Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and antimalarial drug development

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 779-789

  Beutler, Ernest ^a   Duparc, Stephan ^b   Doumbo, Ogobara ^c   Ghosh, Kanjaksha ^d   De Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes ^e   Lapierre, Didier ^f   Looareesuwan, Sornchai ^g   Premji, Zulfiqarali ^h   Vulliamy, Tom ⁱ   Whitty, Christopher ^j  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b International Center Cointrin   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BAMAKO   (Mali)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY   (India)

^e Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas   (Brazil)

^f GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

^g MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^h MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

ⁱ IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^j LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTESUNATE PLUS CHLORPROGUANIL PLUS DAPSONE; CHLOROQUINE; FURAZOLIDONE; ISOBUTYL NITRITE; NALIDIXIC ACID; NAPHTHALENE; NIRIDAZOLE; NITROFURANTOIN; PHENAZOPYRIDINE; PHENYLHYDRAZINE; PRIMAQUINE; QUININE; SUCCIMER; SULFACETAMIDE; SULFANILAMIDE; SULFAPYRIDINE; THIAZOSULFONE; TOLONIUM CHLORIDE; URATE OXIDASE; AMINOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; PAMAQUINE;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; GENOTYPE; GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; HEALTH STATUS; HEMOLYSIS; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; MALARIA; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PLASMODIUM; PREVALENCE; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; BLOOD; DRUG EFFECT; ENZYMOLOGY; METABOLISM;

AMINOQUINOLINES; ANTIMALARIALS; GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; HEMOLYSIS; HUMANS; MALARIA;

EID: 38449090020     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.779     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Cordes W, 1926. Experiences with plasmochin in malaria (preliminary reports). Medical Department, Fifteenth Annual Report. Boston: United Fruit Company, 66.
2. Beutler E, 1980. The red cell: a tiny dynamo. Wintrobe M, ed. Blood Pure and Eloquent. New York: McGraw-Hill, 141.
3. Dern RJ, Weinstein IM, Leroy GV, Talmage DW, Alving AS, 1954. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. I. The localization of the drug-induced hemolytic defect in primaquine-sensitive individuals. J Lab Clin Med 43: 303-309.
4. Beutler E, 1957. The glutathione instability of drug-sensitive red cells; a new method for the in vitro detection of drug sensitivity. J Lab Clin Med 49: 84-95.
5. Carson PE, Flanagan CL, Ickes CE, Alving AS, 1956. Enzymatic deficiency in primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes. Science 124: 484-485.
6. Beutler E, 1994. G6PD deficiency. Blood 84: 3613-3636.
7. Beutler E, Dern RJ, Alving AS, 1955. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. VI. An in vitro test for sensitivity of erythrocytes to primaquine. J Lab Clin Med 45: 40-50.
8. Luzzatto L, 2006. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: from genotype to phenolype. Haematologica 91: 1303-1306.
9. Pai GS, Sprenkle JA, Do TT, Mareni CE, Migeon BR, 1980. Localization of loci for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and biochemical evidence of nonrandom X chromosome expression from studies of a human X-autosome translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 2810-2813.
10. Chen EY, Cheng A, Lee A, Kuang WJ, Hillier L, Green P, Schlessinger D, Ciccodicola A, d'Urso M, 1991. Sequence of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cloned in plasmids and a yeast artificial chromosome. Genomics 10: 792-800.
11. Martini G, Toniolo D, Vulliamy T, Luzzatto L, Dono R, Viglietto G, Paonessa G, d'Urso M, Persico MG, 1986. Structural analysis of the X-linked gene encoding human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. EMBO J 5: 1849-1855.
12. Beutler E, Vulliamy TJ, 2002. Hematologically important mutations: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Blood Cells Mol Dis 28: 93-103.
13. Beutler E, Yeh M, Fairbanks VF, 1962. The normal human female as a mosaic of X-chromosome activity: studies using the gene for C-6-PD-deficiency as a marker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 48: 9-16.
14. Cappadoro M, Giribaldi G, O'Brien E, Turrini F, Mannu F, Ulliers D, Simula G, Luzzatto L, Arese P, 1998. Early phagocytosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum may explain malaria protection in G6PD deficiency. Blood 92: 2527-2534.
15. Huheey JE, Martin DL, 1975. Malaria, favism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Experientia 31: 1145-1147.
16. Ruwende C, Hill A, 1998. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria. J Mol Med 76: 581-588.
17. Ruwende C, Khoo SC, Snow RW, Yates SN, Kwiatkowski D, Gupta S, Warn P, Allsopp CE, Gilbert SC, Peschu N, 1995. Natural selection of hemi- and heterozygoses for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria. Nature 376: 246-249.
18. Friedman MJ, Trager W, 1981. The biochemistry of resistance to malaria. Sci Am 244: 158-164.
19. Roth E Jr, Schulman S, 1988. The adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to oxidative stress in G6PD deficient human erythrocytes. Br J Haematol 70: 363-367.
20. Badens C, Martinez di Montemuros F, Thuret I, Michel G, Mattel JF, Cappellini MD, Lena-Russo D, 2000. Molecular basis of haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency in the Comorian population. Hematol J 1: 264-268.
21. Guindo A, Fairhurst R, Doumbo O, Wellems T, Diallo D, 2007. X-linked G6PD deficiency protects hemizygous males but not heterozygous females against severe malaria. PLoS Med 4: e66.
22. May J, Meyer CG, Grossterlinden L, Ademowo OG, Mockenhaupt FP, Olumese PE, Falusi AG, Luzzatto L, Bienzle U, 2000. Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and pyruvate kinase activity in a Nigerian population. Trop Med Int Health 5: 119-123.
23. de Araujo C, Migot-Nabias F, Guitard J, Pelleau S, Vulliamy T, Ducrocq R, 2006, The role of the G6PD AEth376G/968C allele in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the seerer population of Senegal. Haematologica 91: 262-263.
24. Louicharoen C, Nuchprayoon I, 2005. G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) is the most common G6PD-deficient variant in the Cambodian population. J Hum Genet 50: 448-452.
25. Matsuoka H, Nguon C, Kanbe T, Jalloh A, Sato H, Yoshida S, Hirai M, Arai M, Socheat D, Kawamoto F, 2005. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in Cambodia: G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) is the most common variant in the Cambodian population. J Hum Genet 50: 468-472.
26. Yan T, Cai R, Mo O, Zhu D, Ouyang H, Huang L, Zhao M, Huang F, Li L, Liang X, Xu X, 2006. Incidence and complete molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region of southern China: description of four novel mutations. Haematologica 91: 1321-1328.
27. Iwai K, Hirono A, Matsuoka H, Kawamoto F, Horie T, Lin K, Tantular IS, Dachlan YP, Notopuro H, Hidayah NI, Salim AM, Fujii H, Miwa S, Ishii A, 2001. Distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations in southeast Asia. Hum Genet 108: 445-449.
28. Ainoon O, Yu YH, Amir Muhriz AL, Boo NY, Cheong SK, Hamidah NH, 2003. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in Malaysian Malays. Hum Mutat 21: 101.
29. Nuchprayoon I, Sanpavat S, Nuchprayoon S, 2002. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in Thailand: G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) is the most common deficiency variant in the Thai population. Hum Mutat 19: 185.
30. Laosombat V, Sattayasevana B, Janejindamai W, Viprakasit V, Shirakawa T, Nishiyama K, Matsuo M, 2005. Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in the south of Thailand and identification of a novel variant (G6PD Songklanagarind). Blood Cells Mol Dis 34: 191-196.
31. Sukumar S, Mukherjee MB, Colah RB, Mohanty D, 2004. Molecular basis of G6PD deficiency in India. Blood Cells Mol Dis 33: 141-145.
32. Hamel AR, Cabral IR, Sales TS, Costa FF, Olalla Saad ST, 2002. Molecular heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency in an Amazonian population and description of four new variants. Blood Cells Mol Dis 28: 399-406.
33. Compri MB, Saad ST, Ramalho AS, 2000. Genelico-epidemiological and molecular investigation of G-6-PD deficiency in a Brazilian community. Cad Saude Publica 16: 335-342.
34. Arambula E, Aguilar LJ, Vaca G, 2000. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations and haplotypes in Mexican Mestizos. Blood Cells Mol Dis 26: 387-394.
35. Noori-Daloii MR, Najafi L, Mohammad Ganji S, Hajebrahimi Z, Sanati MH, 2004. Molecular identification of mutations in G6PD gene in patients with favism in Iran. J Physiol Biochem 60: 273-277.
36. Daar S, Vulliamy TJ, Kaeda J, Mason PJ, Luzzatto L, 1996. Molecular characterization of G6PD deficiency in Oman. Hum Hered 46: 172-176.
37. Al-Ali AK, Al-Mustafa ZH, Al-Madan M, Qaw F, Al-Ateeq S, 2002. Molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Clin Chem Lab Med 40: 814-816.
38. Bouanga JC, Mouele R, Prehu C, Wajcman H, Feingold J, Galacteros F, 1998. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and homozygous sickle cell disease in Congo. Hum Hered 48: 192-197.
39. Duflo B, Diallo A, Toure K, Soula G, 1979. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Mali. Epidemiology and pathological aspects. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 72: 258-264.
40. Davis JC, Clark TD, Kemble SK, Talemwa N, Njama-Meya D, Staedke SG, Dorsey G, 2006. Longitudinal study of urban malaria in a cohort of Ugandan children: description of study site, census and recruitment. Malar J 5: 18.
41. Migot-Nabias F, Mombo LE, Luty AJ, Dubois B, Nabias R, Bisseye C, Millet P, Lu CY, Deloron P, 2000. Human generic factors related to susceptibility to mild malaria in Gabon. Genes Immun I: 435-441.
42. Mombo LE, Ntoumi F, Bisseye C, Ossari S, Lu CY, Nagel RL, Krishnamoorthy R, 2003. Human genetic polymorphisms and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese schoolchildren. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 186-190.
43. Beutler E, Kuhl W, Vives-Corrons JL, Prchal JT, 1989. Molecular heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase A. Blood 74: 2550-2555.
44. Luzzatto L, 1973. Studies of polymorphic traits for the characterization of populations. African populations soulh of the Sahara. Isr J Med Sci 9: 1181-1194.
45. Bhasin M, 2006. Genetics of castes and tribes of India: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and abnormal haemoglobins (HbS and HbE). Int J Hum Genet 6: 49-72.
46. Gupte SC, Shaw AN, Shah KC, 2005. Hematological findings and severity of G6PD deficiency in Vataliya Prajapati subjects. J Assoc Physicians India 53: 1027-1030.
47. Seth PK, Seth S, 1971. Biogenetical studies of Nagas: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Angami Nagas. Hum Biol 43: 557-561.
48. Balgir R, Dash B, Murmu B, 2004. Blood groups, hemoglobinopathy and G-6-PD deficiency: investigations among fifteen major scheduled tribes of Orissa, India. Anthropologist 6: 69-75.
49. Mohanty D, Mukherjee MB, Colah RB, 2004. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in India. Indian J Pediatr 71: 525-529.
50. Chalvam R, Mukherjee MB, Colah RB, Mohanty D, Ghosh K, 2007. G6PD Namoru (208 T - C) is the major polymorphic variant in the tribal populations in southern India. Br J Haematol 136: 512-513.
51. Beutler E, Kuhl W, Ramirez E, Lisker R, 1991. Some Mexican glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants revisited. Hum Genet 86: 371-374.
52. Vives Corrons JL, Pujades A, 1982. Heterogeneity of "Mediter" ranean type" glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Spain and description of two new variants associated with favism. Hum Genet 60: 216-221.
53. Duncan IW, Scott EM, Wright RC, 1974. Gene frequencies of erythrocytic enzymes of Alaskan Eskimos and Athabaskan Indians. Am J Hum Genet 26: 244-246.
54. Weimer TA, Salzano FM, Westwood B, Beutler E, 1993. Molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants from Brazil. Hum Biol 65: 41-47.
55. Hilmi FA, Al-AUawi NA, Rassam M, Al-Shamma G, Al-Hashimi A, 2002. Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in Iraq. East Mediterr Health J 8: 42-48.
56. Usanga EA, Ameen R, 2000. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Kuwait, Syria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan and Lebanon. Hum Hered 50: 158-161.
57. Samuel AP, Saha N, 1986. Distribution of red cell G6PD and 6PGD phenotypes in Saudi Arabia. Trop Geogr Med 38: 287-291.
58. el-Hazmi MA, al-Swailem A, Warsy AS, 1995. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sickle cell genes in Bisha. J Trop Pediatr 41: 225-229.
59. Turan Y, 2006. Prevalence of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the population of western Turkey. Arch Med Res 37: 880-882.
60. White JM, Byrne M, Richards R, Buchanan T, Katsoulis E, Weerasingh K, 1986. Red cell genetic abnormalities in Peninsular Arabs: sickle haemoglobin, G6PD deficiency, and alpha and beta thalassaemia. J Med Genet 23: 245-251.
61. Al-Riyami AA, Suleiman AJ, Afifi M, Al-Lamki ZM, Daar S, 2001. A community-based study of common hereditary blood disorders in Oman. East Mediterr Health J 7: 1004-1011.
62. Al-Riyami A, Ebrahim GJ, 2003. Genetic Blood Disorders Survey in the Sultanate of Oman. J Trop Pediatr 49 (Suppl 1): i1-20.
63. Kurdi-Haidar B, Mason PJ, Berrebi A, Ankra-Badu G, al-Ali A, Oppenheim A, Luzzatto L, 1990. Origin and spread of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G6PD-Mediterranean) in the Middle East. Am J Hum Genet 47: 1013-1019.
64. Burka E, Weaver Z III, Marks P, 1966. Clinical spectrum of hemolytic anemia associated with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann Intern Med 64: 817-825.
65. Balaka B, Agbere D, Bonkoungou P, Gnamey D, Kessie K, Assimadi K, 2003. Post-hemolytic renal failure in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at the University Hospital Center in Lome. Med Trop (Mars) 63: 151-154.
66. Beutler E, 1996. G6PD: population genetics and clinical manifestations. Blood Rev 10: 45-52.
67. Au SW, Gover S, Lam VM, Adams MJ, 2000. Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: the crystal structure reveals a structural NADP(+) molecule and provides insights into enzyme deficiency. Structure 8: 293-303.
68. Beutler E, 1991. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. N Engl J Med 324: 169-174.
69. Hirono A, Kuhl W, Gelbart T, Forman L, Fairbanks VF, Beutler E, 1989. Identification of the binding domain for NADP+ of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by sequence analysis of mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 10015-10017.
70. Wang XT, Lam VM, Engel PC, 2006. Functional properties of two mutants of human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, R393G and R393H, corresponding to the clinical variants G6PD Wisconsin and Nashville. Biochim Biophys Acta 1762: 767-774.
71. Gomez-Gallego F, Garrido-Pertierra A, Mason PJ, Bautista JM, 1996. Unproductive folding of the human G6PD-deficient variant A. FASEB J 10: 153-158.
72. Beutler E, 1983. Selectivity of proteases as a basis for tissue distribution of enzymes in hereditary deficiencies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3767-3768.
73. Vulliamy TJ, d'Urso M, Battistuzzi G, Estrada M, Foulkes NS, Martini G, Calabro V, Poggi V, Giordano R, Town M, 1988. Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5171-5175.
74. Dern RJ, Beutler E, Alving AS, 1954. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. II. The natural course of the hemolytic anemia and the mechanism of its self-limited character. J Lab Clin Med 44: 171-176.
75. Beutler E, 2006. Disorders of red cells resulting from enzyme abnormalities. Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Seligsohn U, Kaushansky K, Prchal J, eds. Williams Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 603-631.
76. Beutler E, 2006. Red blood cell enzymopathies. Young NS, Gerson SL, High KA, eds. Clinical Hematology. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 308-314.
77. Myat Phone K, Myint O, Aung N, Aye Lwin H, 1994. The use of primaquine in malaria infected patients with red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Myanmar. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25: 710-713.
78. Buchachart K, Krudsood S, Singhasivanon P, Treeprasertsuk S, Phophak N, Srivilairit S, Chalermrut K, Rattanapong Y, Supeeranuntha L, Wilairatana P, Brittenham G, Looareesuwan S, 2001. Effect of primaquine standard dose (15 mg/day for 14 days) in the treatment of vivax malaria patients in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32: 720-726.
79. Alloueche A, Bailey W, Barton S, Bwika J, Chimpeni P, Falade CO, Fehintola FA, Horton J, Jaffar S, Kanyok T, Kremsner PG, Kublin JG, Lang T, Missinou MA, Mkandala C, Oduola AM, Premji Z, Robertson L, Sowunmi A, Ward SA, Winstanley PA, 2004. Comparison of chlorproguanil-dapsone with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young African children: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 363: 1843-1848.
80. Hirayama K, 2002. Genetic factors associated with development of cerebral malaria and fibrotic schistosomiasis. Korean J Parasitol 40: 165-172.
81. Ekvall H, Arese P, Turrini F, Ayi K, Mannu F, Premji Z, Bjorkman A, 2001. Acute haemolysis in childhood falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 611-617.
82. Lefrancois G, Bouvet E, le Bras J, Vroklans M, Simonneau M, Vachon F, 1982. Anti-erythrocyte autoimmunisation during chronic falciparum malaria. Lancet 1: 280-281.
83. Ritter K, Kuhlencord A, Thomssen R, Bommer W, 1993. Prolonged haemolytic anaemia in malaria and autoantibodies against triosephosphate isomerase. Lancet 342: 1333-1334.
84. Abdalla S, Weatherall DJ, 1981. Anti-erythrocyte autoimmunization during chronic falciparum malaria. Lancet 2: 930-931.
85. Beutler E, Dern RJ, Alving AS, 1954. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. III. A study of primaquine-sensitive erythrocytes. J Lab Clin Med 44: 177-184.
86. Beutler E, Dern RJ, Flanagan CL, Alving AS, 1955. The hemolytic effect of primaquine. VII. Biochemical studies of drug-sensitive erythrocytes. J Lab Clin Med 45: 286-295.
87. Szeinberg A, Marks PA, 1961. Substances stimulating glucose catabolism by the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway in human erythrocytes. J Clin Invest 40: 914-924.
88. Welt SI, Jackson EH, Kirkman HN, Parker JC, 1971. The effects of certain drugs on the hexose monophosphate shunt of human red cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 179: 625-635.
89. Gaetani GD, Mareni C, Ravazzolo R, Salvidio E, 1976. Haemolytic effect of two sulphonamides evaluated by a new method. Br J Haematol 32: 183-191.
90. Bloom KE, Brewer GJ, Magon AM, Wetterstroem N, 1983. Microsomal incubation test of potentially hemolytic drugs for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Pharmacol Ther 33: 403-409.
91. Gaetani G, Salvidio E, Pannacciulli I, Ajmar F, Paravidino G, 1970. Absence of hemolytic effects of L-DOPA on transfused G6PD-deficient erythrocytes. Experientia 26: 785-786.
92. Ali NA, al-Naama LM, Khalid LO, 1999. Haemolytic potential of three chemotherapeutic agents and aspirin in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. East Mediterr Health J 5: 457-464.
93. Liu TZ, Lin TF, Hung IJ, Wei JS, Chiu DT, 1994. Enhanced susceptibility of erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to alloxan/glutathione-induced decrease in red cell deformability. Life Sci 55: PL55-PL60.
94. Degowin RL, Eppes RB, Powell RD, Carson PE, 1966. The haemolytic effects of diaphenylsulfone (DDS) in normal subjects and in those with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull World Health Organ 35: 165-179.
95. Gurbuz N, Aksu TA, van Noorden CJ, 2005. Biochemical and cytochemical evaluation of heterozygote individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Histochem 107: 261-267.
96. Diallo DA, Doumbo OK, Plowe CV, Wellems TE, Emanuel EJ, Hurst SA, 2005. Community permission for medical research in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 41: 255-259.
97. Beutler E, Blume KG, Kaplan JC, Lohr GW, Ramot B, Valentine WN, 1979. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology: recommended screening test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. Br J Haematol 43: 465-467.
98. Beutler E, Mitchell M, 1968. Special modifications of the fluorescent screening method for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Blood 32: 816-818.
99. Meissner PE, Coulibaly B, Mandi G, Mansmann U, Witte S, Schiek W, Muller O, Heiner Schirmer R, Mockenhaupt FP, Bienzle U, 2005. Diagnosis of red cell G6PD deficiency in rural Burkina Faso: comparison of a rapid fluorescent enzyme test on filter paper with polymerase chain reaction based genotyping. Br J Haematol 131: 395-399.
100. Zaffanello M, Rugolotto S, Zamboni G, Gaudino R, Tato L, 2004. Neonatal screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency fails to detect heterozygote females. Eur J Epidemiol 19: 255-257.
101. Fairbanks VF, Fernandez MN, 1969. The identification of metabolic errors associated with hemolytic anemia. JAMA 208: 316-320.
102. de Leon J, Susce MT, Murray-Carmichael E, 2006. The AmpliChip CYP450 genotyping test: integrating a new clinical tool. Mol Diagn Ther 10: 135-151.
103. Bang-Ce Y, Hongqiong L, Zhensong L, 2004. Rapid detection of common Chinese glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations by microarray-based assay. Am J Hematol 76: 405-412.
104. Chokshi D, Thera M, Parker M, Diakite M, Makani J, Kwiatkowski DP, Doumbo OK, 2007. Valid consent for genomic epidemiology in developing countries. PLoS Med 4: e95.
105. Beutler E, Gelbart T, Kuhl W, 1990. Interference of heparin with the polymerase chain reaction. Biotechniques 9: 166.
106. Chaisomchit S, Wichajarn R, Chowpreecha S, Chareonsiriwatana W, 2003. A simple method for extraction and purification of genomic DNA from dried blood spots on filter paper. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34: 641-645.
107. Chaisomchit S, Wichajarn R, Janejai N, Chareonsiriwatana W, 2005. Stability of genomic DNA in dried blood spots stored on filter paper. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 270-273.
108. Lai SK, Yow CM, Benzie IF, 1999. Interference of Hb-H disease in automated reticulocyte counting. Clin Lab Haematol 21: 261-264.
109. Beutler E, 2006. Preservation and clinical use of erythrocytes and whole blood. Lichtman M, Beutler E, Kipps T, Seligsohn U, Kaushansky K, Prchal J, eds. Williams Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2159-2173.
110. Corash L, Spielberg S, Bartsocas C, Boxer L, Steinherz R, Sheetz M, Egan M, Schlessleman J, Schulman JD, 1980. Reduced chronic hemolysis during high-dose vitamin E administration in Mediterranean-type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. N Engl J Med 303: 416-420.
111. al-Rimawi HS, al-Sheyyab M, Batieha A, el-Shanti H, Abuekteish F, 1999. Effect of desferrioxamine in acute haemolytic anaemia of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Haematol 101: 145-148.
112. Khalifa AS, el-Alfy MS, Mokhtar G, Fakeir AA, Khazbak MA, el-Baz F, el-Kholy M, 1989. Effect of desferrioxamine B on hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Acta Haematol 82: 113-116.