The association between refractive cutoffs for spectacle provision and visual improvement among school-aged children in South Africa

British Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 92, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 13-18

  Congdon, Nathan G ^a   Patel, Nita ^b   Esteso, Paul ^c   Chikwembani, Florence ^d   Webber, Fiona ^d   Msithini, Robert Bongi ^d   Ratcliffe, Amy ^e  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b HELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d Vision Care   (South Africa)

^e DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASTIGMATISM; CHILD; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HYPERMETROPIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYOPIA; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REFRACTION ERROR; REFRACTION INDEX; RURAL AREA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECTACLES; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; URBAN AREA; VISUAL ACUITY; EYE REFRACTION; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; METHODOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; STATISTICS; UTILIZATION REVIEW; VISION TEST;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; EYEGLASSES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REFRACTION, OCULAR; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; RURAL HEALTH; URBAN HEALTH; VISION SCREENING; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 38349178626     PISSN: 00071161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.122028     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Naidoo KS, Raghunandan A, Mashige KP, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in African children in South Africa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3764-70.
2. Goh PP, Abqariyah Y, Pokharel GP, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, Malaysia. Ophthalmology 2005;112:678-85.
3. He M, Zeng J, Liu Y, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in urban children in southern China. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:793-9.
4. Maul E, Barroso S, Munoz SR, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from La Florida, Chile. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:445-54.
5. Castanon Holguin AM, Congdon N, Patel N, et al. Factors associated with spectacle-wear compliance in school-aged Mexican children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:925-8.
6. http://www.aao.org/education/library/ppp/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/ security/getfile.cfm&PageID=1290 (accessed 1 Nov 2006).
7. Brinkhoff T. 2005 Aug 23. City population.http://www. citypopulation.de/SouthAfrica-UA.html (accessed 28 Feb 2006).
8. Pillay P. Secondary cities and economic development in South Africa. http://www.ksp.org.za/holores_seccity4.htm (accessed 28 Feb 2006).
9. Robaei D, Kifley A, Rose KA, et al. Refractive error and patterns of spectacle use in 12-year-old Australian children. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1567-73.
10. Harvey EM, Dobson V, Miller JM. Prevalence of high astigmatism, eyeglass wear, and poor visual acuity among Native American grade school children. Optom Vis Sci 2006;83:206-12.
11. Chuka-Okosa CM. Refractive errors among students of a postprimary institution in a rural community in south-eastern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2005;24:62-5.
12. Wedner SH, Ross DA, Balira R, et al. Prevalence of eye diseases in primary school children in a rural area of Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:1291-7.
13. Esteso P, Castanon A, Toledo S, et al. Correction of modest amounts of myopia is associated with significant improvement in self-reported visual function among school-aged children in Oaxaca, Mexico. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. In press.
14. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd9.htm (accessed 1 Nov 2006).
15. Attebo K, Ivers RQ, Mitchell P. Refractive errors in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1066-72.
16. Wensor M, MacCarty CA, Taylor HR. Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Victoria, Australia. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:658-63.
17. Wang Q, Klein BE, Klein R, et al. Refractive status in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:4344-7.
18. Katz J, Tielsch JM, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:334-40.
19. Kempen JH, Mitchell P, Lee KE, et al. The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:495-505. Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1314.
20. Zadnik K, Mutti DO, Adams AJ. The repeatability of measurement of the ocular components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:2325-33.
21. Goss DA, Grosvenor T. Reliability of refraction - a literature review. J Am Optom Assoc 1996;67:619-30.
22. Smith G. Refraction and visual acuity measurements: what are their measurement uncertainties? Clin Exp Optom 1006;89:66-72.