Biogeography, community structure and biological habitat types of subtidal reefs on the South Island West Coast, New Zealand

Science for Conservation

Volumn , Issue 281, 2007, Pages 1-53

  Shears, Nick T ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Biogeographic classification; Coastal reef fish; Habitat mapping; Macro algae; Marine protected areas; Marine reserves; Mobile macroinvertebrates; New Zealand; Reef biodiversity; Seaweeds

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL REEF; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT TYPE; MACROINVERTEBRATE; MARINE PARK; NATURE CONSERVATION; PROTECTED AREA; SEAWEED; SUBTIDAL ENVIRONMENT;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND; SOUTH ISLAND; WEST COAST [SOUTH ISLAND];

ALGAE; ECHINOIDEA; INVERTEBRATA; PISCES; XENOSTROBUS;

EID: 38349092373     PISSN: 11732946     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Anderson, M.J. 2002: DISTLM v2: a FORTRAN computer program to calculate a distance based multivariate analysis for a linear model. Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, 9 p.
2. Anderson, M.J. 2003: PCO: a FORTRAN computer program for principal coordinate analysis. Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Available from www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~mja (accessed September 2006). 7 p.
3. Anderson, Mj.; Willis, T.J. 2003: Canonical analysis of principal coordinates: an ecologically meaningful approach for constrained ordination. Ecology 84: 511-525.
4. Andrew, N.L.; Choat, J.H. 1982: The influence of predation and conspecific adults on the abundance of juvenile Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea: Echinometridae). Oecologia 54: 80-87.
5. Ayling, A.M. 1981: The role of biological disturbance in temperate subtidal encrusting communities. Ecology 62: 830-847.
6. Bustamante, R.H.; Branch, G.M. 1996: Large-scale patterns and trophic structure of southern African rocky shores - the roles of geographic variation and wave exposure. Journal of Biogeography 23: 339-351.
7. Choat, J.H.; Schiel, D.R. 1982: Patterns of distribution and abundance of large brown algae and invertebrate herbivores in subtidal regions of northern New Zealand. Journal of Experimental Marine Biologv & Ecology 60: 129-162.
8. Clarke, K.R.; Warwick, R.M. 1994: Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, UK. 144 p.
9. Commonwealth-of-Austratia 2006: A Guide to the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia Version 4.0. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra, Australia. www.environment.gov.au/ coasts/mbp/pubtications/pubs/imcra4.pdf.
10. Connor, D.W. 1997: Marine Biotope Classification for Britain and Ireland. Joint Nature Conservation Review, Peterborough, UK.
11. DOC (Department of Conservation); MfE (Ministry for the Environment) 2000: The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: our chance to turn the tide. Department of Conservation and Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. 145 p. Available from www.biodiversity.govt.nz (accessed September 2006).
12. DOC (Department of Conservation); MfE (Ministry for the Environment) 2007: Marine Protected Areas - draft classification and protection standard. www.biodiversity.govt.nz/pdf/ MPA-Draft-protection-and-classitication-system.pdf (accessed October 2007).
13. Edgar, G.J.; Banks, S.; Farina, J.M.; Calvopina, M.; Martinez, C. 2004: Regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro-invertebrate communities in the Galapagos archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 31: 1107-1124.
14. Edgar, G.J.; Moverley, J.; Barrett, N.S.; Peters, D.; Reed, C. 1997: The conservation-related benefits of a systematic marine biological sampling programme - the Tasmanian reef bioregionalisation as a case study. Biological Conservation 79: 227-240.
15. Gorman, R.M.; Bryan, K.R.; Laing, A.K. 2003: Wave bindcast for the New Zealand region: nearshore validation and coastal wave climate. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37: 567-588.
16. King, K.J.; Bailey, K.N.; Clark, M.R. 1985: Coastal and marine ecological areas of New Zealand: a preliminary classification for conservation purposes. Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand. Information Series No 15/1985. 47 p.
17. Knox, G.A. 1975: The marine benthic ecology and biogeography. Pp. 353-403 in Kuschel, G. (Ed.): Biogeography and ecology in New Zealand. Monographiae Biologicae, Dr W. Junk, The Hague.
18. Larson, G.L.; Buktenica, M.W. 1998: Variability of secchi disk readings in an exceptionally clear and deep Caldera Lake. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 141: 377-388.
19. Lourie, S.A.; Vincent, A.C.J. 2004: Using biogeography to help set priorities in marine conservation. Conservation Biology 18, 1004-1020.
20. McArdle, B.H.; Anderson, M.J. 2001: Fitting multivariate models to community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology 82: 290-297.
21. Menge, B.A.; Daley; B.A.; Lubchenco, J.; Sanford, E.; Dahlhoff, E.; Halpin, P.M.; Hudson, G.; Burnaford, J.L. 1999: Top-down and bottom-up regulation of New Zealand rocky intertidal communities. Ecological Monographs 69: 297-330.
22. Menge, B.A.; Lubchenco, J.; Bracken, M.E.S.; Chan, F.; Foley, M.M.; Freidenburg, T.L.; Gaines, S.D.; Hudson, G.; Krenz, C.; Leslie, H.; Menge, D.N.L.; Russell, R.; Webster, M.S. 2003: Coastal oceanography sets the pace of rocky intertidal community dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100: 12229-12234.
23. Menge, B.A.; Sutherland, J.P. 1987: Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130: 730-757.
24. Moore, L.B. 1949: The marine algal provinces of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 77: 187-189.
25. Morton, J. 2004: Seashore ecology of New Zealand and the Pacific. David Bateman. Auckland.
26. Neale, D.; Nelson, W. 1998: Marine algae of the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Tubinga 10: 87-118.
27. Nelson, W.A.; Villouta, E.; Neill, K.F.; Williams, G.C.; Adams, N.M.; Slivsgaard, R. 2002: Marine macroalgae of Fiordland, New Zealand. Tubinga 13: 117-152.
28. Parsons, D.M.; Shears, N.T.; Babcock, R.C.; Haggitt, T.R. 2004: Fine-scale habitat change in a marine reserve, mapped using radio-acoustically positioned video transects. Marine & Freshwater Research 55: 257-265.
29. Phillips, N.E.; Shima, J.S. 2006: Differential effects of suspended sediments on larval survival and settlement of New Zealand urchins Evechinus chloroticus and abalone Haliotis iris. Marine Ecology Progress Series 314: 149-158.
30. Rilov, G.; Schiel, D.R. 2006: Seascape-dependent subtidal-intertidal trophic linkages. Ecology 87: 731-744.
31. Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Paulin, C.D.; Neale, D. 2005: Regional diversity and biogeography of coastal fishes on the West Coast South Island of New Zealand. Science for Conservation 250. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 70 p.
32. Schiel, D.R. 1990: Macroalgal assemblages in New Zealand: structure, interactions and demography. Hydrobiologia 192: 59-76.
33. Schiel, D.R. 2004: The structure and replenishment of rocky shore intertidal communities and biogeographic comparisons. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology 300. 309-342.
34. Schiel, D.R.; Hickford, MJ.H. 2001: Biological structure of nearshore rocky subtidal habitats in southern New Zealand. Science for Conservation 182. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 54 p.
35. Shears, N.T.; Babcock, R.C. 2002: Marine reserves demonstrate top-down control of community structure on temperate reefs. Oecologia 132: 131-142.
36. Shears, N.T.; Babcock, R.C. 2007: Quantitative description of mainland New Zealand's shallow subtidal reef communities. Science for Conservation 280. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 126 p.
37. Shears, N.T.; Babcock, R.C.; Duffy, C.A.J.; Walker, J.W. 2004: Validation of qualitative habitat descriptors commonly used to classify subtidal reef assemblages in northeastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 38: 743-752.
38. Shears, N.T.; Smith, F.; Babcock, R.C.; Duffy, C.A.J.; Villouta, E. in press: Evaluation of biogeographic classification schemes for conservation planning: application to New Zealand's coastal marine environment. Conservation Biology.
39. Siddon, C.E.; Witman, J.D. 2003: Influence of chronic, low-level hydrodynamic forces on subtidal community structure. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 261: 99-110.
40. Stanton, B.R. 1973: Hydrological investigations around northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 7: 85-110.
41. Steneck, R.S.; Graham, M.H.; Bourque, B.J.; Corbett, D.; Erlandson, J.M.; Estes, J.A.; Tegner, M.J. 2002: Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental Conservation 29: 436-459.
42. Villouta, E.; Chadderton, W.L.; Pugsley, C.W.; Hay, C.H. 2001: Effects of sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) grazing in Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Fresbwater Research 35: 1007-1024.
43. Walker, J.W. in press: Effects of sediment on settlement and survival of juvenile sea urchins (Evecchinus chloroticus). Marine Ecology Progress Series.
44. Ward, T.J.; Vanderlkift, M.A.; Nicholls, A.O.; Kenchington, R.A. 1999: Selecting marine reserves using habitats and species assemblages as surrogates for biological diversity. Ecological Applications 9: 691-698.
45. Wing, S.R.; Gibbs, M.T.; Lamare, M.D. 2003: Reproductive sources and sinks within a sea urchin, Evechinus chloroticus, population of a New Zealand fjord. Marine Ecology Progress Series 248: 109-123.