White voters and African American candidates for congress

Political Behavior

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-25

  Highton, Benjamin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Black; Congress; Elections; Voting

Indexed keywords

EID: 3843125365     PISSN: 01909320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:POBE.0000022341.98720.9e     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adolph, Christopher, and King, Gary (2003). Analyzing second-stage ecological regressions: comment on Herron and Shotts. Political Analysis 11: 65-76.
2. Adolph, Christopher, and King, Gary, with Herron, Michael C., and Shotts, Kenneth W. (2003). A consensus on second-stage analyses in ecological inference models. Political Analysis 11: 86-94.
3. Amer, Mildred L. (2001). Black members of the United States Congress: 1789-2001. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
4. Becker, John F., and Heaton, Eugene E., Jr. (1967). The election of Senator Edward Brooke. Public Opinion Quarterly 31: 346-358.
5. Berinsky, Adam J. (1999). The two faces of public opinion. American Journal of Political Science 43: 1209-1230.
6. Bositis, David A. (1998). The future of majority-minority districts and black and His-panic legislative representation. In David A. Bositis (ed.), Redistricting and Minority Representation: Learning from the Past, Preparing for the Future, pp. 9-42. Washington: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies.
7. Bullock, Charles S., III (1975). The election of blacks in the South: preconditions and consequences. American Journal of Political Science 19: 727-739.
8. Bullock, Charles S., III. (2000). Partisan changes in the southern congressional delegation and the consequences. In David W. Brady, John F. Cogan, and Morris Fiorina (eds.), Continuity and Change in House Elections, pp. 39-64. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. Bullock, Charles S., III, and Dunn, Richard E. (1999). The demise of racial districting and the future of black representation. Emory Law Journal 48: 1209-1253.
10. Cameron, Charles, Epstein, David, and O'Halloran, Sharyn (1996). Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in Congress. American Political Science Review 90: 794-812.
11. Canon, David T. (1999). Race, Redistricting, and Representation: The Unintended Consequences of Black Majority Districts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Carmines, Edward G., and Stimson, James A. (1989). Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
13. Cho, Wendy K. Tam (1998). If the assumption fits ...: a comment on the King ecological inference solution. Political Analysis 7: 143-163.
14. Citrin, Jack, Green, Donald Philip, and Sears, David O. (1990). White reactions to black candidates: when does race matter? Public Opinion Quarterly 54: 74-96.
15. Epstein, David, and O'Halloran, Sharyn (1999a). Measuring the electoral and policy impact of majority-minority voting districts. American Journal of Political Science 43: 367-395.
16. Epstein, David, and O'Halloran, Sharyn (1999b). A social science approach to race, redistricting, and representation. American Political Science Review 93: 187-191.
17. Gay, Claudine (1999). Choosing sides: black electoral success and racially polarized voting. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Atlanta.
18. Gilens, Martin (1996). Race and poverty in America: public misperceptions and the American news media. Public Opinion Quarterly 60: 515-541.
19. Grieco, Elizabeth M., and Cassidy, Rachel C. (2001). Overview of race and Hispanic origin: Census 2000 brief. U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau.
20. Grofman, Bernard, and Handley, Lisa (1989). Black representation: making sense of electoral geography at different levels of government. Legislative Studies Quarterly 14: 265-279.
21. Grofman, Bernard, Handley, Lisa, and Lublin, David (2001). Drawing effective minority districts: a conceptual framework and some empirical evidence. North Carolina Law Review 79: 1381-1430.
22. Hajnal, Zoltan (2001). White residents, black incumbents, and a declining racial divide. American Political Science Review 95: 603-617.
23. Handley, Lisa, Grofman, Bernard, and Arden, Wayne (1998). Electing minority-preferred candidates to legislative office: the relationship between minority percentages in districts and the election of minority-preferred candidates. In Bernard Grofman (ed.), Race and Redistricting in the 1990s, pp. 13-38. New York: Agathon Press.
24. Herron, Michael C., and Shotts, Kenneth W. (2003a). Cross-contamination in EI-R: Reply. Political Analysis 11: 77-85.
25. Herron, Michael C., and Shotts, Kenneth W. (2003b). Using ecological inference point estimates as dependent variables in second-stage linear regressions. Political Analysis 11: 44-64.
26. Jacobson, Gary C. (2001). The Politics of Congressional Elections, 5th ed.. New York: Longman.
27. Jones, Charles E., and Clemons, Michael L. (1993). A model of racial crossover voting: an assessment of the Wilder victory. In Georgia Persons (ed.), Dilemmas of Black Politics: Issues of Leadership and Strategy, pp. 128-146. New York: HarperCollins.
28. Key, V. O. (1949). Southern Politics in State and Nation. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
29. King, Gary (1997). A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
30. Lublin, David (1995). Race, representation, and redistricting. In Paul E. PetersonO (ed.), Classifying by Race, pp. 111-128. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
31. Lublin, David (1997). The Paradox of Representation: Racial Gerrymandering and Minority Interests in Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32. Lublin, David (1999). Racial redistricting and African-American representation: A critique of 'Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in Congress?' American Political Science Review 93: 183-186.
33. Lublin, David, and Voss, D. Stephen (2000). Racial redistricting and realignment in southern state legislatures. American Journal of Political Science 44: 792-810.
34. Moskowitz, David, and Stroh, Patrick (1994). Psychological sources of electoral racism. Political Psychology 15: 307-329.
35. Piliawsky, Monte (1989). Racial politics in the 1988 presidential election. The Black Scholar 20: 1-11.
36. Reeves, Keith (1997). Voting Hopes or Fears? White Voters, Black Candidates and Racial Politics in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Rivers, Douglas (1998). A solution to the ecological inference problem: reconstructing individual behavior from aggregate data. American Political Science Review 92: 442-443.
38. Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. American Sociological Review 15: 351-357.
39. Sigelman, Carol K., Sigelman, Lee, Walkosz, Barbara J., Nitz, Michael (1995). Black candidates, white voters: understanding racial bias in political perceptions. American Journal of Political Science 39: 243-265.
40. Sonenshein, Raphael J. (1990). Can black candidates win statewide elections. Political Science Quarterly 105: 219-241.
41. Strickland, Ruth Ann, and Whicker, Marcia Lynn (1992). Comparing the Wilder and Gantt campaigns: a model for black candidate success in statewide elections. PS: Political Science and Politics 25: 204-212.
42. Swain, Carol M. (1995). Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress, enlarged edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
43. Terkildsen, Nayda (1993). When white voters evaluate black candidates: the processing implications of candidate skin color, prejudice, and self-monitoring. American Journal of Political Science 37: 1032-1053.
44. Thernstrom, Stephan, and Thernstrom, Abigail (1997). America in Black and White. New York: Touchstone.
45. Traugott, Michael W., and Price, Vincent (1992). Exit polls in the 1989 Virginia gubernatorial race: where did they go wrong? Public Opinion Quarterly 56: 245-253.
46. Voss, D. Stephen (1999). Racial redistricting and the quest for legislative diversity. American Political Science Association Legislative Studies Section Newsletter. July.
47. Voss, D. Stephen, and Lublin, David (2001). Black incumbents, white districts: an appraisal of the 1996 congressional elections. American Politics Research 29: 141-182.