Bats in a fragmented landscape: Species composition, diversity and habitat interactions in savannas of Santarém, Central Amazonia, Brazil

Biological Conservation

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 332-343

  Bernard, Enrico ^a   Fenton, M Brock ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biodiversity conservation; Chiroptera; Ecological matrix; Forest fragmentation; Landscape ecology

Indexed keywords

BAT; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; SAVANNA; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP;

ALTER DO CHAO; BRAZIL; PARA [BRAZIL]; SANTAREM [PARA]; SOUTH AMERICA;

CHIROPTERA;

EID: 37849189340     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.021     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Aguirre L.F., Lens L., van Damme R., and Matthysen E. Consistency and variation in the bat assemblage inhabiting two forest islands within a neotropical savanna in Bolivia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19 (2003) 367-374
2. Altringham J.D. Bats - Biology and Behaviour (1996), Oxford University Press, Oxford
3. Anthony E.L.P. Age determination in bats. In: Kunz T.H. (Ed). Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats (1988), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC 47-58
4. Ayres, M., Ayres, M. Jr., Ayres, D.L., Santos, A.S., 2005. BioEstat. Versão 4.0, Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, MCT - CNPq, Belém, Brasil.
5. Baguette M., Petit S., and Quéva F. Population spatial structure and migration of three butterfly species within the same habitat network: consequences for conservation. Journal of Applied Ecology 37 (2000) 100-108
6. Beals E.W. Bray-Curtis ordination: an effective strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data. Advances in Ecological Research 14 (1984) 1-55
7. Belbin L. PATN-Pattern Analysis Package (1992), Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO, Australia
8. Bernard E. Species list of bats (Mammalia;Chiroptera) of Santarém area, Pará State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18 2 (2001) 455-463
9. Bernard E., and Fenton M.B. Species diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in forest fragments, primary forests, and savannas in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80 (2002) 1124-1140
10. Bernard E., and Fenton M.B. Bat mobility and roosts in a fragmented landscape in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Biotropica 35 2 (2003) 262-277
11. Bernard E., Albernaz A.L.K.M., and Magnusson W.E. Bat species composition in three sites in the Amazon Basin. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 36 3 (2001) 177-184
12. Bierregaard R.O., and Stouffer P. Understory birds and dynamic habitat mosaics in Amazonian rainforests. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 138-155
13. Bonaccorso F.J., and Humphrey S.R. Fruit bat niche dynamics: their role in maintaining tropical forest diversity. In: Chadwick A.C., and Sutton S.L. (Eds). Tropical Rain Forests: the Leeds Symposium (1984), Leeds Philosophical & Literary Society, Leeds
14. Bowers M.A., and Matter S.F. Landscape ecology of mammals: relationships between density and patch size. Journal of Mammalogy 78 (1997) 999-1013
15. Brigham R.M., Grindal S.D., Firman M., and Morissette J. The influence of structural clutter on activity patterns of insectivorous bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75 (1997) 131-136
16. Brosset A., Charles-Dominique P., Cockle A., Cosson J.F., and Masson D. Bat communities and deforestation in French Guiana. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 (1996) 1974-1982
17. Charles-Dominique P. Inter-relation between frugivorous vertebrates and pioneer plants: Cecropia, birds and bats in French Guiana. In: Estrada A., and Fleming T.H. (Eds). Frugivores and Seed Dispersal (1986), W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands 119-135
18. Clarke K.R. Nonparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18 1 (1993) 117-143
19. Cohenca, D., 2005. A expansão da fronteira agri{dotless}́cola e sua relação com o desmatamento detectado em imagens Landsat TM e ETM+ na região norte da BR-163, Pará entre os anos de 1999 a 2004. Unpublished Thesis, Department of Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
20. Colinvaux P.A., and de Oliveira P.E. Amazon plant diversity and climate through the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166 (2001) 51-63
21. Cosson J.F., Ringuet S., Claessens O., de Massary J.C., Dalecky A., Villiers J.F., Granjon L., and Pons J.M. Ecological changes in recent land-bridges islands in French Guiana, with emphasis on vertebrate communities. Biological Conservation 91 2-3 (1999) 213-222
22. Cosson J.F., Pons J.M., and Masson D. Effects of forest fragmentation on frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in French Guiana. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15 (1999) 515-534
23. Crome F.H.J., and Richards G.C. Bats and gaps: microchiropteran community structure in a Queensland rainforest. Ecology 69 (1988) 1960-1969
24. Davies K.F., and Margules C.R. Effects of forest fragmentation on carabid beetles: experimental evidence. Journal of Animal Ecology 67 (1998) 460-471
25. Debinski D.M., and Holt R.D. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conservation Biology 14 2 (2000) 342-355
26. Estrada A., and Coates-Estrada R. Bats in continuous forest, forest fragments and in an agricultural mosaic habitat-island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Biological Conservation 103 (2002) 237-245
27. Estrada A., Coates-Estrada R., and Merrit Jr. D. Bat species richness and abundance in tropical rain forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Ecography 16 (1993) 309-318
28. Estrada A., Coates-Estrada R., Merritt D., Montiel S., and Curiel D. Patterns of frugivore species richness and abundance in forest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, México. Vegetatio 107/108 (1993) 245-257
29. FAO, 1993. Forest Resources Assessment 1990: Tropical Countries. FAO Forestry Paper 112, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.
30. Fearnside P.M. Land-tenure issues as factors in environmental destruction in Brazilian Amazonia: The case of Southern Pará. World Development 29 8 (2001) 1361-1372
31. Fearnside P.M. Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: history, rates, and consequences. Conservation Biology 19 3 (2005) 680-688
32. Fearnside P.M., and Salati E. Explosive deforestation in Rondônia, Brazil. Environmental Conservation 12 4 (1985) 355-356
33. Feinsinger P., Spears E.E., and Poole R.W. A simple measure of niche breadth. Ecology 62 (1981) 27-32
34. Fenton M.B., Acharya L., Audet D., Hickey M.B., Merriman C., Obrist M., and Syme S.M. Phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) as indicators of habitat disruption in the Neotropics. Biotropica 24 (1992) 440-446
35. Findley J.S. Bats: a Community Perspective (1993), University Press, Cambridge
36. Finegan B. Pattern and process in neotropical secondary rain forests: The first 100 years of sucession. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 3 (1996) 119-124
37. Fleming T.H. The Short-tailed Fruit Bat (1988), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
38. Forman R.T.T., and Godron M. Landscape Ecology (1986), Wiley, New York
39. Freitas H.A., Pessenda L.C.R., Aravena R., Gouveia S.E.M., Ribeiro A.S., and Boulet R. Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the Southern Amazon Basin inferred from carbon isotopes in soil organic matter. Quaternary Research 55 (2001) 39-46
40. Gascon C. Breeding-habitat use by 5 Amazonian frogs at forest edge. Biodiversity and Conservation 2 4 (1993) 438-444
41. Gascon C., Lovejoy T.E., Bierregaard R.O., Malcolm J.R., Stouffer P.C., Vasconcelos H.L., Laurance W.F., Zimmerman B.L., Tocher M.D., and Borges S. Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants. Biological Conservation 91 2-3 (1999) 223-229
42. Gorchov D.L., Cornejo F., Ascorra C., and Jaramillo M. The role of seed dispersal in the natural revegetation of rain forest after strip-cutting in the Peruvian Amazon. In: Fleming T.H., and Estrada A. (Eds). Frugivory and Seed Dispersal: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects (1993), Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht 339-349
43. Gorresen P.M., and Willig M.R. Landscape responses of bats to habitat fragmentation in Atlantic Forest of Paraguay. Journal of Mammalogy 85 4 (2004) 688-697
44. Grindal S.D., and Brigham R.M. Short-term effects of small-scale habitat disturbance on activity by insectivorous bats. Journal of Wildlife Management 62 3 (1998) 996-1003
45. Haberle S.G., and Maslin M.A. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Amazon Basin based on a 50,000 year pollen record from the Amazon Fan, ODP Site 932. Quaternary Research 51 (1999) 27-38
46. Handley C.O., Wilson D.E., and Gardner A.L. Demography and natural history of the common fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 511 (1991) 1-173
47. INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). 2006. Monitoramento da Floresta Amazônica Brasileira por Satélite. Projeto PRODES. Available from: .
48. Kenkel N.C., and Orlóci L. Applying metric and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: some new results. Ecology 67 4 (1986) 918-928
49. Koopman K.F. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson D.E., and Reeder D.M. (Eds). Mammals Species of the World, a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. second ed. (1993), Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, DC 137-241
50. Laurance W.F. Ecological correlates of extinction proneness in Australian tropical rain forest mammals. Conservation Biology 5 (1991) 79-89
51. Laurance W.F. Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: application of a model for the design of nature reserves. Biological Conservation 57 (1991) 205-219
52. Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
53. Laurance W.F., Lovejoy T.E., Vasconcelos H.L., Bruna E.M., Didham R.K., Stouffer P.C., Gascon C., Bierregaard R.O., Laurance S.G., and Sampaio E. Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments: a 22-year investigation. Conservation Biology 16 3 (2002) 605-618
54. Law B.S., and Anderson J. Roost preferences and foraging ranges of the eastern forest bat Vespadelus pumilus under two disturbance histories in northern New South Wales, Australia. Austral Ecology 25 (2000) 352-367
55. Law B.S., and Lean M. Common blossom bats (Syconycteris australis) as pollinators in a fragmented Australian tropical rainforest. Biological Conservation 91 2-3 (1999) 201-212
56. Law B.S., Anderson J., and Chidel M. Bat communities in a fragmented forest landscape on the south-west slopes of New South Wales, Australia. Biological Conservation 88 (1999) 333-345
57. Legendre P., and Anderson M.J. Distance-based redundancy analysis: testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments. Ecological Monographs 69 1 (1999) 1-24
58. Lindemayer D.B., and Nix H.A. Ecological principles for the design of wildlife corridors. Conservation Biology 3 (1993) 627-630
59. Lumsden L.F., and Bennett A.F. Scattered trees in rural landscapes: foraging habitat for insectivorous bats in south-eastern Australia. Biological Conservation 122 (2005) 205-222
60. Lynam A.J. Rapid decline of small mammal diversity in monsoon evergreen forest fragments in Thailand. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 222-240
61. 4 plants to higher trophic levels in an Amazonian savanna. Oecologia 119 (1999) 91-96
62. Malcolm J.R. Biomass and diversity of small mammals in Amazonian forest fragments. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 207-221
63. Margules C.R. Experimental fragmentation. In: Settele J., Margules C.R., Poschlod P., and Henle K. (Eds). Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes (1996), Kluwer Academics, The Netherlands 128-137
64. Margules C.R., and Milkovits G.A. Contrasting effects of habitat fragmentation on the scorpion Cercophonius squama and an amphipod. Ecology 75 (1994) 2033-2042
65. Marinho-Filho J., and Sazima I. Brazilian bats and conservation biology: a first survey. In: Kunz T.H., and Racey P.A. (Eds). Bat Biology and Conservation (1998), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC 282-294
66. McArthur R.H., and Wilson E.O. The Theory of Island Biogeography (1967), Princeton University Press, Princeton
67. Minchin P.R. An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. Vegetatio 69 (1987) 89-107
68. Miranda I.S. Estrutura do estrato arbóreo do cerrado amazônico em Alter do Chão, Pará, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 16 2 (1993) 143-150
69. Newell G.R. Response of Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) to loss of habitat within a tropical rainforest fragment. Biological Conservation 91 2-3 (1999) 181-189
70. Numa C., Verdú J.R., and Sánchez-Palomino P. Phyllostomid bat diversity in a variegated coffee landscape. Biological Conservation 122 (2005) 151-158
71. Offerman H.L., Dale V.H., Pearson S.M., Bierregaard R.O., and O'Neill R.V. Effects of forest fragmentation on Neotropical fauna: current research and data availability. Environmental Review 3 (1995) 191-211
72. Pires J.M., and Prance G.T. The vegetation types of the Brazilian Amazon. In: Prance G.T., and Lovejoy T.E. (Eds). Amazonia (1985), Pergamon Press, Oxford 109-145
73. Reis N.R., and Muller M.F. Bat diversity of forest an open areas in a subtropical region of South Brazil. Ecologia Austral 5 (1995) 31-36
74. Saldarriaga J.G., West D.C., Tharp M.L., and Uhl C. Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Rio Negro of Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Tropical Ecology 76 4 (1988) 938-958
75. Sampaio E.M. Effects of Forest Fragmentation on the Diversity and Abundance Patterns of Central Amazonian Bats (2000), University of Tübingen, Berlin, Logos-Verlag
76. Sampaio E.M., Kalko E.K.V., Bernard E., Rodriguez-Herrera B., and Handley C.O. A biodiversity assessment of bats (Chiroptera) in a tropical lowland rainforest of Central Amazonia, including methodological and conservation considerations. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 38 1 (2003) 17-31
77. Schmiegelow F.K.A., Machtans C.S., and Hannon S.J. Are boreal birds resilient to forest fragmentation: an experimental study of short-term community responses. Ecology 78 (1997) 1914-1932
78. Schnitzler H.U., and Kalko E.K.V. Echolocation by insect-eating bats. BioScience 51 7 (2001) 557-569
79. Schultz C.B. Dispersal behaviour and its implications for reserve design in a rare Oregon butterfly. Conservation Biology 12 2 (1998) 284-292
80. Schulze M.D., Seavy N.E., and Whitacre D.F. A comparison of the phyllostomid bat assemblages in undisturbed Neotropical forest and forest fragments of a slash-and-burn farming mosaic in Petén, Guatemala. Biotropica 32 1 (2000) 174-184
81. Sieving K.E., and Karr J.R. Avian extinction and persistance mechanisms in lowland Panama. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology Management and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 156-170
82. Silva J.M.C., Uhl C., and Murray G. Plant succession, landscape management, and the ecology of frugivorous birds in abandoned Amazonian pastures. Conservation Biology 10 2 (1996) 491-503
83. Simmons N.B. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson D.E., and Reeder D.M. (Eds). Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. third ed. (2005), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC
84. SPSS, 2001. SPSS for Windows. Release 11.0.1. SPSS Inc., Richmond, USA.
85. SYSTAT, 1998, Systat version 8.0. Systat Software Inc. Richmond, USA.
86. Tabarelli M., and Gascon C. Lessons from fragmentation research: improving management and policy guidelines for biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 19 3 (2005) 734-739
87. Tocher M.D., Gascon C., and Zimmerman B.L. Fragmentation effects of a central Amazonian frog community: a ten year study. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 124-137
88. Turner I.M., and Corlett R.T. The conservation value of small, isolated fragments of lowland tropical rain forest. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 8 (1996) 330-333
89. Whitmore T.C. Tropical forest disturbance, disappearance, and species loss. In: Laurance W.F., and Bierregaard R.O. (Eds). Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities (1997), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 3-12
90. Zubaid A. A comparison of the bat fauna between a primary and fragmented secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Mammalia 57 2 (1993) 201-206