Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 993-1023

  Huang, Ronghui ^a   Chen, Jilong ^a   Huang, Gang ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Climate disaster; EAP pattern teleconnection; East Asian monsoon system; Persistent drought; Severe flood

Indexed keywords

EID: 38349074392     PISSN: 02561530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (142)

1. Anderson, D. L. T., and J. P. McCreary, 1985: Slowly propagating disturbances in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 615-629.
2. Bao, M., and R. H. Huang, 2006: Characteristics of the interdecadal variations of heavy rain over China in the last 40 years. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1057-1067. (in Chinese)
3. Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnection from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172.
4. Cai, R. S., J. L. Chen, and R. H. Huang, 2006: The response of marine environment in the offshore area of China and its adjacent ocean to recent global climate change. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1019-1033. (in Chinese)
5. Cane, M. A., and S. E. Zebiak, 1985: A theory of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Science, 228, 1085-1087.
6. Chang, C. P., J. Erickson, and L. M. Lau, 1979: Northeasterly cold surges and near-equatorial disturbances over the winter-MONEX area during 1974. Part I: Synoptic aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 812-829.
7. Chang, C. P., Y. S. Zhang, and T. Li, 2000: Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs. I.II. J. Climate, 13, 4310-4340.
8. Chao, J. P., and R. H. Zhang, 1988: The air-sea interaction waves in the tropics and their instability. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2, 275-287. (in Chinese)
9. Chao, J. P., S. Y. Yuan, Q. C. Chao, and J. W. Tian, 2002: A data analyses on the evolution of the El Ni/La Nicycle. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 20, 837-844.
10. Chao, J. P., S. Y. Yuan, Q. C. Chao, and J. W. Tian, 2003: The origin of warm sea water in the surface layer of the West Pacific warm pool-The analysis of the 1997/1998 El Nievent. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 145-151. (in Chinese)
11. Chen, J. L., and R. H. Huang, 2006: The comparison of climatological characteristics among Asian and Australian monsoon subsystem. Part I. The wind structure of summer monsoon. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1091-1102. (in Chinese)
12. Chen, J. L., and R. H. Huang, 2007: The comparison of climatological characteristics among Asian and Australian monsoon subsystems. Part II. Water vapor transport by summer monsoon. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 766-778. (in Chinese)
13. Chen, L. X., Q. G. Zhu, and H. B. Luo, 1991: East Asian Monsoon. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 362pp. (in Chinese)
14. Chen, L.X., X. J. Zhou, W. L. Li, Y. F. Luo, and W. Q. Zhu, 2004: Characteristics of the Climate Change and its formation mechanism in China during the last 80 years. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62, 634-646. (in Chinese)
15. Chen, W., 2002: The impact of El Niño and La Niña events on the East Asian winter and summer monsoon cycle. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 595-610. (in Chinese)
16. Chen, W., and Hans-F. Graf, 1998: The interannual variability of East Asian winter monsoon and its relationship to global circulation. Max-Planck-Institute fur Meteorologie, Report No. 250, 1-35.
17. Chen, W., Hans-F. Graf, and R. H. Huang, 2000: Interannual variability of East Asian winter monsoon and its relation to the summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 17, 48-60.
18. Chen, W., Hans-F. Graf, and M. Takahashi, 2002: Observed interannual oscillation of planetary wave forcing in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (22), 2073, doi:1029/2002 GL016062.
19. Chen, W., M. Takahashi, and Hans-F. Graf, 2003: Inter-annual variations of stationary planetary wave activity in the Northern winter troposphere and stratosphere and their relations to NAM and SST. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D24), 4797, doi:10.1029/2003HD003834.
20. Chen, W., and R. H. Huang, 2005: The three-dimensional propagation of quasi-stationary waves in the Northern Hemisphere winter and its interannual variations. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 139-146. (in Chinese)
21. Chen, W., S. Yang, and R. H. Huang, 2005: Relationship between stationary planetary wave activity and the East Asian winter monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D14110, doi:10.1029/2004JD5669.
22. Ding, Y. H., 1992: Summer monsoon rainfall in China. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 373-396.
23. Ding, Y. H., 1994: Monsoon over China. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 420pp.
24. Ding, Y. H., and C. He, 2006: The summer monsoon onset over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean: The earliest onset process of the Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 23, 940-950.
25. Fan, K., and H. J. Wang, 2004: Antarctic oscillation and the dust weather frequency in North China. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 410201, doi:10, 1029/2004GL019465.
26. Gong, D. Y., and C. Ho, 2003: Arctic Oscillation Signals in the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4066, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD002193.
27. Gong, D. Y. Wang, S. W., and J. H. Zhu, 2001: East Asian winter monsoon and Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2073-2076.
28. Goswami, B. N., G. X. Wu, and T. Yasunari, 2006: The annual cycle, intraseasonal oscillations, and road-block to seasonal predictability of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 19, 5078-5099.
29. Guo, Q. Y., 1983: The strength index of East Asian summer monsoon and its variation. Chinese J. Geograph. Soc., 38, 207-217. (in Chinese)
30. He, J. H., and J. J. Luo, 1999: Features of the South China Sea monsoon onset and Asian summer monsoon establishment sequence along with its individual mechanism. The Recent Advances in Asian Monsoon Research, He et al., Eds., China Meteorological Press, 74-81. (in Chinese)
31. Hsu, H. H., and S. M. Lin, 2007: Asymmetry of the tripole rainfall pattern during the East Asian summer. J. Climate, 20, 4443-4458.
32. Huang, G., 2004: An index measuring the interannual variation of the East Asian summer monsoon-The EAP index. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 41-52.
33. Huang, G., and L. T. Zhou, 2004: The variability of the wind system circulating round the west side of the Tibetan Plateau and its relation to the East Asian summer monsoon and summer rainfall in North China. Climatic and Environmental Research, 9, 316-330. (in Chinese)
34. Huang, R. H., 1984: The characteristics of the forced planetary wave propagations in the summer Northern Hemisphere. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 1, 85-94.
35. Huang, R. H., 1985: Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional teleconnections in the summer circulation over the Northern Hemisphere. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 2, 81-92.
36. Huang, R. H., 2001a: Progresses in the studies on the formation mechanism and prediction theory of severe climatic disasters in China. Basic Research in China, 4, 4-8. (in Chinese)
37. Huang, R. H., 2001b: Decadal variability of the summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia and its association with the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. CLIVAR Exchange, 2, 7-8.
38. Huang, R. H., 2004: Review of the studies on the formation mechanism of severe climatic disasters in China. Basic Research in China, 4, 6-13. (in Chinese)
39. Huang, R. H., 2006: Progresses in research on the formation mechanism and prediction theory of severe climatic disasters in China. Advances in Earth Sciences., 21, 564-575. (in Chinese)
40. Huang, R. H., and K. Gambo, 1982: The response of a hemispheric multi-level model atmosphere to forcing by topography and stationary heat sources. Parts I, II. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 78-108.
41. Huang, R. H., and K. Gambo, 1983a: The response of a hemispheric multi-level model atmosphere to forcing by topography and stationary heat sources in summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 61, 495-509.
42. Huang, R. H., and K. Gambo, 1983b: On other wave guide in stationary planetary wave propagations in the winter Northern Hemisphere. Science in China, 26, 940-950.
43. Huang, R. H., and W. J. Li, 1987: Influence of the heat source anomaly over the tropical western Pacific on the subtropical high over East Asia. Proc. Internal Conf. on the General Circulation of East Asia, Chengdu, April 10-15, 40-51.
44. Huang, R. H., and W. J. Li, 1988: Influence of the heat source anomaly over the tropical western Pacific on the subtropical high over East Asia and its physical mechanism. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 14, Special Issue, 95-107. (in Chinese)
45. Huang, R. H., and Y. F. Wu, 1989: The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanisms. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 6, 21-32.
46. Huang, R. H., and F. Y. Sun, 1992: Impact of the tropical western Pacific on the East Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70 (1B), 243-256.
47. Huang, R. H., and Y. F. Wu, 1992: Research on ENSO cycle dynamics. Proc. Oceanic Circulation Conf., Zeng et al., Eds., China Oceanological Press, Beijing, 41-51.
48. Huang, R. H., and F. Y. Sun, 1994: Impact of the thermal state and convective activities over the western Pacific warm pool on summer climate anomalies in East Asia. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 18, 262-272. (in Chinese)
49. Huang, R. H., and Y. F. Fu, 1996: The interaction between the East Asian monsoon and ENSO cycle. Climatic and Environmental Research, 1, 38-54. (in Chinese)
50. Huang, R. H., and L. T. Zhou, 2002: Research on the characteristics, formation mechanism and prediction of severe climate disasters in China. Journal of Natural Disasters, 11, 1-9. (in Chinese)
51. Huang, R. H., and L. Wang, 2006: Interdecadal variations of Asian winter monsoon and its association with the planetary wave activity. Proc. Symposium on Asian Monsoon, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4-7 April, 126.
52. Huang, R. H., Y. H. Xu, and P. F. Wang, 1998a: The features of the particularly severe flood over the Changjiang (Yangtze River) basin during the summer of 1998 and exploration of its cause. Climatic and Environmental Research, 3, 300-313. (in Chinese)
53. Huang, R. H., Z. Z. Zhang, G. Huang, and B. H. Ren, 1998b: Characteristics of the water vapor transport in East Asian monsoon region and its difference from that in South Asian monsoon region in summer. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 460-469. (in Chinese)
54. Huang, R. H, X. Y. Zang, R. H. Zhang, and J. L. Chen, 1998c: The westerly anomalies over the tropical Pacific and their dynamical effect on the ENSO cycles during 1980-1994. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 15, 135-151.
55. Huang, R. H., R. H. Zhang, and B. L. Yan, 1999a: Progresses in the studies on the interannual variability of East Asian climate system and problems to be studied further. Basic Research in China, 2, 66-73. (in Chinese)
56. Huang, R. H., Y. H. Xu, and L. T. Zhou, 1999b: The interdecadal variation of summer precipitations in China and the drought trend in North China. Plateau Meteorology, 18, 465-476. (in Chinese)
57. Huang, R. H., R. H. Zhang, and B. L. Yan, 2001: Dynamical effect of the zonal wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific on ENSO cycles. Science in China (Series D), 44, 1089-1098.
58. Huang, R. H., L. T. Zhou, and W. Chen, 2003: The progress of recent studies on the variabilities of the East Asian monsoon and their causes. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 20, 55-69.
59. Huang, R. H., G. Huang, and Z. G. Wei, 2004a: Climate variations of the summer monsoon over China. East Asian Monsoon, C. P. Chang Ed., World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 213-270.
60. Huang, R. H, W. Chen, B. L. Yan, and R. H. Zhang, 2004b: Recent advances in studies of the interaction between the East Asian winter and summer monsoon and ENSO cycle. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 407-424.
61. Huang, R. H., L. Gu, Y. H. Xu, Q. L. Zhang, S. S. Wu, and J. Cao, 2005: Characteristics of the interannual variations of onset and northward advance of the East Asian summer monsoon and their associations with thermal states of the tropical western Pacific. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 20-36. (in Chinese)
62. Huang, R. H., L. Gu, L. T. Zhou, and S. S. Wu, 2006a: Impact of the thermal state of the tropical western Pacific on onset date and process of the South China Sea summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 23, 909-924.
63. Huang, R. H., J. L. Chen, G. Huang, and Q. L. Zhang, 2006b: The quasi-biennial oscillation of summer monsoon rainfall in China and its cause. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 545-560. (in Chinese)
64. Huang, R. H., R. S. Cai, J. L. Chen, and L. T. Zhou, 2006c: Interdecadal variations of droughts and floodings in China and their association with the East Asian climate system. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 730-743. (in Chinese)
65. Huang, R. H., K. Wei, J. L. Chen, and W. Chen, 2007: Research on the East Asian winter monsoon anomalies in the winters of 2005 and 2006 and their relation to the quasi-stationary planetary wave activities over the Northern Hemisphere. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1033-1048. (in Chinese)
66. Kalnay, E. M., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
67. Kang, L., W. Chen, and K. Wei, 2006: The interdecadal variation of winter temperature in China and its relation to the anomalies in atmospheric general circulation. Climatic and Environmental Research, 11, 330-339. (in Chinese)
68. Krishnamurti, T. N., and Y. Ramanathan, 1982: Sensitivity of monsoon onset to differential heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1290-1306.
69. Kurihara, K., 1989: A climatological study on the relationship between the Japanese summer weather and the subtropical high in the western northern Pacific. Geophys. Mag., 43, 45-104.
70. Lau, K. M., and C. P. Chang, 1987: Planetary scale aspects of the winter monsoon and atmospheric teleconnections. Monsoon Meteorology, C. P. Chang and T. W. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 161-201.
71. Li, C. Y., 1988: The frequent actions of the East Asian trough and the occurrences of El Niño. Science in China (Series B), 667-674. (in Chinese)
72. Li, C. Y., 1990: Interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niño events. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 36-46.
73. Li, C. Y., and M. Q. Mu, 1999: The occurrence of El Niño event and the sea temperature anomalies in the subsurface of the West Pacific warm pool. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 513-521. (in Chinese)
74. Li, C. Y., and M. Q. Mu, 2000: ENSO - A cycle of the subsurface sea temperature anomaly in the tropical Pacific driven by the anomalous zonal wind over the equatorial western Pacific. Advances in Earth Science, 17, 631-638. (in Chinese)
75. Li, C., and M. Yanai, 1996: The onset and interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon in relation to land-sea thermal contrast. J. Climate, 9, 358-375.
76. Li, J., R. Yu, T. Zhou, and B. Wang, 2005: Why is there an early spring cooling shift downstream of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Climate, 18, 4660-4668.
77. Liang, J. Y., and S. S. Wu, 2002: A study of southwest monsoon onset date over the South China Sea and its impact factors. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 844-855. (in Chinese)
78. Lin, Z. D., and R. Y. Lu, 2005: Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 22, 199-211.
79. Lu, R. Y., 2001: Interannual variability of the summer-time North Pacific subtropical high and its relation to atmospheric convection over the warm pool. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 771-783.
80. Lu, R. Y., 2004: Association among the components of the East Asian summer monsoon system in the meridional direction. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 155-165.
81. Lu, R. Y., and R. H. Huang, 1996a: The transformed meridional circulation equation and its application to the diagnostic analysis of the blocking high formation. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 138-148. (in Chinese)
82. Lu, R. Y., and R. H. Huang, 1996b: Energetics examination of the blocking episodes in the Northern Hemisphere. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 270-278. (in Chinese)
83. Lu, R. Y., and R. H. Huang, 1998: Influence of East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern on the interannual variations of the blocking highs over the Northeastern Asia in summer. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 727-735. (in Chinese)
84. Lu, R. Y., and B. W. Dong, 2001: Westward extension of North Pacific subtropical high in summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 1229-1241.
85. Lu, R. Y., and B. J. Kim, 2004: The climatological Rossby wave source over the STCZs in the summer Northern Hemisphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 657-669.
86. Lu, R. Y., Y. S. Chung, and R. H. Huang, 1995: Interannual variations of the precipitation in Korea and the comparison with those in China and Japan. J. Korean Environmental Science. Soc., 4, 345-365.
87. Lu, R. Y., C. Ryu, and B. W. Dong, 2002a: Association between the western North Pacific monsoon and the South China Sea monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 12-24.
88. Lu, R. Y., J. H. Oh, and B. J. Kim, 2002b: A teleconnection pattern in upper-level meridional wind over the North African and Eurasian continent in summer. Tellus, 54A, 44-55.
89. Luo, H. B., and M. Yanai, 1984: The large-scale circulation and heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas during the early summer of 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1849-1853.
90. McBride, J. J., 1987: The Australian summer monsoon. Monsoon Meteorology, C. P. Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 203-232.
91. McCreary, J. P., 1983: A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 370-378.
92. McCreary, J. P., and D. L. T. Anderson, 1984: A simple model of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 934-946.
93. McCreary, J. P., and D. L. T. Anderson, 1991: An overview of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3125-3150.
94. Miao, J. H., and K. M. Lau, 1990: Interannual variability of the East Asian monsoon rainfall. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 1, 377-382. (in Chinese)
95. Mooley, D. A., and B. Parthasarathy, 1984: Fluctuations in all-India summer monsoon rainfall during 1871-1978. Climate Change, 6, 287-301.
96. Murakami, T., and J. Matsumoto, 1994: Summer monsoon over the Asian continent and western North Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 745-791.
97. Nan, S., and J. Li, 2003: The relationship between the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and the boreal spring Southern Hemisphere annual mode. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2266, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018381.
98. Nitta, T., 1983: Observational study of heat sources over the eastern Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 61, 590-605.
99. Nitta, T., 1987: Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64, 373-390.
100. Philander, S. G. H., 1981: The response of equatorial ocean to a relaxation of trade winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 176-189.
101. Ren, B. H., R. Y. Lu, and Z. N. Xiao, 2004: A possible linkage in the interdecadal variability of rainfall over North China and the Sahel. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 699-707.
102. Rodwell, M. J., and B. J. Hoskins, 1996: Monsoon and dynamics of deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Metor. Soc., 122, 1385-1404.
103. Schopf, P. S., and M. J. Suarez, 1988: Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 549-566.
104. Staff members of Academia Sinica, 1957: On the general circulation over Eastern Asia (I). Tellus, 9, 432-446.
105. Tao, S. Y., and L. X. Chen, 1985: The East Asian summer monsoon. Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East, Tokyo, 5-8 Nov., 1-11.
106. Tao, S. Y., and L. X. Chen, 1987: A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China. Monsoon Meteorology, C. P. Cheng and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 60-92.
107. Tao, S. Y., and J. Wei, 2006: The westward, northward advance of the subtropical high over the West Pacific in summer. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 17, 513-524. (in Chinese)
108. Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 1998: The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1297-1300.
109. Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annual modes in the extratropical circulation. Part 1: Month to-month variability. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016.
110. Tomas, R., and P. J. Webster, 1997: On the location of the intertropical convergence zone and near equatorial convection - The role of inertial instability. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1445-1482.
111. Tu, C. W., and S. S. Huang, 1944: The advance and retreat of the summer monsoon. Meteorological Magazine, 18, 1-20. (in Chinese)
112. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 reanalysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
113. Wang, B., H. Lin, Y. S. Zhang, and M, M. Lu, 2004: Definition of South China Sea monsoon onset and commencement of the East Asia summer monsoon. J. Climate, 17, 699-710.
114. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnection in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 748-812.
115. Webster, P. J., and S. Yang, 1992: Monsoon and ENSO: Selectively interactive system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 877-926.
116. Webster, P. J., V. O. Magana, T. B. Palmer, J. Shukla, R. A. Tomas, M. YanaP, and T. Yasunari, 1998: Monsoons: processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14451-14510
117. Wei, Z. G., and S. W. Luo, 1996: Impact of the snow cover in western China on the precipitation in China during the rainy season. Collected Papers of the Project "Disastrous Climate Prediction and Its Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources", II. Processes and Diagnosis of Disastrous Climate, Huang et al., Eds., China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 40-45 (In Chinese).
118. Wei, Z. G., R. H. Huang, and W. Chen, and W. J. Dong, 2002: Spatial distributions of interdecadal variations of the snow at the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 496-508. (in Chinese)
119. Wei, Z. G., R. H. Huang, and W. J. Dong, 2003: Interannual and interdecadal variations of air temperature and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 157-170. (in Chinese)
120. Wu, B. Y., and J. Wang, 2002: Winter Arctic Oscillation, Siberian high and East Asian winter monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (19), 1897, doi:10.1029/2002GL015373.
121. Wu, G. X., and Y. S. Zhang, 1997: Tibetan Plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 917-927.
122. Xie, P. A., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model prediction. J. Climate, 9, 804-858.
123. Xin, X., R. C. Yu, T. J. Zhou, and B. Wang, 2006: Drought in late spring of South China in recent decades. J. Climate, 19, 3197-3206.
124. Xue, F., H. J. Wang, and J. H. He, 2004: Interannual variability of Mascarene high and Australian high and their influence on East Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1173-1186.
125. Yang, S., and K. M. Lau, 1998: Influences of sea surface temperature and ground wetness on Asian monsoon. J. Climate, 11, 3230-3246.
126. Yang, S., K. M. Lau, and K. M. Kim, 2002: Variations of the East Asian jet stream and Asian-Pacific-American climate anomalies. J. Climate, 15, 306-325.
127. Yang, S., K. M. Lau, and S. H. Yoo, et al., 2004: Upstream subtropical signals proceeding the Asian summer monsoon circulation. J. Climate, 17, 4213-4229.
128. Yamagata, T., and Y. Matsumoto, 1989: A simple ocean-atmosphere coupled model for the origin of a warm El Niño/Southern Oscillation event. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, (A)329, 225-236.
129. Yasunari, T., and R. Suppiah, 1988: Some problems on the interannual variability of Indonesian monsoon rainfall. Tropical Rainfall Measurement, Theon and Fugono, Eds., Daepek, Hampton, Va., 113-132.
130. Yeh, T. C., D. Z. Ye, S. Y. Tao, and M. C. Li, 1959: The abrupt change of circulation over the Northern Hemisphere during June and October. The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion, 249-267.
131. Ye, D. Z., and Y. X. Gao, 1979: Tibetan Plateau Meteorology. Science Press, Beijing, 279pp. (in Chinese)
132. Yin, B. Y., L. Y. Wang, and R. H. Huang, 1996: Quasibiennial oscillation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia and its physical mechanism. Collected papers of the Project "Disastrous Climate Prediction and Its Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources", II. Processes and Diagnosis of Disastrous Climate, Huang et al. Eds., China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 196-205. (in Chinese)
133. Yu, R. C., and T. J. Zhou, 2004: Impacts of winter-NAO on March cooling trends over subtropical Eurasian continent in the recent half century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L12204, doi:10.1029/2004GL01984.
134. Yu, R. C., B. Wang, and T. J. Zhou, 2004: Tropospheric cooling and summer monsoon weakening trend over East Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22212, doi:10.1029/2004GL021270.
135. Zeng, Q. C., B. L. Zhang, and Y. L. Liang, 1994: East Asian summer monsoon - A case study. Proc. Indian National Science Academy, 60 (1), 81-96.
136. Zhang, Q., G. X. Wu, and Y. F. Qian, 2002: The bimodality of the 100 hPa South Asian high and its association on the climate anomaly over Asia in summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 733-744.
137. Zhang, R. H., 2001: Relations of water vapor transport from Indian monsoon with those over East Asia and the summer rainfall in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 18, 1005-1017.
138. Zhang, R. H., A. Sumi, and M. Kimoto, 1996: Impact of El Niño the East Asian monsoon: A diagnostic study of the 86/87 and 91/92 events. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 49-62.
139. Zhou, L. T., and R. H. Huang, 2003: Research on the characteristics of interdecadal variability of summer climate in China and its possible cause. Climatic and Environmental Research, 8, 274-290. (in Chinese)
140. Zhou, L. T., and R. H. Huang, 2006: Characteristics of the interdecadal variability of difference between surface temperature and surface air temperature in spring in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China and its impact on summer precipitation in North China. Climatic and Environmental Research, 11, 1-13. (in Chinese)
141. Zhou, T. J., and R. C. Yu, 2005: Atmospheric water vapor transport associated with typical anomalous summer rainfall patterns in China. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005413.
142. Zhu, K. E., 1934: Southeast monsoon and rainfall in China. Journal of Geographical Society, 1, 1-27. (in Chinese)