Schools as criminal "hot spots": Primary, secondary, and beyond

Criminal Justice Review

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 339-357

  Kautt, Paula M ^a   Roncek, Dennis W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA AT OMAHA   (United States)

Author keywords

Burglary; Hot spots; Police strategy; School crime; Spatial analysis; Tobit analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 38349038551     PISSN: 07340168     EISSN: 15563839     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0734016807311559     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Andresen, M.A. (2006). Crime measures and the spatial analysis of criminal activity. British Journal of Criminology, 46, 258-285.
2. Baumer, E., Horney, J., Felson, R.B., & Lauritsen, J.L. (2003). Neighborhood disadvantage and the nature of violence. Criminology, 41 (1). 39-71.
3. Braga, A.A. (2001). Effects of hot spots policing on crime. In D. P. Farrington & B. C. Welsh (Eds.), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (Vol. 578, pp. 104-125). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Braga, A.A., Weisburd, D., Waring, E.J., Green Mazerolle, L., Spelman, W., & Gajewski, F. (1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology, 37 (3). 541-580.
5. Brantingham, P., & Brantingham, P. (1983). Patterns in crime. New York: Macmillan.
6. Brantingham, P., & Brantingham, P. (1991). Environmental criminology. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
7. Brantingham, P.L., & Brantingham, P.J. (1999). Theoretical model of crime hot spot generation. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 8 (1). 7-26.
8. Bruck, M., Ceci, S., & Hembrooke, H. (1998). Reliability and credibility of young children's reports. From research to policy and practice. American Psychologist, 53 (2). 136-151.
9. Bursik, R.J., Jr., & Grasmick, H.G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington Books.
10. Catalano, S.M. (2005). Criminal victimization, 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
11. Clarke, R.V. (1983). Situational crime prevention: Its theoretical basis and practical scope. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research. (Vol. 4, pp. 225-256). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Cohen, J., Gorr, W., & Singh, P. (2003). Estimating intervention effects in varying risk settings: Do police raids reduce illegal drug dealing at nuisance bars? Criminology, 41 (2). 257-292.
13. Cohen, L.E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44 (4). 588-608.
14. Coupe, R.T., & Blake, L. (2005). The effects of patrol workloads and response strength on arrests at burglary emergencies. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33 (3). 239-255.
15. Coupe, R.T., & Blake, L. (2006). Daylight and darkness targeting strategies and the risks of being seen at residential burglaries. Criminology, 44 (2). 431-463.
16. Cromwell, P.F., Olson, J.N., & Avary, D.A.W. (1991). Breaking and entering: An ethnographic analysis of burglary. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
17. DeVoe, J.F., Peter, K., Noonan, M., Snyder, T.D., & Baum, K. (2005). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2005. Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Justice Statistics Clearinghouse.
18. Engen, R.L., & Steen, S. (2000). The power to punish: Discretion and sentencing reform in the war on drugs. American Journal of Sociology, 105 (5). 1357-1395.
19. Farabee, D., Joshi, V., & Anglin, M.D. (2001). Addiction careers and criminal specialization. Crime & Delinquency, 47 (2). 196-220.
20. Farkas, M.A., & Stichman, A. (2002). Sex offender laws: Can treatment, punishment, incapacitation, and public safety be reconciled? Criminal Justice Review, 27 (2). 256-283.
21. Farrell, G., & Sousa, W. (2001). Repeat victimization and hot spots: The overlap and its implications for crime control and problem-oriented policing. In G. Farrell & K. Pease (Eds.), Repeat victimization (pp. 221-240). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press /Willow Tree Press.
22. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1996). Uniform crime reports: 1995. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
23. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2005). Uniform crime reports: 2004. Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
24. Felson, M. (1987). Routine activities and crime prevention in the developing metropolis. Criminology, 25 (4). 911-934.
25. Felson, M. (1993). Social indicators for criminology. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30 (4). 400-411.
26. Gabor, T. (1990). Crime displacement and situational prevention: Toward the development of some principles. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 32 (1). 41-73.
27. Garofalo, J., Siegel, L., & Laub, J. (1987). School-related victimizations among adolescents: An analysis of National Crime Survey (NCS) narratives. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 3 (4). 321-338.
28. Garry, E.M. (1996). Truancy: First step to a lifetime of problems. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Available at http://www.ncjrs.gov/ pdffiles/truncy.pdf
29. Gorman, D.M., Zhu, L., & Horel, S. (2005). Drug hot-spots, alcohol availability and violence. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24 (6). 507-513.
30. Gouvis Roman, C. (2002). Schools as generators of crime: Routine activities and the sociology of place. Washington, DC: American University.
31. Green, L. (1996). Policing places with drug problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. Haining, R.P. (2003). Spatial data analysis: Theory and practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
33. Hawkins, D.F. (1987). Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and capital punishment. Social Forces, 65 (3). 719-743.
34. Hellman, D.A., & Beaton, S. (1986). The pattern of violence in urban public schools: The influence of school and community. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 23 (2). 102-127.
35. Hepburn, J.R. (1984). Occasional property crime. In R. F. Meier (Ed.), Major forms of crime (pp. 73-94). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
36. Hutcheson, G.D., Baxter, J.S., Telfer, K., & Warden, D. (1995). Child witness statement quality: Question type and errors of omission. Law and Human Behavior, 19 (6). 631-648.
37. Klinger, D.A. (1997). Negotiating order in patrol work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance. Criminology, 35 (2). 277-306.
38. Kurlychek, M.C., & Johnson, B.D. (2004). The juvenile penalty: A comparison of juvenile and young adult sentencing outcomes in criminal court. Criminology, 42 (2). 485-517.
39. Levenson, J.S., & Cotter, L.P. (2005). The impact of sex offender residence restrictions: 1,000 feet from danger or one step from absurd? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49 (2). 168-178.
40. McDonald, J.F., & Moffitt, R.A. (1980). The uses of Tobit analysis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 62 (3). 318-321.
41. Menard, S. (1995). Applied logistic regression analysis (Vol. 106). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42. O'Brien, R.M. (1985). Crime and victimization data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
43. Pyle, G.F., Hanten, E.W., Williams, P.G., Pearson, A.L., II, Doyle, J.G., & Kwofie, K. (1974). The spatial dynamics of crime. Chicago: University of Chicago.
44. Raudenbush, S.W., & Bryk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2 nd ed., Vol. 1). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
45. Reppetto, T.A. (1974). Residential crime. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
46. Robinson, W.S. (1950). Biological correlations and the behavior of individuals. American Sociological Review, 15, 351-357.
47. Roncek, D.W. (1992). Biological correlations and the behavior of individuals). Learning more from Tobit coefficients: Extending a comparative analysis of political protest. American Sociological Review, 57, 503-507.
48. Roncek, D.W., & Faggiani, D. (1985). High schools and crime: A replication. Sociological Quarterly, 26 (4). 491-505.
49. Roncek, D.W., & Lobosco, A. (1983). The effect of high schools on crime in their neighborhoods. Social Science Quarterly, 64 (3). 598-613.
50. Roncek, D.W., & Maier, P.A. (1991). Bars, blocks and crimes revisited: Linking the theory of routine activities to the empiricism of "hot spots." Criminology, 29 (4). 725-753.
51. Rountree, P.W., & Land, K.C. (2000). The generalizability of multilevel models of burglary victimization: A cross-city comparison. Social Science Research, 29 (2). 284-305.
52. Rubel, R.J. (1977). The unruly school. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
53. Scott, M.S. (2004). Burglary of single-family houses in Savannah, Georgia. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
54. Shaw, C., & McKay, H. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
55. Sherman, L.W., Gartin, P.R., & Buerger, M.E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27 (1). 821-849.
56. Sherman, L.W., Schmidt, J.D., & Velke, R.J. (1992). High crime taverns: A recap (repeat call address policing) project in problem-oriented policing. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
57. Stolzenberg, L., D'Alessio, S.J., & Eitle, D. (2004). A multilevel test of racial threat theory. Criminology, 42 (3). 673-698.
58. Tewksbury, R., & Mustaine, E.E. (2000). Routine activities and vandalism: A theoretical and empirical study. Journal of Crime and Justice, 23 (1). 81-110.
59. Tobin, J. (1958). Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica, 26, 24-36.
60. Toby, J. (1983). Violence in school. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research (Vol. 4, pp. 189-250). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
61. Townsley, M., & Pease, K. (2002). Hots spots and cold comfort: The importance of having a working thermometer. In N. Tilley (Ed.), From analysis for crime prevention (pp. 59-69). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press /Willow Tree Press.
62. Tseloni, A., Wittebrood, K., Farrell, G., & Pease, K. (2004). Burglary victimization in England and Wales, the United States and the Netherlands. British Journal of Criminology, 44 (1). 66-91.
63. Vazsonyi, A.T., Pickering, L.E., Belliston, L.M., Hessing, D., & Junger, M. (2002). Routine activities and deviant behaviors: American, Dutch, Hungarian and Swiss youth. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18 (4). 397-422.
64. Velez, M.B. (2001). The role of public social control in urban neighborhoods: A multilevel analysis of victimization risk. Criminology, 39 (4). 837-864.
65. Waller, I., & Okihiro, N. (1978). Burglary: The victim and the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
66. Weisburd, D., Wyckoff, L.A., Ready, J., Eck, J.E., Hinkle, J.C., & Gajewski, F. (2006). Does crime just move around the corner? A controlled study of spatial displacement and diffusion of crime control benefits. Criminology, 44 (3). 549-591.
67. Weisel, D.L. (2002). Problem-oriented guides for police series: Burglary of single-family houses (Vol. 18). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
68. Wilcox, P., Michelle, C.A., Bryan, J.P., & Roberts, S.D. (2005). Reality of middle-school crime: Objective vs. subjective experiences among a sample of Kentucky youth. Journal of School Violence, 4 (2). 3-28.
69. Wright, R., Logie, R.H., & Decker, S.H. (1995). Criminal expertise and offender decision making: An experimental study of the target selection process in residential burglary. Journal of Research in Crime in Delinquency, 32 (1). 39-53.