메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 183-209

Parents' goals for children: The dynamic coexistence of individualism and collectivism in cultures and individuals: Topic review

Author keywords

Collectivism; Culture; Individualism; Parenting

Indexed keywords


EID: 38149009055     PISSN: 0961205X     EISSN: 14679507     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00419.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (377)

References (86)
  • 2
    • 0345719682 scopus 로고
    • A cross-national study of mother and infant activities and interactions: Some preliminary comparisons between Japan and the United States
    • Bornstein, M. H., Miyake, K. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1985-1986). A cross-national study of mother and infant activities and interactions: Some preliminary comparisons between Japan and the United States. Research & Clinical Center for Child Development, 9, 1 12.
    • (1985) Research & Clinical Center for Child Development , vol.9 , pp. 1-12
    • Bornstein, M.H.1    Miyake, K.2    Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.3
  • 4
    • 0001418871 scopus 로고
    • The social self: On being the same and different at the same time
    • Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475 482.
    • (1991) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 475-482
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 84909259998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomy as an element of developmental well-being
    • In. M. H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. M. Keyes. K. A. Moore (. Eds. pp.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Bridges, L. J. (2003). Autonomy as an element of developmental well-being. In M. H. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. M. Keyes K. A. Moore (Eds Well being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 167 189). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
    • (2003) Well Being: Positive Development Across the Life Course , pp. 167-189
    • Bridges, L.J.1
  • 7
    • 0000913558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of developmental processes
    • In. W. Damon (. Series Ed. R. M. Lerner (. Vol. Ed. (5th. ed., Vol. 1, pp.). New York: Wiley.
    • Bronfenbrenner, U. Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon (Series Ed R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 993 1028). New York : Wiley.
    • (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Theoretical Models of Human Development , pp. 993-1028
    • Bronfenbrenner, U.1    Morris, P.A.2
  • 8
    • 0000826853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socialization processes
    • In. W. Damon (. Series Ed. N. Eisenberg (. Vol. Ed. (5th. ed., vol. 3, pp.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • Bugental, D. B. Goodnow, J. J. (1998). Socialization processes. In W. Damon (Series Ed N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., vol. 3, pp. 389 462). Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development , pp. 389-462
    • Bugental, D.B.1    Goodnow, J.J.2
  • 9
    • 0001905051 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of individualism and collectivism in Korea
    • In. U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi. G. Yoon (. Eds. vol. 18, pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Cha, J. (1994). Aspects of individualism and collectivism in Korea. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi G. Yoon (Eds Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (vol. 18, pp. 157 174). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 157-174
    • Cha, J.1
  • 10
    • 0141993109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenting of Asians
    • In. M. H. Bornstein (. Ed. (2nd. ed., Vol. 4, pp.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • Chao, R. Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed Handbook of parenting: Social conditions and applied parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 59 93). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2002) Handbook of Parenting: Social Conditions and Applied Parenting , pp. 59-93
    • Chao, R.1    Tseng, V.2
  • 11
    • 14844290285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: The imprint of historical time
    • Chen, X., Cen, G., Li, D. He, Y. (2005). Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: The imprint of historical time. Child Development, 76, 182 195.
    • (2005) Child Development , vol.76 , pp. 182-195
    • Chen, X.1    Cen, G.2    Li, D.3    He, Y.4
  • 12
    • 84965750739 scopus 로고
    • Variations in familism in two generations of Puerto Ricans
    • Cortes, D. E. (1995). Variations in familism in two generations of Puerto Ricans. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 17, 249 255.
    • (1995) Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 249-255
    • Cortes, D.E.1
  • 13
    • 0033220501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation
    • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. Koestner, R. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627 668.
    • (1999) Psychological Bulletin , vol.125 , pp. 627-668
    • Deci, E.L.1    Ryan, R.M.2    Koestner, R.3
  • 14
    • 0036836075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self in context: Autonomy and relatedness in Japanese and U.S. mother-preschooler dyads
    • Dennis, T. A., Cole, P. M., Zahn-Waxler, C. Mizuta, I. (2002). Self in context: Autonomy and relatedness in Japanese and U.S. mother-preschooler dyads. Child Development, 73, 1803 1817.
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1803-1817
    • Dennis, T.A.1    Cole, P.M.2    Zahn-Waxler, C.3    Mizuta, I.4
  • 15
    • 0042406694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes across the first year of life in infants' daily activities and social contacts among middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican families
    • Feng, X., Harwood, R. L., Leyendecker, B. Miller, A. M. (2001). Changes across the first year of life in infants' daily activities and social contacts among middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican families. Infant Behavior & Development, 24, 317 339.
    • (2001) Infant Behavior & Development , vol.24 , pp. 317-339
    • Feng, X.1    Harwood, R.L.2    Leyendecker, B.3    Miller, A.M.4
  • 16
    • 85047670115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using individualism and collectivism to compare cultures - A critique of the validity and measurement of the constructs: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002
    • Fiske, A. P. (2002). Using individualism and collectivism to compare cultures - A critique of the validity and measurement of the constructs: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 78 88.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 78-88
    • Fiske, A.P.1
  • 17
    • 0033411385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds
    • Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V. Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030 1044.
    • (1999) Child Development , vol.70 , pp. 1030-1044
    • Fuligni, A.J.1    Tseng, V.2    Lam, M.3
  • 21
    • 0000866382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent development in family contexts
    • In. W. Damon (. Series Ed. N. Eisenberg (. Vol. Ed. (5th. ed., Vol. 3, pp.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
    • Grotevant, H. D. (1998). Adolescent development in family contexts. In W. Damon (Series Ed N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1097 1149). New York : John Wiley & Sons.
    • (1998) Handbook of Child Psychology: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development , pp. 1097-1149
    • Grotevant, H.D.1
  • 22
    • 0031722125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The declining significance of guanxi in China's economic transition
    • Guthrie, D. (1998). The declining significance of guanxi in China's economic transition. The Chinese Quarterly, 154, 254 282.
    • (1998) The Chinese Quarterly , vol.154 , pp. 254-282
    • Guthrie, D.1
  • 27
    • 0033161426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural differences in maternal beliefs and behaviors: A study of middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mother-infant pairs in four everyday situations
    • Harwood, R. L., Schoelmerich, A., Schulze, P. A. Gonzalez, Z. (1999). Cultural differences in maternal beliefs and behaviors: A study of middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mother-infant pairs in four everyday situations. Child Development, 70, 1005 1016.
    • (1999) Child Development , vol.70 , pp. 1005-1016
    • Harwood, R.L.1    Schoelmerich, A.2    Schulze, P.A.3    Gonzalez, Z.4
  • 29
    • 0033091878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation
    • Iyengar, S. S. Lepper, M. R. (1999). Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 349 366.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 349-366
    • Iyengar, S.S.1    Lepper, M.R.2
  • 31
    • 0040644398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Protestant ethic: Weber's model and the empirical literature
    • Jones, H. B. (1997). The Protestant ethic: Weber's model and the empirical literature. Human Relations, 50, 757 778.
    • (1997) Human Relations , vol.50 , pp. 757-778
    • Jones, H.B.1
  • 33
    • 22144456741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family
    • Kagitcibasi, C. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403 422.
    • (2005) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 403-422
    • Kagitcibasi, C.1
  • 34
    • 22544477853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of children and family change: A three-decade portrait from Turkey
    • Kagitcibasi, C. Ataca, B. (2005). Value of children and family change: A three-decade portrait from Turkey. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 317 337.
    • (2005) Applied Psychology: An International Review , vol.54 , pp. 317-337
    • Kagitcibasi, C.1    Ataca, B.2
  • 35
    • 0042887066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socialization for competence: Cultural models of infancy
    • Keller, H. (2003). Socialization for competence: Cultural models of infancy. Human Development, 46, 288 311.
    • (2003) Human Development , vol.46 , pp. 288-311
    • Keller, H.1
  • 36
    • 0041466582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between individuals and culture: Individuals' evaluation of exclusion from social groups
    • In. H. Keller, Y. H. Porringa. A. Schoelmerich (. Eds. pp.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Killen, M., McGlothlin, H. Lee-Kim, J. (2002). Between individuals and culture: Individuals' evaluation of exclusion from social groups. In H. Keller, Y. H. Porringa A. Schoelmerich (Eds Between culture and biology: Perspectives on ontogenetic development (pp. 159 190). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
    • (2002) Between Culture and Biology: Perspectives on Ontogenetic Development , pp. 159-190
    • Killen, M.1    McGlothlin, H.2    Lee-Kim, J.3
  • 39
    • 0040790488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An external orientation to the study of causal beliefs: Application to Chinese populations and comparative research
    • Lieber, E., Yang, K. S. Lin, Y. C. (2000). An external orientation to the study of causal beliefs: Application to Chinese populations and comparative research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 3, 160 186.
    • (2000) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 160-186
    • Lieber, E.1    Yang, K.S.2    Lin, Y.C.3
  • 40
    • 85004857892 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of child-rearing practices among Chinese, immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian-American parents
    • Lin, C. C. Fu, V. R. (1990). A comparison of child-rearing practices among Chinese, immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian-American parents. Child Development, 61, 429 433.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 429-433
    • Lin, C.C.1    Fu, V.R.2
  • 42
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H. R. Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224 253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 43
    • 58149425798 scopus 로고
    • A theory of human motivation
    • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370 396.
    • (1943) Psychological Review , vol.50 , pp. 370-396
    • Maslow, A.H.1
  • 45
    • 0001172384 scopus 로고
    • Parental beliefs
    • In. M. H. Bornstein (. Ed. Vol. 3, pp.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V. Sigel, I. E. (1995). Parental beliefs. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed Handbook of parenting (Vol. 3, pp. 333 358). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1995) Handbook of Parenting , pp. 333-358
    • McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A.V.1    Sigel, I.E.2
  • 46
    • 0038779419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural differences in emotions: A context for interpreting emotional experiences
    • Mesquita, B. Walker, R. (2003). Cultural differences in emotions: A context for interpreting emotional experiences. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 777 793.
    • (2003) Behavior Research and Therapy , vol.41 , pp. 777-793
    • Mesquita, B.1    Walker, R.2
  • 48
    • 84989405757 scopus 로고
    • Cultural identity and human development
    • Ogbu, J. U. (1988). Cultural identity and human development. New Directions for Child Development, 42, 11 28.
    • (1988) New Directions for Child Development , vol.42 , pp. 11-28
    • Ogbu, J.U.1
  • 49
    • 0036370845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses
    • Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M. Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3 72.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 3-72
    • Oyserman, D.1    Coon, H.M.2    Kemmelmeier, M.3
  • 50
    • 0002157911 scopus 로고
    • Values, motives, and systems of action
    • In. T. Parsons. E. A. Shils (. Eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • Parsons, T. Shils, E. A. (1951). Values, motives, and systems of action. In T. Parsons E. A. Shils (Eds Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
    • (1951) Toward A General Theory of Action.
    • Parsons, T.1    Shils, E.A.2
  • 54
    • 0002209063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions
    • Ryan, R. M. Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54 67.
    • (2000) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 54-67
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 55
    • 85043751872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
    • Ryan, R. M. Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68 78.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , pp. 68-78
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 59
    • 0001907034 scopus 로고
    • Individualism in a collectivist culture: A case of coexistence of opposites
    • In. U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi. G. Yoon (. Eds. Vol. 18, pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Sinha, D. Tripathi, R. C. (1994). Individualism in a collectivist culture: A case of coexistence of opposites. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi G. Yoon (Eds Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (Vol. 18, pp. 123 136). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 123-136
    • Sinha, D.1    Tripathi, R.C.2
  • 60
    • 38149036347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture, autonomy, and personal jurisdiction
    • In. R. Kail. H. Reese (. Eds. Vol. 29, pp.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Academic Press.
    • Smetana, J. (2002). Culture, autonomy, and personal jurisdiction. In R. Kail H. Reese (Eds Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 29, pp. 52 87). Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Academic Press.
    • (2002) Advances in Child Development and Behavior , pp. 52-87
    • Smetana, J.1
  • 61
    • 0002105318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Values
    • In. J. Berry, M. Segall. C. Kagitcibasi (. Eds. (2nd. ed., Vol. 3, pp.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
    • Smith, P. Schwartz, S. (1997). Values. In J. Berry, M. Segall C. Kagitcibasi (Eds Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Social behavior and applications (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 78 118). Needham Heights, MA : Allyn and Bacon.
    • (1997) Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology: Social Behavior and Applications , pp. 78-118
    • Smith, P.1    Schwartz, S.2
  • 63
    • 0002498058 scopus 로고
    • Challenges in studying minority youth
    • In. S. Feldman. G. R. Elliott (. Eds. pp.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • Spencer, M. B. Dornsbusch, S. M. (1990). Challenges in studying minority youth. In S. Feldman G. R. Elliott (Eds At the threshold: The developing adolescent (pp. 123 146). Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
    • (1990) At the Threshold: The Developing Adolescent , pp. 123-146
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Dornsbusch, S.M.2
  • 65
    • 0038320856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making up for lost time: The experience of separation and reunification among immigrant families
    • Suarez-Orozco, C., Todorova, I. L. Louie, J. (2002). Making up for lost time: The experience of separation and reunification among immigrant families. Family Process, 41, 625 643.
    • (2002) Family Process , vol.41 , pp. 625-643
    • Suarez-Orozco, C.1    Todorova, I.L.2    Louie, J.3
  • 66
    • 0036041984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture structures the environment for development
    • Super, C. M. Harkness, S. (2002). Culture structures the environment for development. Human Development, 45, 270 274.
    • (2002) Human Development , vol.45 , pp. 270-274
    • Super, C.M.1    Harkness, S.2
  • 67
    • 0042887063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural perspectives on the 'Whats?' and 'Whys?' of parenting
    • Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2003). Cultural perspectives on the 'Whats?' and 'Whys?' of parenting. Human Development, 46, 319 327.
    • (2003) Human Development , vol.46 , pp. 319-327
    • Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.1
  • 70
    • 0001856460 scopus 로고
    • Collectivism and development
    • In. D. Sinha. H. S. R. Kao (. Eds. pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Triandis, H. C. (1988). Collectivism and development. In D. Sinha H. S. R. Kao (Eds Social values and development: Asian perspectives (pp. 285 303). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1988) Social Values and Development: Asian Perspectives , pp. 285-303
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 71
    • 0002574549 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of collectivism and individualism
    • In. U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi. G. Yoon (. Eds. Vol. 18, pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Triandis, H. C. (1994). Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of collectivism and individualism. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi G. Yoon (Eds Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (Vol. 18, pp. 41 51). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 41-51
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 77
    • 0041954909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do child-rearing values in Taiwan and the United States reflect cultural values of collectivism and individualism?
    • Wang, S. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2003). Do child-rearing values in Taiwan and the United States reflect cultural values of collectivism and individualism? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 629 642.
    • (2003) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 629-642
    • Wang, S.1    Tamis-Lemonda, C.S.2
  • 78
    • 38149139137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friendships among African American, Latino, and Asian American adolescents in an urban context
    • In. C. Tamis-Lemonda. L. Balter (. Eds. (2nd. ed., pp.). New York: Psychology Press.
    • Way, N., Becker, B. Greene, M. (2005). Friendships among African American, Latino, and Asian American adolescents in an urban context. In C. Tamis-Lemonda L. Balter (Eds Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues (2nd ed., pp. 415 443). New York : Psychology Press.
    • (2005) Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues , pp. 415-443
    • Way, N.1    Becker, B.2    Greene, M.3
  • 80
    • 0003613732 scopus 로고
    • Talcott Parsons, Trans. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Originally published as two separate essays 1904- 1905).
    • Weber, M. (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (Talcott Parsons, Trans New York : Charles Scribner's Sons Originally published as two separate essays 1904- 1905).
    • (1958) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
    • Weber, M.1
  • 81
    • 0035457248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American dependency conflict: Continuities and discontinuities in behaviours and values of countercultural parents and their children
    • Weisner, T. (2002). The American dependency conflict: Continuities and discontinuities in behaviours and values of countercultural parents and their children. Ethos, 29, 271 295.
    • (2002) Ethos , vol.29 , pp. 271-295
    • Weisner, T.1
  • 82
    • 84925887911 scopus 로고
    • Folk wisdom and child rearing
    • Whiting, B. B. (1974). Folk wisdom and child rearing. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 20, 9 19.
    • (1974) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.20 , pp. 9-19
    • Whiting, B.B.1
  • 83
    • 0007085921 scopus 로고
    • The dependency hang-up and experiments in alternative life styles
    • In. M. J. Yinger. S. J. Cutler (. Eds. pp.). New York: The Free Press.
    • Whiting, B. B. (1978). The dependency hang-up and experiments in alternative life styles. In M. J. Yinger S. J. Cutler (Eds Major social issues: A multidisciplinary view (pp. 217 226). New York : The Free Press.
    • (1978) Major Social Issues: A Multidisciplinary View , pp. 217-226
    • Whiting, B.B.1
  • 84
    • 0038868015 scopus 로고
    • Achievement motivation and small-business relationship patterns in Chinese society
    • In. S. L. Greenblatt, R. W. Wilson. A. A. Wilson (. Eds. pp.). New York: Praeger.
    • Wilson, R. W. Pusey, A. W. (1982). Achievement motivation and small-business relationship patterns in Chinese society. In S. L. Greenblatt, R. W. Wilson A. A. Wilson (Eds Social interaction in Chinese society (pp. 195 208). New York : Praeger.
    • (1982) Social Interaction in Chinese Society , pp. 195-208
    • Wilson, R.W.1    Pusey, A.W.2
  • 85
    • 0002018827 scopus 로고
    • Psychological differentiation in cross-cultural perspective
    • Witken, H. A. Berry, J. W. (1975). Psychological differentiation in cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 6, 4 87.
    • (1975) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 4-87
    • Witken, H.A.1    Berry, J.W.2
  • 86
    • 0001346520 scopus 로고
    • The nature of achievement motivation in collectivist societies
    • In. U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi. G. Yoon (. Eds. Vol. 18, pp.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Yu, A. Yang, K. (1994). The nature of achievement motivation in collectivist societies. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi G. Yoon (Eds Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (Vol. 18, pp. 239 250). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications, Inc.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 239-250
    • Yu, A.1    Yang, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.