Finescale vertical structure and dynamics of some dryline boundaries observed in IHOP

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 135, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 4161-4184

  Miao, Qun ^a   Geerts, Bart ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY); METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; WATER VAPOR;

CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; RADAR FINE LINE;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;

AIR MASS; AIRBORNE SENSING; AIRBORNE SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY LAYER; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; RADAR; RELATIVE HUMIDITY;

GREAT PLAINS; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 38049155879     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007MWR1982.1     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Arnott, N. R., Y. P. Richardson, J. M. Wurman, and E. M. Rasmussen, 2006: Relationship between a weakening cold front, misocyclones, and cloud development on 10 June 2002 during IHOP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 311-335.
2. Atkins, N. T., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1997: Influence of the synoptic-scale flow on sea breezes observed during CaPE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2112-2130.
3. Atkins, N. T., R. M. Wakimoto, and C. L. Ziegler, 1998: Observations of the finescale structure of a dryline during VORTEX 95. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 525-550.
4. Bjerknes, V., 1898: Über einen hydrodynamischen Fundamentalsatz und seine Anwendung besonders auf die Mechanik der Atmosphäre und des Weltmeeres. Kongl. Sven. Vetensk. Akad. Handlingar, 31, 1-35.
5. Bluestein, H. B., and T. M. Crawford, 1997: Mesoscale dynamics of the near-dryline environment: Analysis of data from COPS-91. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2161-2175.
6. Bluestein, H. B., E. W. McCaul Jr., G. P. Byrd, R. L. Walko, and R. Davies-Jones, 1990: An observational study of splitting convective clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1359-1370.
7. Charba, J., 1974: Application of gravity current model to analysis of squall-line gust front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 140-156.
8. Clarke, R. H., 1955: Some observations and comments on the sea breeze. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 11, 47-68.
9. Crawford, T. M., and H. B. Bluestein, 1997: Characteristics of dryline passage during COPS-91. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 463-477.
10. Damiani, R., and S. Haimov, 2006: A high-resolution dual-Doppler technique for fixed multi-antenna airborne radar. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 3475-3489.
11. Demoz, B., and Coauthors, 2006: The dryline on 22 May 2002 during IHOP_2002: Convective-scale measurements at the profiling site. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 294-310.
12. Doswell, C. A., III, and P. M. Markowski, 2004: Is buoyancy a relative quantity? Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 853-863.
13. Geerts, B., and Q. Miao, 2005: The use of millimeter Doppler radar echoes to estimate vertical air velocities in the fair-weather convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 225-246.
14. Geerts, B., R. Damiani, and S. Haimov, 2006: Fine-scale vertical structure of a cold front as revealed by airborne radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 251-272.
15. Grossman, R. L., D. Yates, M. A. LeMone, M. L. Wesely, and J. Song, 2005: Observed effects of horizontal radiative surface temperature variations on the atmosphere over a Midwest watershed during CASES 97. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06117, doi:10.1029/2004JD004542.
16. Hane, C. E., C. L. Ziegler, and H. B. Bluestein, 1993: Investigation of the dryline and convective storms initiated along the dryline: Field experiments during COPS-91. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2133-2145.
17. Hane, C. E., H. B. Bluestein, T. M. Crawford, M. E. Baldwin, and R. M. Rabin, 1997: Severe thunderstorm development in relation to along-dryline variability: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 231-251.
18. Hane, C. E., R. M. Rabin, T. M. Crawford, H. B. Bluestein, and M. E. Baldwin, 2002: A case study of severe storm development along a dryline within a synoptically active environment. Part II: Multiple boundaries and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 900-920.
19. Houze, R. A., 1993: Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press, 573 pp.
20. Jin, Y., S. E. Koch, Y.-L. Lin, M. F. Ralph, and C. Chen, 1996: Numerical simulations of an observed gravity current and gravity waves in an environment characterized by complex stratification and shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3570-3588.
21. Jones, P. A., and P. R. Bannon, 2002: A mixed-layer model of the diurnal dryline. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2582-2593.
22. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, D. A. Haugen, O. R. Cote, Y. Izumi, S. J. Caughey, and C. J. Readings, 1976: Turbulence structure in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2152-2169.
23. Karan, H., and K. Knupp, 2006: Mobile Integrated Profiler System (MIPS) observations of low-level convergent boundaries during IHOP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 92-112.
24. Kingsmill, D. E., and N. A. Crook, 2003: An observational study of atmospheric bore formation from colliding density currents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2985-3002.
25. Koch, S. E., and C. A. Ray, 1997: Mesoanalysis of summertime convergence zones in central and eastern North Carolina. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 56-77.
26. Liu, C., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: A numerical study of the effects of ambient flow and shear on density currents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2282-2303.
27. Mahrt, L., 1982: Momentum balance of gravity flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2701-2711.
28. Markowski, P., and C. Hannon, 2006: Multiple-Doppler radar observations of the evolution of vorticity extrema in a convective boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 355-374.
29. Marquis, J. N., Y. P. Richardson, and J. M. Wurman, 2007: Kinematic observations of misocyclones along boundaries during IHOP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1749-1768.
30. 2O Project. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wyoming, 222 pp.
31. Miao, Q., B. Geerts, and M. LeMone, 2006: Vertical velocity and buoyancy characteristics of echo plumes in the convective boundary layer, detected by a profiling airborne radar. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 838-855.
32. Miles, J. W., and L. N. Howard, 1964: Note on a heterogeneous shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 20, 331-336.
33. Mueller, C. K., and R. E. Carbone, 1987: Dynamics of a thunderstorm outflow. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1879-1898.
34. Murphey, H. V., R. M. Wakimoto, C. Flamant, and D. E. Kingsmill, 2006: Dryline on 19 June 2002 during IHOP. Part I: Airborne Doppler and LEANDRE II analyses of the thin line structure and convection initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 406-430.
35. NSSP Staff, 1963: Environmental and thunderstorm structures as shown by National Severe Storms Project observations in spring 1960 and 1961. Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 271-292.
36. Parsons, D. B., M. A. Shapiro, M. R. Hardesty, R. J. Zamora, and J. M. Intrieri, 1991: The finescale structure of a west Texas dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1242-1258.
37. Rotunno, R., J. B. Klemp, and M. L. Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485.
38. Schaefer, J. T., 1974: The life cycle of the dryline. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 444-449.
39. Shaw, B. L., R. A. Pielke, and C. L. Ziegler, 1997: A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a Great Plains dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1489-1506.
40. Simpson, J. E., and R. E. Britter, 1980: A laboratory model of an atmospheric mesofront. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 485-500.
41. Simpson, J. E., D. A. Mansfield, and J. R. Milford, 1977: Inland penetration of sea-breeze fronts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 103, 47-76.
42. Sipprell, B. D., and B. Geerts, 2007: Finescale vertical structure and evolution of a preconvective dryline on 19 June 2002. Mon. Wea. Rev., 35, 2111-2134.
43. Smith, R. K., and M. J. Reeder, 1988: On the movement and low-level structure of cold fronts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1927-1944.
44. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Academic, 666 pp.
45. Sun, W.-Y., 1987: Mesoscale convection along the drytine. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1394-1403.
46. Sun, W.-Y., and Y. Ogura, 1979: Boundary layer forcing as a possible trigger to squall line formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 235-254.
47. Sun, W.-Y., and C.-C. Wu, 1992: Formation and diurnal variation of the dryline. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1606-1619.
48. Wakimoto, R. M., 1982: The life cycle of thunderstorm gust fronts as viewed with Doppler radar and rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1060-1082.
49. Wakimoto, R. M., and B. L. Bosart, 2000: Airborne radar observations of a cold front during FASTEX Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2447-2470.
50. Weckwerth, T. M., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1992: The initiation and organization of convective cells atop a cold-air outflow boundary. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2169-2187.
51. 2O Project (IHOP-2002) and some preliminary highlights. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 253-277.
52. Weiss, C. C., H. B. Bluestein, and A. L. Pazmany, 2006a: Finescale radar observations of the 22 May 2002 dryline during the International H2O Project (IHOP). Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 273-293.
53. Weiss, C. C., H. B. Bluestein, and B. Geerts, 2008: Finescale radar observations of a dryline during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). Sanders Symposium Monograph, Meteor. Monogr., No. 55, Amer. Meteor. Soc., in press.
54. Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms by radar-observed boundary-layer convergent lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.
55. Wilson, J. W., and D. L. Megenhardt, 1997: Thunderstorm initiation, organization, and lifetime associated with Florida boundary layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1507-1525.
56. Wilson, J. W., and R. D. Roberts, 2006: Summary of convective storm initiation and evolution during IHOP: Observational and modeling perspective. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 23-47.
57. Wilson, J. W., G. B. Foote, N. A. Crook, J. C. Fankhauser, C. G. Wade, J. D. Tuttle, and C. K. Mueller, 1992: The role of boundary layer convergence zones and horizontal rolls in the initiation of thunderstorms: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1785-1815.
58. Wilson, J. W., T. M. Weckwerth, J. Vivekanandan, R. M. Wakimoto, and R. W. Russell, 1994: Boundary-layer clear-air radar echoes: Origin of echoes and accuracy of derived winds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1184-1206.
59. Xue, M., and W. J. Martin, 2006: A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. Part 1: Numerical simulation and general evolution of the dryline and convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 149-171.
60. Xue, M., Q. Xu, and K. K. Droegemeier, 1997: A theoretical and numerical study of density currents in nonconstant shear flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1998-2019.
61. Ziegler, C. L., and C. E. Hane, 1993: An observational study of the dryline. Mon. Wea, Rev., 121, 1134-1151.
62. Ziegler, C. L., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1998: The initiation of moist convection at the dryline: Forecasting issues from a case study perspective. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1106-1131.