The Role of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Cardiovascular Disease

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 79-94

  Long, Brian R ^a   Leya, Ferdinand ^b  

^a Skyline Medical Center   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BOSENTAN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; PROSTACYCLIN; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; GRAFT FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; INTRACARDIAC THROMBOSIS; PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC;

EID: 38149062781     PISSN: 08898588     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2007.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Levine J.S., Branch D.W., and Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. [see comment]. N Engl J Med 346 10 (2002) 752-763
2. Asherson R.A., and Cervera R. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the heart. Lessons and pitfalls for the cardiologist. [see comment]. Circulation 84 2 (1991) 920-923
3. Sammaritano L.R., Gharavi A.E., and Lockshin M.D. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: immunologic and clinical aspects. Semin Arthritis Rheum 20 2 (1990) 81-96
4. Godfrey T., and D'cruz D. Antiphospholipid syndrome: general features. In: Khamashta M. (Ed). Hughes syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome (2000), Springer, London 8-19
5. Kaplan S.D., Chartash E.K., Pizzarello R.A., et al. Cardiac manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Am Heart J 124 5 (1992) 1331-1338
6. Puisieux F., de Groote P., Masy E., et al. Association between anticardiolipin antibodies and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Am J Med 109 8 (2000) 635-641
7. Shoenfeld Y., Gerli R., Doria A., et al. Accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Circulation 112 21 (2005) 3337-3347
8. Lockshin M., Tenedios F., Petri M., et al. Cardiac disease in the antiphospholipid syndrome: recommendations for treatment. Committee consensus report. Lupus 12 7 (2003) 518-523
9. Jara L.J., Medina G., Vera-Lastra O., et al. Atherosclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 25 1 (2003) 79-88
10. Medina G., Casaos D., Jara L.J., et al. Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness may be associated with stroke in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. [see comment]. Ann Rheum Dis 62 7 (2003) 607-610
11. Ames P.R., Margarita A., Delgado Alves J., et al. Anticardiolipin antibody titre and plasma homocysteine level independently predict intima media thickness of carotid arteries in subjects with idiopathic antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 11 4 (2002) 208-214
12. Vlachoyiannopoulos P.G., Kanellopoulos P.G., Ioannidis J.P., et al. Atherosclerosis in premenopausal women with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42 5 (2003) 645-651
13. Soltesz P., Veres K., Lakos G., et al. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective study of 637 patients. Lupus 12 4 (2003) 302-307
14. Shoenfeld Y., Harats D., and George J. Atherosclerosis and the antiphospholipid syndrome: a link unravelled?. Lupus 7 Suppl 2 (1998) S140-S143
15. Nityanand S., Bergmark C., de Faire U., et al. Antibodies against endothelial cells and cardiolipin in young patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. [see comment]. J Intern Med 238 5 (1995) 437-443
16. Vaarala O., Alfthan G., Jauhiainen M., et al. Cross-reaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 341 8850 (1993) 923-925
17. Delgado Alves J., Kumar S., and Isenberg D.A. Cross-reactivity between anti-cardiolipin, anti-high-density lipoprotein and antiapolipoprotein A-I IgG antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42 7 (2003) 893-899
18. Kobayashi K., Kishi M., Atsumi T., et al. Circulating oxidized LDL forms complexes with beta2-glycoprotein I: implication as an atherogenic autoantigen. J Lipid Res 44 4 (2003) 716-726
19. van Leuven S.I., Kastelein J.J., D'Cruz D.P., et al. Atherogenesis in rheumatology. Lupus 15 3 (2006) 117-121
20. Matsuura E., and Koike T. Accelerated atheroma and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies. Lupus 9 3 (2000) 210-216
21. Hamsten A., Norberg R., Bjorkholm M., et al. Antibodies to cardiolipin in young survivors of myocardial infarction: an association with recurrent cardiovascular events. Lancet 1 8473 (1986) 113-116
22. Mattila K., Vaarala O., Palosuo T., et al. Serologic response against cardiolipin and enterobacterial common antigen in young patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 51 3 (1989) 414-418
23. Zuckerman E., Toubi E., Shiran A., et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies and acute myocardial infarction in nonsystemic lupus erythmatosus patients: a controlled prospective study. [see comment]. Am J Med 101 4 (1996) 381-386
24. Raghavan C., Ditchfield J., Taylor R.J., et al. Influence of anticardiolipin antibodies on immediate patient outcome after myocardial infarction. J Clin Pathol 46 12 (1993) 1113-1115
25. Morton K.E., Gavaghan T.P., Krilis S.A., et al. Coronary artery bypass graft failure-an autoimmune phenomenon?. [erratum appears in Lancet 1987 Oct 24;2(8565):977-8]. Lancet 2 8520 (1986) 1353-1357
26. Bick R.L., Ismail Y., and Baker Jr. W.F. Coagulation abnormalities in patients with precocious coronary artery thrombosis and patients failing coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transcoronary angioplasty. Semin Thromb Hemost 19 4 (1993) 412-417
27. Muir D.F., Stevens A., Napier-Hemy R.O., et al. Recurrent stent thrombosis associated with lupus anticoagulant due to renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cardiovasc Intervent 5 1 (2003) 44-46
28. Weissman A., and Coplan N. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and acute stent thrombosis. Rev Cardiovasc Med 7 4 (2006) 244-246
29. Libman E., and Sacks B. A hitherto undescribed form of valvular and mural endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 33 (1924) 701-737
30. Anderson D., Bell D., Lodge R., et al. Recurrent cerebral ischemia and mitral valve vegetation in a patient with antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol 14 4 (1987) 839-841
31. D'Alton J.G., Preston D.N., Bormanis J., et al. Multiple transient ischemic attacks, lupus anticoagulant, and verrucous endocarditis. Stroke 16 3 (1985) 512-514
32. Ford S.E., Lillicrap D., Brunet D., et al. Thrombotic endocarditis and lupus anticoagulant. A pathogenetic possibility for idiopathic rheumatic type valvular heart disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113 4 (1989) 350-353
33. Cervera R. Recent advances in antiphospholipid antibody-related valvulopathies. J Autoimmun 15 2 (2000) 123-125
34. Nesher G., Ilany J., Rosenmann D., et al. Valvular dysfunction in antiphospholipid syndrome: prevalence, clinical features, and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 27 1 (1997) 27-35
35. Chartash E.K., Lans D.M., Paget S.A., et al. Aortic insufficiency and mitral regurgitation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Med 86 4 (1989) 407-412
36. Ford P.M., Ford S.E., and Lillicrap D.P. Association of lupus anticoagulant with severe valvular heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 15 4 (1988) 597-600
37. Leung W.H., Wong K.L., Lau C.P., et al. Association between antiphospholipid antibodies and cardiac abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 89 4 (1990) 411-419
38. Khamashta M.A., Cervera R., Asherson R.A., et al. Association of antibodies against phospholipids with heart valve disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. [see comment]. Lancet 335 8705 (1990) 1541-1544
39. Brenner B., Blumenfeld Z., Markiewicz W., et al. Cardiac involvement in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 18 4 (1991) 931-936
40. Galve E., Ordi J., Barquinero J., et al. Valvular heart disease in the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Intern Med 116 4 (1992) 293-298
41. Ziporen L., Goldberg I., Arad M., et al. Libman-Sacks endocarditis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: immunopathologic findings in deformed heart valves. Lupus 5 3 (1996) 196-205
42. Blank M., Aron-Maor A., and Shoenfeld Y. From rheumatic fever to Libman-Sacks endocarditis: is there any possible pathogenetic link?. Lupus 14 9 (2005) 697-701
43. Asherson R.A., Khamashta M.A., Gil A., et al. Cerebrovascular disease and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus-like disease, and the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. [see comment]. Am J Med 86 4 (1989) 391-399
44. Ago T., Ooboshi H., Kitazono T., et al. Brain infarction associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome caused by paradoxical embolism through patent foramen ovale. [see comment]. J Neurol 251 6 (2004) 757-759
45. Bulckaen H.G., Puisieux F.L., Bulckaen E.D., et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thromboembolic events in valvular heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc 78 3 (2003) 294-298
46. Meissner I., Whisnant J.P., Khandheria B.K., et al. Prevalence of potential risk factors for stroke assessed by transesophageal echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography: the SPARC study. Stroke prevention: assessment of risk in a community. [see comment]. Mayo Clin Proc 74 9 (1999) 862-869
47. Dodge S.M., Hassell K., Anderson C.A., et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies are common in patients referred for percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 61 1 (2004) 123-127
48. Borenstein D.G., Fye W.B., Arnett F.C., et al. The myocarditis of systemic lupus erythematosus: association with myositis. Ann Intern Med 89 5 Pt 1 (1978) 619-624
49. Murphy J.J., and Leach I.H. Findings at necropsy in the heart of a patient with anticardiolipin syndrome. Br Heart J 62 1 (1989) 61-64
50. Brown J.H., Doherty C.C., Allen D.C., et al. Fatal cardiac failure due to myocardial microthrombi in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 296 6635 (1988) 1505
51. Hasnie A.M., Stoddard M.F., Gleason C.B., et al. Diastolic dysfunction is a feature of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Am Heart J 129 5 (1995) 1009-1013
52. Coppock M.A., Safford R.E., and Danielson G.K. Intracardiac thrombosis, phospholipid antibodies, and two-chambered right ventricle. Br Heart J 60 5 (1988) 455-458
53. Leventhal L.J., Borofsky M.A., Bergey P.D., et al. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with right atrial thrombosis mimicking an atrial myxoma. Am J Med 87 1 (1989) 111-113
54. Lubbe W.F., and Asherson R.A. Intracardiac thrombus in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with lupus anticoagulant. Arthritis Rheum 31 11 (1988) 1453-1454
55. Petri M. Systemic lupus erythematosis and the cardiovascular system: the heart. In: Lahita R. (Ed). Systemic lupus erythematosis. 3rd edition (1999), Academic Press, San Diego 687-706
56. Petri M., Rheinschmidt M., Whiting-O'Keefe Q., et al. The frequency of lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus. A study of sixty consecutive patients by activated partial thromboplastin time, Russell viper venom time, and anticardiolipin antibody level. Ann Intern Med 106 4 (1987) 524-531
57. Colorio C.C., Martinuzzo M.E., Forastiero R.R., et al. Thrombophilic factors in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 12 6 (2001) 427-432
58. Espinosa G., Cervera R., Font J., et al. The lung in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 61 3 (2002) 195-198
59. Cannon C.P., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. [see comment] [erratum appears in N Engl J Med 2006 Feb 16;354(7):778]. N Engl J Med 350 15 (2004) 1495-1504
60. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Schoenhagen P., et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. [see comment]. JAMA 291 9 (2004) 1071-1080
61. Collins R., Armitage J., Parish S., et al. MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 360 9326 (2002) 7-22
62. Meroni P.L., Raschi E., Testoni C., et al. Statins prevent endothelial cell activation induced by antiphospholipid (anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) antibodies: effect on the proadhesive and proinflammatory phenotype. Arthritis Rheum 44 12 (2001) 2870-2878
63. Petri M. Detection of coronary artery disease and the role of traditional risk factors in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Lupus 9 3 (2000) 170-175
64. Ruiz-Irastorza G., Khamashta M.A., Hunt B.J., et al. Bleeding and recurrent thrombosis in definite antiphospholipid syndrome: analysis of a series of 66 patients treated with oral anticoagulation to a target international normalized ratio of 3.5. Arch Intern Med 162 10 (2002) 1164-1169
65. Espinola-Zavaleta N., Vargas-Barron J., Colmenares-Galvis T., et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Am Heart J 137 5 (1999) 973-978