Magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the interaction between two interplanetary magnetic clouds and its consequent geoeffectiveness

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 112, Issue 11, 2007, Pages

  Xiong, Ming ^a,b   Zheng, Huinan ^a,b   Wu, S T ^c   Wang, Yuming ^a   Wang, Shui ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38349105651     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012320     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Baker, D. N. (2002), How to cope with space weather, Science, 297, 1486-1487.
2. Berdichevsky, D. B., I. G. Richardson, R. P. Lepping, and S. F. Martin (2005), On the origin and configuration of the 20 March 2003 interplanetary shock and magnetic cloud at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09105, doi:10.1029/2004JA010662.
3. Burlaga, L. F. (1988), Magnetic clouds and force-free fields with constant alpha, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7217-7224.
4. Burlaga, L. F., E. Sittler, F. Mariani, and R. Schwenn (1981), Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: Voyager, Helios, and IMP 8 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6673-6684.
5. Burlaga, L. F., S. P. Plunkett, and O. C. S. Cyr (2002), Successive CMEs and complex ejecta, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A10), 1266, doi:10.1029/2001JA000255.
6. Burton, R. K., R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell (1975), An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4204-4214.
7. Chen, J. (1996), Theory of prominence eruption and propagation: Interplanetary consequence, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27, 499-27, 519.
8. Collier, M. R., R. P. Lepping, and D. B. Berdichevsky (2007), A statistical study of interplanetary shocks and pressure pulses internal to magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06102, doi:10.1029/2006JA011714.
9. Dal Lago, A., et al. (2006), The 17-22 October (1999) solar-interplanetarygeomagnetic event: Very intense geomagnetic storm associated with a pressure balance between interplanetary coronal mass ejection and a high-speed stream, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S14, doi:10.1029/ 2005JA011394.1
10. Detman, T., Z. Smith, M. Dryer, C. D. Fry, C. N. Arge, and V. Pizzo (2006), A hybrid heliospheric modeling system: Background solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07102, doi:10.1029/2005JA011430.
11. Dryer, M., C. D. Fry, W. Sun, C. Deehr, Z. Smith, S.-I. Akasofu, and M. D. Andrews (2001), Prediction in real time of the 2000 July 14 heliospheric shock wave and its companions during the "Bastille" epoch, Sol. Phys., 204, 267-286.
12. Dryer, M., Z. Smith, C. D. Fry, W. Sun, C. S. Deehr, and S.-I. Akasofu (2004), Real time shock arrival predictions during the "Halloween 2003 epoch," Space Weather, 2, S09001, doi:10.1029/2004SW000087.
13. Farrugia, C. J., and D. B. Berdichevsky (2004), Evolutionary signatures in complex ejecta and their driven shocks, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3679-3698.
14. Farrugia, C. J., L. F. Burlaga, V. A. Osherovich, I. G. Richardson, M. P. Freeman, R. P. Lepping, and A. J. Lazarus (1993), A study of an expanding interplanetary magnetic cloud and its interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere: The interplanetary aspect, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7621-7632.
15. Farrugia, C. J., V., K. Jordanova, M. F. Thomsen, G. Lu, S. W. H. Cowley, and K. W. Ogilvie (2006), A two-ejecta event associated with a two-step geomagentic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11104, doi:10.1029/ 2006JA011893.
16. Feng, X., and X. Zhao (2006), A new prediction method for the arrival time of interplanetary shocks, Sol. Phys., 238, 167-186.
17. Fisher, G. (2004), Challenges facing the U.S. space weather public-private sector partnership, Space Weather, 2, S04003, doi:10.1029/2003SW000060.
18. Forbes, T. G., et al. (2006), CME theory and models, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 251-302.
19. Fry, C. D., W. Sun, C. S. Deehr, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, S.-I. Akasofu, M. Tokumaru, and M. Kojima (2001), Improvements to the HAF solar wind model for space weather predictions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20, 985-21, 001.
20. Fry, C. D., M. Dryer, W. Sun, C. S. Deehr, Z. Smith, T. R. Detman, A. Aran, D. Lario, B. Sanahuja, and S.-I. Akasofu (2005), Key links in space weather: Forecasting solar-generated shocks and proton acceleration, AIAA. J., 43, 987-993.
21. Gonzalez, W. D., B. T. Tsurutani, and A. L. C. Gonzalez (1999), Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms, Space Sci. Rev., 88, 529-562.
22. Gonzalez-Esparza, A., A. Santillan, and J. Ferrer (2004), A numerical study of the interaction between two ejecta in the interplanetary medium: One-and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3741-3749.
23. Gonzalez-Esparza, J. A. (2005), Numerical simulations of in situ observations of interacting ejecta near 1 AU, Adv. Space Res., 35, 2162-2166.
24. Gopalswamy, N., A. Lara, R. P. Lepping, M. L. Kaiser, D. Berdichevsky, and O. C. S. Cyr (2000), Interplanetary acceleration of coroanl mass ejections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 145-148.
25. Gopalswamy, N., A. Lara, S. Yashiro, M. L. Kaiser, and R. A. Howard (2001a), Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29, 207-29, 218.
26. Gopalswamy, N., S. Yashiro, M. L. Kaiser, R. A. Howard, and J. L. Bougeret (2001b), Radio signatures of coronal mass ejection interaction: coronal mass ejection cannibalism?, Astrophys. J., 548, L91-L94.
27. Gosling, J. T., D. J. McComas, J. L. Phillips, and S. J. Bame (1991), Geomagnetic activity associated with Earth passage of interplanetary shock disturbances and coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7831-7839.
28. Groth, C. P. T., D. L. De Zeeuw, T. I. Gombosi, and K. G. Powell (2000), Global three-dimensional MHD simulation of a space weather event: CME formation, interplanetary propagation, and interaction with the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 25,053-25,078.
29. Hayashi, K., X. P. Zhao, and Y. Liu (2006), MHD simulation of two successive interplanetary disturbances driven by cone-model parameters in IPS-based solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20103, doi:10.1029/2006GL027408.
30. Hu, Y. Q., S. R. Habbal, Y. Chen, and X. Li (2003), Are coronal holes the only source of fast solar wind at solar minimum?, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A10), 1377, doi:10.1029/2002JA009776.
31. Huttunen, K. E. J., R. Schwenn, V. Bothmer, and H. E. J. Koskinen (2005), Properties and geoeffectiveness of magnetic clouds in the rising, maximum and early declining phases of solar cycle 23, Ann. Geophys., 23, 625-641.
32. 2 keV electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1911-1914.
33. Lugaz, N., W. B. Manchester IV, and T. I. Gombosi (2005), Numerical simulation of the interaction of two coronal mass ejections from Sun to Earth, Astrophys. J., 634, 651-662.
34. Lugaz, N., W. B. Manchester IV, I.I. Roussev, G. Toth, and T. I. Gombosi (2007), Numerical investigation of the homologous CME events from active region 9236, Astrophys. J., 659, 788-800.
35. Lundquist, S. (1950), Magnetohydrodynamic fields, Ark. Fys, 2, 361 -365.
36. Manchester, W. B., T. I. Gombosi, I. Roussev, A. Ridley, D. L. De Zeeuw, I. V. Sokolov, K. G. Powell, and G. Toth (2004), Modeling a space weather event from the Sun to the Earth: CME generation and interplanetary propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A02107, doi:10.1029/2003JA010150.
37. McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P., M. Dryer, M. D. Kartalev, Z. Smith, C. D. Fry, W. Sun, C. S. Deehr, K. Kecskemety, and K. Kudela (2006), Near real-time predictions of the arrival at Earth of flare-related shocks during Solar Cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11103, doi:10.1029/2005JA011162.
38. Odstreil, D., M. Vandas, V. J. Pizzo, and P. MacNeice (2003), Numerical simulation of interacting magnetic flux ropes, in Solar Wind Ten, edited by M. Velli, R. Bruno, and F. Malara, AIP Conf. Proc., 679, 699-702.
39. Odstrcil, D., P. Riley, and X. P. Zhao (2004a), Numerical simulation of the 12 May 1997 interplanetary CME event, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A02116, doi:10.1029/2003JA010135.
40. Odstrcil, D., V. J. Pizzo, J. A. Linker, P. Riley, R. Lionello, and Z. Mikic (2004b), Initial coupling of coronal and heliospheric numerical magnetohydrodynamic codes, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1311-1320.
41. Odstrcil, D., V. J. Pizzo, and C. N. Arge (2005), Propagation of the 12 May 1997 interplanetary coronal mass ejection in evolving solar wind structures, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A02106, doi:10.1029/2004JA010745.
42. Owens, M. J., V. J. Merkin, and P. Riley (2006), A kinematically distorted flux rope model for magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03104, doi:10.1029/2005JA011460.
43. Richardson, I. G., and H. V. Cane (2004), The fraction of interplanetary coronal mass ejections that are magnetic clouds: Evidence for a solar cycle variation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18804, doi:10.1029/2004GL020958.
44. Richardson, I. G., and H. V. Cane (2005), A survey of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the near-Earth solar wind during 1996-2005, in Solar Wind 11, edited by B. Fleck et al., Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA SP-592, 755.
45. Schmidt, J. M., and P. J. Cargill (2003), Magnetic reconnection between a magnetic cloud and the solar wind magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A1), 1023, doi:10.1029/2002JA009325.
46. Schmidt, J. M., and P. J. Cargill (2004), A numerical study of two interacting coronal mass ejections, Ann. Geophys., 22, 2245-2254.
47. Shen, S., X. Feng, S. T. Wu, and C. Xiang (2007), Three-dimensional MHD simulation of CMEs in three-dimensional background solar wind with the self-consistent structure on the source surface as input: Numerical simulation of the January 1997 Sun-Earth connection event, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06109, doi:10.1029/2006JA012164.
48. Smart, D. F., and M. A. Shea (1985), A simplified model for timing the arrival of solar flare-initiated shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 183-190.
49. Smith, Z., and M. Dryer (1990), MHD study of temporal and spatial evolution of simulated interplanetary shocks in the ecliptic plane within 1 AU, Sol. Phys., 129, 387-405.
50. Toth, G., et al. (2005), Space Weather Modeling Framework: A new tool for the space science commnunity, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12226, doi:10.1029/2005JA011126.
51. Tsurutani, B. T. W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, S.-I. Akasofu, and E. J. Smith (1988), Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic fields responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978-1979), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8519-8531.
52. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, and T. Detman (1995), Simulation of magnetic cloud propagation in the inner heliosphere in two dimensions: 1. A loop perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,285-12,292.
53. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, and T. Detman (1996), Simulation of magnetic cloud propagation in the inner heliosphere in two dimensions: 2. A loop parrallel to the ecliptic plane and the role of helicity, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2505-2510.
54. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, T. Detman, and A. Geranios (1997), MHD simulation of an interaction of a shock wave with a magnetic cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,295-22,300.
55. Vandas, M., D. Odstrcil, and S. Watari (2002), Three-dimensional MHD simulation of a loop-like magnetic cloud in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A9), 1236, doi:10.1029/2001JA005068.
56. Wang, A. H., S. T. Wu, and N. Gopalswamy (2005), Magnetohydrodynamic analysis of January 20, 2001, CME-CME interaction event, in Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Plasmas: Geospace and Beyond, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 156, edited by D. Gallagher et al., pp. 185-195, AGU, Washington, D. C.
57. Wang, Y. M. (2003), Comprehensive studies on magnetic clouds in interplanetay space and their associated events, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Sci. and Technol. of China, Anhui, China.
58. Wang, Y. M., S. Wang, and P. Z. Ye (2002), Multiple magnetic clouds in interplanetary space, Sol. Phys., 211, 333-344.
59. Wang, Y. M., S. Wang, and P. Z. Ye (2003a), Multiple magnetic clouds: Several examples during March-April, 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A10), 1370, doi:10.1029/2003JA009850.
60. Wang, Y. M., P. Z. Ye, S. Wang, and X. H. Xue (2003b), An interplanetary cause of large geomagnetic storms: Fast forward shock overtaking preceding magnetic cloud, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(13), 1700, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL016861.
61. t, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2039, doi:10.1029/2003GL017901.
62. Wang, Y. M., P. Z. Ye, S. Wang, and M. Xiong (2003d), Theoretical analysis on the geoeffectiveness of a shock overtaking a preceding magnetic cloud, Solar Phys., 216, 295-310.
63. Wang, Y. M., P. Z. Ye, S. Wang, and H. N. Zheng (2004) MHD simulation of the propagtion and evolution of multiple magnetic clouds in the heliosphere, paper presented at 35th Scientific Assembly, COSPAR, Paris, France.
64. Wang, Y. M., H. N. Zheng, S. Wang, and P. Z. Ye (2005), MHD simulation of formation and propagation of multiple magnetic clouds in the heliosphere, Astron. Astrophys., 434, 309-316.
65. Wei, F. S., R. Liu, Q. Fan, and X. Feng (2003a), Identification of the magnetic cloud boundary layers, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A6), 1263, doi:10.1029/2002JA009511.
66. Wei, F. S., R. Liu, X. Feng, D. Zhong, and F. Yang (2003b), Magnetic structures inside boundary layers of magnetic clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2283, doi:10.1029/2003GL018116.
67. Wei, F. S., X. Feng, F. Yang, and D. Zhong (2006), A new non-pressurebalanced structure in interplanetary space: Boundary layers of magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03102, doi:10.1029/2005JA011272.
68. Wu, C.-C., and R. P. Lepping (2002a), Effect of solar wind velocity on magnetic cloud-associated magnetic storm intensity, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A11), 1346, doi:10.1029/2002JA009396.
69. Wu, C.-C., and R. P. Lepping (2002b), Effects of magnetic clouds on the occurrence of geomagnetic storms: The first 4 years of Wind, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A10), 1314, doi:10.1029/2001JA000161.
70. Wu, C.-C., R. P. Lepping, and N. Gopalswamy (2003), Variations of magnetic clouds and CMEs with solar activity cycle, in Proceedings of ISCS 2003 Symposium, "Solar Variability as an Input to the Earth's Environment, " edited by A. Wilson, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ, ESA SP-535, 429-432.
71. Wu, C.-C., S. T. Wu, and M. Dryer (2004a), Evolution of fast and slow shock interactions in the inner heliosphere, Sol. Phys., 223, 259-282.
72. Wu, C.-C., M. Dryer, and S. T. Wu (2004b), Temporal evolution of slow shock interactions in the solar wind, paper presented at 35th Scientific Assembly, COSPAR, Paris, France.
73. Wu, C.-C., C. D. Fry, D. Berdichevsky, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, and T. Detman (2005a), Predicting the arrival time of shock passages at Earth, Sol. Phys., 227, 371-386.
74. Wu, C.-C., C. D. Fry, B. J. Thompson, S. T. Wu, M. Dryer, and K. Liou (2005b), Three-dimensional global simulation of CME/ICME/Shock propagation from Sun to the heliosphere, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract SH14A-03.
75. Wu, C. C., et al. (2005c), Flare-generated shock evolution and geomagnetic storms during the "Halloween 2003 epoch": 29 October to 2 November, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A09S17, doi:10.1029/2005JA011011.
76. Wu, C.-C., R. P. Lepping, and N. Gopalswamy (2006a), Relationships among magnetic clouds, CMEs, and geomagnetic storms, Sol. Phys., 239, 449-460.
77. Wu, C.-C., C. Fry, S. T. Wu, M. Dryer, B. Thompson, K. Liou, and X. S. Feng (2006b), The evolution and interaction of multiple coronal mass ejections, paper presented at 36th Scientific Assembly, COSPAR, Beijing, China.
78. Wu, C.-C., X. S. Feng, S. T. Wu, M. Dryer, and C. D. Fry (2006c), Effects of the interaction and evolution of interplanetary shocks on "background" solar wind speeds, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A12104, doi:10.1029/2006JA011615.
79. Wu, C.-C., S. Wu, M. Dryer, C. Fry, D. Berdichevsky, Z. Smith, and T. Detman (2007a), The evolution of shocks nearthe surface of Sun during the epoch of Halloween 2003, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 69, 91 -100.
80. Wu, C.-C., C. D. Fry, S. T. Wu, M. Dryer, and K. Liou (2007b), Three-dimensional global simulation of interplanetary coronal mass ejection propagation from Sun to the heliosphere: Solar event of 12 May 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A09104, doi:10.1029/2006JA012211.
81. Wu, C.-C., C. Fry, M. Dryer, S. Wu, B. Thompson, K. Liou, and X. Feng (2007c), Three-dimensional global simulation of multiple ICMEs' interaction and propagation from the Sun to me heliosphere following the 25-28 October 2003 solar events, Adv. Space Res., in press.
82. Wu, S. T., A. H. Wang, and D. A. Falconer (2005), A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of active region evolution, in Coronal and Stellar Mass Ejection, IAU Symposium Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 226, 13-17 September, Beijing, edited by K. Dere, J. Wang, and Y. Yan, pp. 291-301, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
83. Wu, S. T., A. H. Wang, Y. Liu, and J. T. Hoeksema (2006), Data-driven magnetohydrodynamic model for active region evolution, Astrophys. J., 652, 800-811.
84. Xie, H., N. Gopalswamy, P. K. Manoharan, A. Lara, S. Yashiro, and S. Lepri (2006), Long-lived geomagnetic storms and coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A01103, doi:10.1029/2005JA011287.
85. Xiong, M., H. N. Zheng, Y. M. Wang, X. R. Fu, S. Wang, and X. K. Dou (2005), A numerical simulation on the solar-terrestrial transit time of successive CMEs during November 4-5, 1998, Chin. J. Geophys., 48, 805-813.
86. Xiong, M., H. N. Zheng, Y. M. Wang, and S. Wang (2006a), Magnetohydrodynamic simulation of die interaction between interplanetary strong shock and magnetic cloud and its consequent geoeffectiveness, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A08105, doi:10.1029/2005JA011593.
87. Xiong, M., H. N. Zheng, Y. M. Wang, and S. Wang (2006b), Magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the interaction between interplanetary strong shock and magnetic cloud and its consequent geoeffectiveness: 2. Oblique collision, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A11102, doi:10.1029/2006JA011901.
88. Xue, X. H., Y. M. Wang, P. Z. Ye, S. Wang, and M. Xiong (2005), Analysis on the interplanetary causes of the great magnetic storms in solar maximum (2000-2001), Planet. Space Sci., 53, 443-457.
89. Zhang, J., et al. (2007), Solar and interplanetary sources of major geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ -100 nT) during 1996-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A10102, doi:10.1029/2007JA012321.