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2085-2098
    • Singh, A.K.1    Szczech, L.2    Tang, K.L.3
  • 38
    • 3042819708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease
    • National Kidney Foundation
    • National Kidney Foundation. NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:S1-268
    • (2004) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.43
  • 39
    • 0032792965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in response to epoetin
    • Macdougall IC. The role of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in response to epoetin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14:1836-41
    • (1999) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 1836-1841
    • Macdougall, I.C.1
  • 40
    • 0021674435 scopus 로고
    • Worsening of anemia induced by long-term use of captopril in hemodialysis patients
    • Hirakata H, Onoyama K, Iseki K, et al. Worsening of anemia induced by long-term use of captopril in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 1984;4:355-60
    • (1984) Am J Nephrol , vol.4 , pp. 355-360
    • Hirakata, H.1    Onoyama, K.2    Iseki, K.3
  • 41
    • 0025973391 scopus 로고
    • Enalapril-associated anemia in renal transplant recipients treated for hypertension
    • Vlahakos DV, Canzanello VJ, Madaio MP, et al. Enalapril-associated anemia in renal transplant recipients treated for hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17:199-205
    • (1991) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.17 , pp. 199-205
    • Vlahakos, D.V.1    Canzanello, V.J.2    Madaio, M.P.3
  • 42
    • 0024994966 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on haemoglobin and serum erythropoietin in patients with chronic nephropathy
    • Kamper A-L, Nielsen OJ. Effect of enalapril on haemoglobin and serum erythropoietin in patients with chronic nephropathy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990;50:611-8
    • (1990) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.50 , pp. 611-618
    • Kamper, A.-L.1    Nielsen, O.J.2
  • 43
    • 0030027331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline
    • Azizi M, Rousseau A, Ezan E, et al. Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. J Clin Invest 1996;97:839-44
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 839-844
    • Azizi, M.1    Rousseau, A.2    Ezan, E.3
  • 44
    • 0031970298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose enalapril impairs the response to erythropoietin treatment in haemodialysis patients
    • Albitar S, Genin R, Fen-Chong M, et al. High dose enalapril impairs the response to erythropoietin treatment in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13:1206-10
    • (1998) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.13 , pp. 1206-1210
    • Albitar, S.1    Genin, R.2    Fen-Chong, M.3
  • 45
    • 0029128155 scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitors do not increase r-HuEPO response in patients with end-stage renal failure
    • Sanchez JA. ACE inhibitors do not increase r-HuEPO response in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10:1476-7
    • (1995) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.10 , pp. 1476-1477
    • Sanchez, J.A.1
  • 46
    • 38549108917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olin BR, editor. Drug facts and comparisons. St. Louis: J.B. Lippincott and Co, 1992. pp.62-6
    • Olin BR, editor. Drug facts and comparisons. St. Louis: J.B. Lippincott and Co, 1992. pp.62-6
  • 47
    • 0036849549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues related to iron replacement in chronic kidney disease
    • Agarwal R, Warnock D. Issues related to iron replacement in chronic kidney disease. Semin Nephrol 2002;22:479-87
    • (2002) Semin Nephrol , vol.22 , pp. 479-487
    • Agarwal, R.1    Warnock, D.2
  • 48
    • 0033981609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental iron use in the management of anemia in end-stage renal disease patients
    • Bailie GR, Johnson CA, Mason NA. Parental iron use in the management of anemia in end-stage renal disease patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;35:1-12
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1-12
    • Bailie, G.R.1    Johnson, C.A.2    Mason, N.A.3
  • 49
    • 0023939763 scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of total dose intravenous infusion of iron dextran
    • Auerbach M, Witt D, Toler W, et al. Clinical use of total dose intravenous infusion of iron dextran. J Lab Clin Med 1988;111:566-70
    • (1988) J Lab Clin Med , vol.111 , pp. 566-570
    • Auerbach, M.1    Witt, D.2    Toler, W.3
  • 50
    • 0036233761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium ferric gluconate complex in hemodialysis patient: Adverse reactions compared to placebo and iron dextran
    • Michael B, Coyne DW, Fishbance S, et al. Sodium ferric gluconate complex in hemodialysis patient: adverse reactions compared to placebo and iron dextran. Kidney Int 2002;61:1830-9
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.61 , pp. 1830-1839
    • Michael, B.1    Coyne, D.W.2    Fishbance, S.3
  • 51
    • 0033932809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of iron sucrose in patients sensitive to iron dextran: North American clinical trial
    • Van Wyck DB, Cavallo G, Spinowitz BS, et al. Safety and efficacy of iron sucrose in patients sensitive to iron dextran: North American clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36:88-97
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.36 , pp. 88-97
    • Van Wyck, D.B.1    Cavallo, G.2    Spinowitz, B.S.3
  • 52
    • 0036881075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin in patients undergoing dialysis
    • Allon M, Kleinman K, Walczyk M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of darbepoetin alfa and epoetin in patients undergoing dialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:546-55
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.72 , pp. 546-555
    • Allon, M.1    Kleinman, K.2    Walczyk, M.3
  • 53
    • 0036280663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients
    • Nissenson AR, Swan SK, Lindberg JS, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;40:110-8
    • (2002) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.40 , pp. 110-118
    • Nissenson, A.R.1    Swan, S.K.2    Lindberg, J.S.3
  • 54
    • 33750501617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of darbepoetin alfa administered once monthly for the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease not receiving dialysis
    • Agarwal AK, Silver MR, Reed JE, et al. An open-label study of darbepoetin alfa administered once monthly for the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease not receiving dialysis. J Intern Med 2006;260:577-85
    • (2006) J Intern Med , vol.260 , pp. 577-585
    • Agarwal, A.K.1    Silver, M.R.2    Reed, J.E.3
  • 55
    • 33846032712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicare and erythropoietin
    • Steinbrook R. Medicare and erythropoietin. N Engl J Med 2007;356:4-6
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 4-6
    • Steinbrook, R.1
  • 56
    • 0345305418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consideration in darbepoetin alfa cost and reimbursement: A model for pharmacy managers
    • Anderson ER, Gibson G. Consideration in darbepoetin alfa cost and reimbursement: a model for pharmacy managers. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:119S-24
    • (2003) Pharmacotherapy , vol.23
    • Anderson, E.R.1    Gibson, G.2
  • 57
    • 0036730960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming barriers to erythropoietic therapy
    • Glapsy JA. Overcoming barriers to erythropoietic therapy. Oncology 2002;16:S71-7
    • (2002) Oncology , vol.16
    • Glapsy, J.A.1
  • 58
    • 27344439248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darbepoetin Alfa therapeutic interchange protocol for anemia in dialysis
    • Brophy DF, Ripley E, Kockler DR, et al. Darbepoetin Alfa therapeutic interchange protocol for anemia in dialysis. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:1808-11
    • (2005) Ann Pharmacother , vol.39 , pp. 1808-1811
    • Brophy, D.F.1    Ripley, E.2    Kockler, D.R.3
  • 59
    • 84860289020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenwood Village, CO, USA. Available from, Last accessed 9 Aug 2006
    • Micromedex® Healthcare Series. Thomson Micromedex, Greenwood Village, CO, USA. Available from http://www.thomsonhc.com [Last accessed 9 Aug 2006]
    • Micromedex® Healthcare Series. Thomson Micromedex
  • 60
    • 38549140504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2006 Drug Topics Red Book. Montvale, MJ: Thomson PDR, 2006
    • 2006 Drug Topics Red Book. Montvale, MJ: Thomson PDR, 2006


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.