메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 837-861

First-Trimester Screening

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN A;

EID: 37849185991     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2006.10.017     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (176)
  • 3
    • 0019501816 scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas: sonographic detection
    • Phillips H.E., and McGahan J.P. Intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas: sonographic detection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 136 4 (1981) 799-802
    • (1981) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.136 , Issue.4 , pp. 799-802
    • Phillips, H.E.1    McGahan, J.P.2
  • 4
    • 0020533418 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound scanning in the prenatal diagnosis of Turner's syndrome
    • Toftager-Larsen K., Benzie R.J., Doran T.A., et al. Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound scanning in the prenatal diagnosis of Turner's syndrome. Prenat Diagn 3 1 (1983) 35-40
    • (1983) Prenat Diagn , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-40
    • Toftager-Larsen, K.1    Benzie, R.J.2    Doran, T.A.3
  • 5
    • 0020571149 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cystic hygroma. Cause and natural history
    • Chervenak F.A., Isaacson G., Blakemore K.J., et al. Fetal cystic hygroma. Cause and natural history. N Engl J Med 309 14 (1983) 822-825
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.309 , Issue.14 , pp. 822-825
    • Chervenak, F.A.1    Isaacson, G.2    Blakemore, K.J.3
  • 6
    • 0021246672 scopus 로고
    • Genetics of sonographically detected intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas
    • Newman D.E., and Cooperberg P.L. Genetics of sonographically detected intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas. J Can Assoc Radiol 35 1 (1984) 77-79
    • (1984) J Can Assoc Radiol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-79
    • Newman, D.E.1    Cooperberg, P.L.2
  • 7
    • 0021274140 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic features of the fetal Turner syndrome
    • Brown B.S., and Thompson D.L. Ultrasonographic features of the fetal Turner syndrome. J Can Assoc Radiol 35 1 (1984) 40-46
    • (1984) J Can Assoc Radiol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-46
    • Brown, B.S.1    Thompson, D.L.2
  • 8
    • 0021743025 scopus 로고
    • Aneuploidy and cystic hygroma detectable by ultrasound
    • Redford D.H., McNay M.B., Ferguson-Smith M.E., et al. Aneuploidy and cystic hygroma detectable by ultrasound. Prenat Diagn 4 5 (1984) 377-382
    • (1984) Prenat Diagn , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 377-382
    • Redford, D.H.1    McNay, M.B.2    Ferguson-Smith, M.E.3
  • 9
    • 0021863843 scopus 로고
    • Cystic hygroma: prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling
    • Marchese C., Savin E., Dragone E., et al. Cystic hygroma: prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling. Prenat Diagn 5 3 (1985) 221-227
    • (1985) Prenat Diagn , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-227
    • Marchese, C.1    Savin, E.2    Dragone, E.3
  • 10
    • 0022638052 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cystic hygroma colli: antenatal diagnosis, significance, and management
    • Garden A.S., Benzie R.J., Miskin M., et al. Fetal cystic hygroma colli: antenatal diagnosis, significance, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154 2 (1986) 221-225
    • (1986) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.154 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-225
    • Garden, A.S.1    Benzie, R.J.2    Miskin, M.3
  • 11
    • 85044685385 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 in first-trimester
    • Brambati B., and Simoni G. Diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 in first-trimester. Lancet 1 8324 (1983) 586
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8324 , pp. 586
    • Brambati, B.1    Simoni, G.2
  • 12
    • 0021252695 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester diagnosis of cystic nuchal hygroma
    • Gustavii B., and Edvall H. First-trimester diagnosis of cystic nuchal hygroma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 4 (1984) 383-386
    • (1984) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.4 , pp. 383-386
    • Gustavii, B.1    Edvall, H.2
  • 13
    • 0023341367 scopus 로고
    • The importance of chorionic villus sampling after first-trimester diagnosis of cystic hygroma
    • Reuss A., Pijpers L., Schampers P.T.F.N., et al. The importance of chorionic villus sampling after first-trimester diagnosis of cystic hygroma. Prenat Diagn 7 (1987) 299-301
    • (1987) Prenat Diagn , vol.7 , pp. 299-301
    • Reuss, A.1    Pijpers, L.2    Schampers, P.T.F.N.3
  • 14
    • 0024354901 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester and early second-trimester diagnosis of nuchal cystic hygroma by transvaginal sonography: diverse prognosis of the septated from the nonseptated lesion
    • Bronshtein M., Rottem S., Yoffe N., et al. First-trimester and early second-trimester diagnosis of nuchal cystic hygroma by transvaginal sonography: diverse prognosis of the septated from the nonseptated lesion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 1 (1988) 78-82
    • (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-82
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Rottem, S.2    Yoffe, N.3
  • 15
    • 0021821587 scopus 로고
    • A sonographic sign for detection in the second-trimester of the fetus with Down's syndrome
    • Benacerraf B.R., Barss V., and Laboda L.A. A sonographic sign for detection in the second-trimester of the fetus with Down's syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151 (1985) 1078-1079
    • (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.151 , pp. 1078-1079
    • Benacerraf, B.R.1    Barss, V.2    Laboda, L.A.3
  • 16
    • 0023631659 scopus 로고
    • Sonographic identification of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome
    • Benacerraf B.R., Gelman R., and Frigoletto F.D. Sonographic identification of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome. N Engl J Med 317 (1987) 1371-1376
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Benacerraf, B.R.1    Gelman, R.2    Frigoletto, F.D.3
  • 17
    • 0026562612 scopus 로고
    • Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first-trimester of pregnancy
    • Nicolaides K.H., Azar G., Byrne D., et al. Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in first-trimester of pregnancy. BMJ 304 6831 (1992) 867-869
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , Issue.6831 , pp. 867-869
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Azar, G.2    Byrne, D.3
  • 18
    • 0029180678 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal defects and outcome in 1015 fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
    • Pandya P.P., Kondylios A., Hilbert L., et al. Chromosomal defects and outcome in 1015 fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 5 (1995) 15-19
    • (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.5 , pp. 15-19
    • Pandya, P.P.1    Kondylios, A.2    Hilbert, L.3
  • 19
    • 0032146382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Snijders R.J.M., Noble P., Sebire N., et al. UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Lancet 352 (1998) 343-346
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 343-346
    • Snijders, R.J.M.1    Noble, P.2    Sebire, N.3
  • 20
    • 0031047257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalites of the heart and great arteries in first-trimester chromosomally abnormal fetuses
    • Hyett J.A., Moscoso G., and Nicolaides K.H. Abnormalites of the heart and great arteries in first-trimester chromosomally abnormal fetuses. Am J Med Genet 69 (1997) 207-216
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.69 , pp. 207-216
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Moscoso, G.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 21
    • 0030724595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks of gestation as a marker for major cardiac defects
    • Hyett J.A., Perdu M., Sharland G.K., et al. Increased nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks of gestation as a marker for major cardiac defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10 (1997) 242-246
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.10 , pp. 242-246
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Perdu, M.2    Sharland, G.K.3
  • 22
    • 15944396491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fetal heart or the lymphatic system or ...? The quest for the etiology of increased nuchal translucency
    • Carvalho J.S. The fetal heart or the lymphatic system or ...? The quest for the etiology of increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25 3 (2005) 215-220
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-220
    • Carvalho, J.S.1
  • 23
    • 0029925458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in trisomic fetuses
    • Hyett J.A., Brizot M.L., von Kaisenberg C.S., et al. Cardiac gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in trisomic fetuses. Obstet Gynecol 87 (1996) 506-510
    • (1996) Obstet Gynecol , vol.87 , pp. 506-510
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Brizot, M.L.2    von Kaisenberg, C.S.3
  • 24
    • 0032435220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 11-14 weeks: the role of ductus venosus blood flow
    • Matias A., Gomes C., Flack N., et al. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 11-14 weeks: the role of ductus venosus blood flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 12 (1998) 380-384
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.12 , pp. 380-384
    • Matias, A.1    Gomes, C.2    Flack, N.3
  • 25
    • 0033377885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac defects in chromosomally normal fetuses with abnormal ductus venosus blood flow at 10-14 weeks
    • Matias A., Huggon I., Areias J.C., et al. Cardiac defects in chromosomally normal fetuses with abnormal ductus venosus blood flow at 10-14 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 14 (1999) 307-310
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.14 , pp. 307-310
    • Matias, A.1    Huggon, I.2    Areias, J.C.3
  • 26
    • 0024469395 scopus 로고
    • Lymphatic abnormalities in fetuses with posterior cervical cystic hygroma
    • Chitayat D., Kalousek D.K., and Bamforth J.S. Lymphatic abnormalities in fetuses with posterior cervical cystic hygroma. Am J Med Genet 33 (1989) 352-356
    • (1989) Am J Med Genet , vol.33 , pp. 352-356
    • Chitayat, D.1    Kalousek, D.K.2    Bamforth, J.S.3
  • 27
    • 0032994530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphatic vessel hypoplasia in fetuses with Turner syndrome
    • von Kaisenberg C.S., Nicolaides K.H., and Brand-Saberi B. Lymphatic vessel hypoplasia in fetuses with Turner syndrome. Hum Reprod 14 (1999) 823-826
    • (1999) Hum Reprod , vol.14 , pp. 823-826
    • von Kaisenberg, C.S.1    Nicolaides, K.H.2    Brand-Saberi, B.3
  • 28
    • 0030752070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal congenital arthrogryposis presents with increased nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Hyett J., Noble P., Sebire N.J., et al. Lethal congenital arthrogryposis presents with increased nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 9 (1997) 310-313
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.9 , pp. 310-313
    • Hyett, J.1    Noble, P.2    Sebire, N.J.3
  • 29
    • 0032032234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen Type VI gene expression in the skin of trisomy 21 fetuses
    • von Kaisenberg C.S., Brand-Saberi B., Christ B., et al. Collagen Type VI gene expression in the skin of trisomy 21 fetuses. Obstet Gynecol 91 (1998) 319-323
    • (1998) Obstet Gynecol , vol.91 , pp. 319-323
    • von Kaisenberg, C.S.1    Brand-Saberi, B.2    Christ, B.3
  • 30
    • 0031950766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological classification of nuchal skin in fetuses with trisomy 21, 18 and 13 at 12-18 weeks and in a trisomy 16 mouse
    • von Kaisenberg C.S., Krenn V., Ludwig M., et al. Morphological classification of nuchal skin in fetuses with trisomy 21, 18 and 13 at 12-18 weeks and in a trisomy 16 mouse. Anat Embryol (Berl) 197 (1998) 105-124
    • (1998) Anat Embryol (Berl) , vol.197 , pp. 105-124
    • von Kaisenberg, C.S.1    Krenn, V.2    Ludwig, M.3
  • 31
    • 0029792138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency cannot be used as a screening test for chromosomal abnormalities in the first-trimester of pregnancy in a routine ultrasound practice
    • Kornman L.H., Morssink L.P., Beekhuis J.R., et al. Nuchal translucency cannot be used as a screening test for chromosomal abnormalities in the first-trimester of pregnancy in a routine ultrasound practice. Prenat Diagn 16 (1996) 797-805
    • (1996) Prenat Diagn , vol.16 , pp. 797-805
    • Kornman, L.H.1    Morssink, L.P.2    Beekhuis, J.R.3
  • 32
    • 37949057215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bower S, Chitty L, Bewley S, et al. First-trimester nuchal translucency screening of the general population: data from three centres [abstract]. Presented at the 27th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Dublin, Ireland, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 1995.
  • 33
    • 0029002236 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester fetal nuchal translucency: problems with screening the general population 1
    • Roberts L.J., Bewley S., Mackinson A.M., et al. First-trimester fetal nuchal translucency: problems with screening the general population 1. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102 (1995) 381-385
    • (1995) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.102 , pp. 381-385
    • Roberts, L.J.1    Bewley, S.2    Mackinson, A.M.3
  • 34
    • 0032517577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome
    • Monni G., Ibba R.M., and Zoppi M.A. Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. Lancet 352 (1998) 1631-1632
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1631-1632
    • Monni, G.1    Ibba, R.M.2    Zoppi, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 0030225493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency measurements: training of potential examiners
    • Braithwaite J.M., Kadir R.A., Pepera T.A., et al. Nuchal translucency measurements: training of potential examiners. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 8 (1996) 192-195
    • (1996) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.8 , pp. 192-195
    • Braithwaite, J.M.1    Kadir, R.A.2    Pepera, T.A.3
  • 36
    • 0029303065 scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness
    • Pandya P.P., Altman D., Brizot M.L., et al. Repeatability of measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 5 (1995) 334-337
    • (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.5 , pp. 334-337
    • Pandya, P.P.1    Altman, D.2    Brizot, M.L.3
  • 37
    • 0029181608 scopus 로고
    • The implementation of first-trimester scanning at 10-13 weeks' gestation and the measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in two maternity units
    • Pandya P.P., Goldberg H., Walton B., et al. The implementation of first-trimester scanning at 10-13 weeks' gestation and the measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in two maternity units. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 5 (1995) 20-25
    • (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.5 , pp. 20-25
    • Pandya, P.P.1    Goldberg, H.2    Walton, B.3
  • 38
    • 0029268436 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester ultrasound screening for fetal aneuploidies in women over 35 and under 35 years of age
    • Szabo J., Gellen J., and Szemere G. First-trimester ultrasound screening for fetal aneuploidies in women over 35 and under 35 years of age. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 5 (1995) 161-163
    • (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.5 , pp. 161-163
    • Szabo, J.1    Gellen, J.2    Szemere, G.3
  • 39
    • 0030664976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased nuchal translucency as a marker for fetal chromosomal defects
    • Taipale P., Hiilesmaa V., Salonen R., et al. Increased nuchal translucency as a marker for fetal chromosomal defects. N Engl J Med 337 (1997) 1654-1658
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1654-1658
    • Taipale, P.1    Hiilesmaa, V.2    Salonen, R.3
  • 40
    • 0031974021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of routine fetal nuchal translucency measurement at 10-13 weeks in 4233 unselected pregnant women
    • Hafner E., Schuchter K., Liebhart E., et al. Results of routine fetal nuchal translucency measurement at 10-13 weeks in 4233 unselected pregnant women. Prenat Diagn 18 (1998) 29-34
    • (1998) Prenat Diagn , vol.18 , pp. 29-34
    • Hafner, E.1    Schuchter, K.2    Liebhart, E.3
  • 41
    • 0031669166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for Down's syndrome by fetal nuchal translucency measurement in a general obstetric population
    • Pajkrt E., van Lith J.M.M., Mol B.W.J., et al. Screening for Down's syndrome by fetal nuchal translucency measurement in a general obstetric population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 12 (1998) 163-169
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.12 , pp. 163-169
    • Pajkrt, E.1    van Lith, J.M.M.2    Mol, B.W.J.3
  • 42
    • 0031963135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester sonographic detection of chromosomal abnormalities in an unselected population
    • Economides D.L., Whitlow B.J., Kadir R., et al. First-trimester sonographic detection of chromosomal abnormalities in an unselected population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105 (1998) 58-62
    • (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.105 , pp. 58-62
    • Economides, D.L.1    Whitlow, B.J.2    Kadir, R.3
  • 43
    • 0034010666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of risk for chromosomal abnormalities at 10-14 weeks of gestation by nuchal translucency and maternal age in 5210 fetuses at a single centre
    • Zoppi M.A., Ibba R.M., Putzolu M., et al. Assessment of risk for chromosomal abnormalities at 10-14 weeks of gestation by nuchal translucency and maternal age in 5210 fetuses at a single centre. Fetal Diagn Ther 15 (2000) 170-173
    • (2000) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.15 , pp. 170-173
    • Zoppi, M.A.1    Ibba, R.M.2    Putzolu, M.3
  • 44
    • 0032843911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester nuchal translucency: effective routine screening for Down's syndrome
    • Thilaganathan B., Sairam S., Michailidis G., et al. First-trimester nuchal translucency: effective routine screening for Down's syndrome. Br J Radiol 72 (1999) 946-948
    • (1999) Br J Radiol , vol.72 , pp. 946-948
    • Thilaganathan, B.1    Sairam, S.2    Michailidis, G.3
  • 45
    • 0012773306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for fetal aneuploidies and fetal cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness measurement at 10-14 weeks of gestation as part of routine antenatal care in an unselected population
    • Schwarzler P., Carvalho J.S., Senat M.V., et al. Screening for fetal aneuploidies and fetal cardiac abnormalities by nuchal translucency thickness measurement at 10-14 weeks of gestation as part of routine antenatal care in an unselected population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106 (1999) 1029-1034
    • (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.106 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Schwarzler, P.1    Carvalho, J.S.2    Senat, M.V.3
  • 46
    • 0031933495 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of first-trimester screening by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal age
    • Theodoropoulos P., Lolis D., Papageorgiou C., et al. Evaluation of first-trimester screening by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal age. Prenat Diagn 18 (1988) 133-137
    • (1988) Prenat Diagn , vol.18 , pp. 133-137
    • Theodoropoulos, P.1    Lolis, D.2    Papageorgiou, C.3
  • 47
    • 0032999749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A screening program for trisomy 21 at 10-14 weeks using fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
    • Spencer K., Souter V., Tul N., et al. A screening program for trisomy 21 at 10-14 weeks using fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 13 (1999) 231-237
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.13 , pp. 231-237
    • Spencer, K.1    Souter, V.2    Tul, N.3
  • 48
    • 0027962426 scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum pregnancy associated placental protein A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for the prediction of fetal trisomies in early pregnancy
    • Brizot M.L., Snijders R.J.M., Bersinger N.A., et al. Maternal serum pregnancy associated placental protein A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for the prediction of fetal trisomies in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 84 (1994) 918-922
    • (1994) Obstet Gynecol , vol.84 , pp. 918-922
    • Brizot, M.L.1    Snijders, R.J.M.2    Bersinger, N.A.3
  • 49
    • 0028929622 scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum hCG and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for the prediction of fetal trisomies in the first-trimester of pregnancy
    • Brizot M.L., Snijders R.J.M., Butler J., et al. Maternal serum hCG and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for the prediction of fetal trisomies in the first-trimester of pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102 (1995) 1227-1232
    • (1995) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.102 , pp. 1227-1232
    • Brizot, M.L.1    Snijders, R.J.M.2    Butler, J.3
  • 50
    • 22544442740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester septated cystic hygroma: prevalence, natural history, and pediatric outcome
    • FASTER Trial Research Consortium
    • Malone F.D., Ball R.H., Nyberg D.A., et al., FASTER Trial Research Consortium. First-trimester septated cystic hygroma: prevalence, natural history, and pediatric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 106 2 (2005) 288-294
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 288-294
    • Malone, F.D.1    Ball, R.H.2    Nyberg, D.A.3
  • 51
    • 15944407337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased nuchal translucency and distended jugular lymphatic sacs on first-trimester ultrasound
    • Bekker M.N., Haak M.C., Rekoert-Hollander M., et al. Increased nuchal translucency and distended jugular lymphatic sacs on first-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25 3 (2005) 239-245
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-245
    • Bekker, M.N.1    Haak, M.C.2    Rekoert-Hollander, M.3
  • 52
    • 21844478303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal lateral neck cysts: the significance of associated findings
    • Sharony R., Tepper R., and Fejgin M. Fetal lateral neck cysts: the significance of associated findings. Prenat Diagn 25 6 (2005) 507-510
    • (2005) Prenat Diagn , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 507-510
    • Sharony, R.1    Tepper, R.2    Fejgin, M.3
  • 53
    • 0031438395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for fetal aneuploidy: biochemistry and nuchal translucency
    • Orlandi F., Damiani G., Hallahan T.W., et al. First-trimester screening for fetal aneuploidy: biochemistry and nuchal translucency. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10 (1997) 381-386
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.10 , pp. 381-386
    • Orlandi, F.1    Damiani, G.2    Hallahan, T.W.3
  • 54
    • 0031716465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for Down's syndrome using maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-hCG in combination with fetal nuchal translucency thickness
    • Biagiotti R., Brizzi L., Periti E., et al. First-trimester screening for Down's syndrome using maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-hCG in combination with fetal nuchal translucency thickness. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 105 (1998) 917-920
    • (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.105 , pp. 917-920
    • Biagiotti, R.1    Brizzi, L.2    Periti, E.3
  • 55
    • 0033042056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of ultrasound and biochemical markers for Down's syndrome risk screening. A prospective study
    • Benattar C., Audibert F., Taieb J., et al. Efficiency of ultrasound and biochemical markers for Down's syndrome risk screening. A prospective study. Fetal Diagn Ther 14 (1999) 112-117
    • (1999) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.14 , pp. 112-117
    • Benattar, C.1    Audibert, F.2    Taieb, J.3
  • 56
    • 0032915259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for Down syndrome using nuchal translucency measurement with beta-hCG and PAPP-A between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy-the combination test
    • De Biasio P., Siccardi M., Volpe G., et al. First-trimester screening for Down syndrome using nuchal translucency measurement with beta-hCG and PAPP-A between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy-the combination test. Prenat Diagn 19 (1999) 360-363
    • (1999) Prenat Diagn , vol.19 , pp. 360-363
    • De Biasio, P.1    Siccardi, M.2    Volpe, G.3
  • 57
    • 0032950932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early pregnancy screening for fetal aneuploidy with serum markers and nuchal translucency
    • De Graaf I.M., Parkrt E., Bilardo C.M., et al. Early pregnancy screening for fetal aneuploidy with serum markers and nuchal translucency. Prenat Diagn 19 (1999) 458-462
    • (1999) Prenat Diagn , vol.19 , pp. 458-462
    • De Graaf, I.M.1    Parkrt, E.2    Bilardo, C.M.3
  • 58
    • 0033923443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester Down syndrome screening using dried blood biochemistry and nuchal translucency
    • Krantz D.A., Hallahan T.W., Orlandi F., et al. First-trimester Down syndrome screening using dried blood biochemistry and nuchal translucency. Obstet Gynecol 96 (2000) 207-213
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.96 , pp. 207-213
    • Krantz, D.A.1    Hallahan, T.W.2    Orlandi, F.3
  • 59
    • 23644453462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities
    • Nicolaides K.H. First-trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Semin Perinatol 29 4 (2005) 190-194
    • (2005) Semin Perinatol , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 190-194
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1
  • 60
    • 0141863495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening (BUN) Study Group. First-trimester screening for trisomies 21 and 18
    • Wapner R., Thom E., Simpson J.L., et al. First-trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening (BUN) Study Group. First-trimester screening for trisomies 21 and 18. N Engl J Med 349 15 (2003) 1405-1413
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , Issue.15 , pp. 1405-1413
    • Wapner, R.1    Thom, E.2    Simpson, J.L.3
  • 61
    • 27744477773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester or second-trimester screening, or both, for Down's syndrome
    • First- and Second-Trimester Evaluation of Risk (FASTER) Research Consortium
    • Malone F.D., Canick J.A., Ball R.H., et al., First- and Second-Trimester Evaluation of Risk (FASTER) Research Consortium. First-trimester or second-trimester screening, or both, for Down's syndrome. N Engl J Med 353 19 (2005) 2001-2011
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.19 , pp. 2001-2011
    • Malone, F.D.1    Canick, J.A.2    Ball, R.H.3
  • 62
    • 0035904786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: an observational study
    • Cicero S., Curcio P., Papageorghiou A., et al. Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: an observational study. Lancet 358 (2001) 1665-1667
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1665-1667
    • Cicero, S.1    Curcio, P.2    Papageorghiou, A.3
  • 63
    • 1642378623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 in fetuses with absent nasal bone at the 11-14 week scan
    • Cicero S., Rembouskos G., Vandecruys H., et al. Likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 in fetuses with absent nasal bone at the 11-14 week scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23 (2004) 218-223
    • (2004) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.23 , pp. 218-223
    • Cicero, S.1    Rembouskos, G.2    Vandecruys, H.3
  • 64
    • 19544386329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester ductus venosus, nasal bones, and Down syndrome in a high-risk population
    • Prefumo F., Sethna F., Sairam S., et al. First-trimester ductus venosus, nasal bones, and Down syndrome in a high-risk population. Obstet Gynecol 105 6 (2005) 1348-1354
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 1348-1354
    • Prefumo, F.1    Sethna, F.2    Sairam, S.3
  • 65
    • 0036796158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between first-trimester absence of fetal nasal bone on ultrasound and Down syndrome
    • Otano L., Aiello H., Igarzabal L., et al. Association between first-trimester absence of fetal nasal bone on ultrasound and Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn 22 (2002) 930-932
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 930-932
    • Otano, L.1    Aiello, H.2    Igarzabal, L.3
  • 66
    • 0038158869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of nasal bone length at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy and its potential role in Down syndrome risk assessment
    • Orlandi F., Bilardo C.M., Campogrande M., et al. Measurement of nasal bone length at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy and its potential role in Down syndrome risk assessment. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22 (2003) 36-39
    • (2003) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.22 , pp. 36-39
    • Orlandi, F.1    Bilardo, C.M.2    Campogrande, M.3
  • 67
    • 0142061118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound evaluation of fetal nasal bone at 11 to 14 weeks in a consecutive series of 1906 fetuses
    • Viora E., Masturzo B., Errange G., et al. Ultrasound evaluation of fetal nasal bone at 11 to 14 weeks in a consecutive series of 1906 fetuses. Prenat Diagn 23 (2003) 784-787
    • (2003) Prenat Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 784-787
    • Viora, E.1    Masturzo, B.2    Errange, G.3
  • 68
    • 0037490089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of fetal nasal bone and aneuploidies at first-trimester nuchal translucency screening in unselected pregnancies
    • Zoppi M.A., Ibba R.M., Axiana C., et al. Absence of fetal nasal bone and aneuploidies at first-trimester nuchal translucency screening in unselected pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 23 (2003) 496-500
    • (2003) Prenat Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 496-500
    • Zoppi, M.A.1    Ibba, R.M.2    Axiana, C.3
  • 69
    • 4043063702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency and other first-trimester sonographic markers of chromosomal abnormalities
    • Nicolaides K.H. Nuchal translucency and other first-trimester sonographic markers of chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 (2004) 45-67
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.191 , pp. 45-67
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1
  • 70
    • 9744220376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of the fetal nasal bone length measurement
    • Bekker M.N., Twisk J.W., and van Vugt J.M. Reproducibility of the fetal nasal bone length measurement. J Ultrasound Med 23 12 (2004) 1613-1618
    • (2004) J Ultrasound Med , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 1613-1618
    • Bekker, M.N.1    Twisk, J.W.2    van Vugt, J.M.3
  • 71
    • 20144386913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester nasal bone evaluation for aneuploidy in the general population
    • FASTER Research Consortium
    • Malone F.D., Ball R.H., Nyberg D.A., et al., FASTER Research Consortium. First-trimester nasal bone evaluation for aneuploidy in the general population. Obstet Gynecol 105 4 (2005) 901
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , Issue.4 , pp. 901
    • Malone, F.D.1    Ball, R.H.2    Nyberg, D.A.3
  • 72
    • 27144504477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for Down syndrome with ductus venosus Doppler studies in addition to nuchal translucency and serum markers
    • Borrell A., Gonce A., Martinez J.M., et al. First-trimester screening for Down syndrome with ductus venosus Doppler studies in addition to nuchal translucency and serum markers. Prenat Diagn 25 10 (2005) 901-905
    • (2005) Prenat Diagn , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 901-905
    • Borrell, A.1    Gonce, A.2    Martinez, J.M.3
  • 73
    • 23644445451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 in fetuses with tricuspid regurgitation at the 11 to 13 + 6-week scan
    • Faiola S., Tsoi E., Huggon I.C., et al. Likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 in fetuses with tricuspid regurgitation at the 11 to 13 + 6-week scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26 1 (2005) 22-27
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-27
    • Faiola, S.1    Tsoi, E.2    Huggon, I.C.3
  • 74
    • 15944409220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter study of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk-orientated two-stage first-trimester screening
    • Nicolaides K.H., Spencer K., Avgidou K., et al. Multicenter study of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk-orientated two-stage first-trimester screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25 3 (2005) 221-226
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-226
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Spencer, K.2    Avgidou, K.3
  • 75
    • 0033549839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated screening for Down's syndrome based on tests performed during the first and second-trimesters
    • Wald N.J., Watt H.C., and Hackshaw A.K. Integrated screening for Down's syndrome based on tests performed during the first and second-trimesters. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 461-467
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 461-467
    • Wald, N.J.1    Watt, H.C.2    Hackshaw, A.K.3
  • 77
    • 0033549746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome-a search for the family's values
    • Copel J., and Bahado-Singh R.O. Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome-a search for the family's values. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 521-522
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 521-522
    • Copel, J.1    Bahado-Singh, R.O.2
  • 78
    • 23844472966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical strategies in contingent sequential screening for Down syndrome
    • Benn P., Wright D., and Cuckle H. Practical strategies in contingent sequential screening for Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn 25 8 (2005) 645-652
    • (2005) Prenat Diagn , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 645-652
    • Benn, P.1    Wright, D.2    Cuckle, H.3
  • 79
    • 23644447739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening: the BUN Study
    • Wapner R.J. First-trimester screening: the BUN Study. Semin Perinatol 29 4 (2005) 236-239
    • (2005) Semin Perinatol , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 236-239
    • Wapner, R.J.1
  • 80
    • 10344227187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-stage ultrasonography in screening for fetal anomalies at 13-14 and 18-22 weeks of gestation
    • Taipale P., Ammala M., Salonen R., et al. Two-stage ultrasonography in screening for fetal anomalies at 13-14 and 18-22 weeks of gestation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 12 (2004) 1141-1146
    • (2004) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.83 , Issue.12 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Taipale, P.1    Ammala, M.2    Salonen, R.3
  • 81
    • 0001980464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of risks
    • Snijders R.J.M., and Nicolaides K.H. (Eds), Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth (UK)
    • Snijders R.J.M., and Nicolaides K.H. Assessment of risks. In: Snijders R.J.M., and Nicolaides K.H. (Eds). Ultrasound markers for fetal chromosomal defects (1996), Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth (UK) 63-120
    • (1996) Ultrasound markers for fetal chromosomal defects , pp. 63-120
    • Snijders, R.J.M.1    Nicolaides, K.H.2
  • 82
    • 0031821913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-adjusted ultrasound risk assessment for fetal Down's syndrome during the second-trimester: description of the method and analysis of 142 cases
    • Nyberg D.A., Luthy D.A., Resta R.G., et al. Age-adjusted ultrasound risk assessment for fetal Down's syndrome during the second-trimester: description of the method and analysis of 142 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynaecol 12 (1998) 8-14
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynaecol , vol.12 , pp. 8-14
    • Nyberg, D.A.1    Luthy, D.A.2    Resta, R.G.3
  • 83
    • 0034789740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated sonographic markers for detection of fetal Down syndrome in the second-trimester of pregnancy
    • Nyberg D.A., Souter V.L., El-Bastawissi A., et al. Isolated sonographic markers for detection of fetal Down syndrome in the second-trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 20 10 (2001) 1053-1063
    • (2001) J Ultrasound Med , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1053-1063
    • Nyberg, D.A.1    Souter, V.L.2    El-Bastawissi, A.3
  • 84
    • 31944436930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First and second trimester evaluation of risk: The role of second trimester genetic sonography
    • Malone F., Nyberg D.A., Vidaver J., et al. First and second trimester evaluation of risk: The role of second trimester genetic sonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 6 (2004) S3
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.191 , Issue.6
    • Malone, F.1    Nyberg, D.A.2    Vidaver, J.3
  • 85
    • 17644421030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency thickness in fetuses with chromosomal translocation at 11-12 weeks of gestation
    • Cheng P.J., Chang S.D., Shaw S.W., et al. Nuchal translucency thickness in fetuses with chromosomal translocation at 11-12 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol 105 (2005) 1058-1062
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , pp. 1058-1062
    • Cheng, P.J.1    Chang, S.D.2    Shaw, S.W.3
  • 86
    • 0032710295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 18 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Tul N., Spencer K., Noble P., et al. Screening for trisomy 18 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat Diagn 19 (1999) 1035-1042
    • (1999) Prenat Diagn , vol.19 , pp. 1035-1042
    • Tul, N.1    Spencer, K.2    Noble, P.3
  • 87
    • 0034073499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 13 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Spencer K., Ong C., Skentou H., et al. Screening for trisomy 13 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat Diagn 20 (2000) 411-416
    • (2000) Prenat Diagn , vol.20 , pp. 411-416
    • Spencer, K.1    Ong, C.2    Skentou, H.3
  • 88
    • 0034062921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A in fetal sex chromsome defects in the first-trimester
    • Spencer K., Tul N., and Nicolaides K.H. Maternal serum free beta hCG and PAPP-A in fetal sex chromsome defects in the first-trimester. Prenat Diagn 20 (2000) 390-394
    • (2000) Prenat Diagn , vol.20 , pp. 390-394
    • Spencer, K.1    Tul, N.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 89
    • 0034041082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for triploidy by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Spencer K., Liao A., Skentou H., et al. Screening for triploidy by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat Diagn 20 (2000) 495-499
    • (2000) Prenat Diagn , vol.20 , pp. 495-499
    • Spencer, K.1    Liao, A.2    Skentou, H.3
  • 90
    • 0034920539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancy in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency in the first-trimester
    • Souka A.P., Krampl E., Bakalis S., et al. Outcome of pregnancy in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency in the first-trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18 1 (2001) 9-17
    • (2001) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-17
    • Souka, A.P.1    Krampl, E.2    Bakalis, S.3
  • 91
    • 11144246304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does nuchal translucency have a role in fetal cardiac screening?
    • Hyett J. Does nuchal translucency have a role in fetal cardiac screening?. Prenat Diagn 24 13 (2004) 1130-1135
    • (2004) Prenat Diagn , vol.24 , Issue.13 , pp. 1130-1135
    • Hyett, J.1
  • 92
    • 7044269700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cardiac defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness: a prospective study
    • McAuliffe F.M., Hornberger L.K., Winsor S., et al. Fetal cardiac defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 4 (2004) 1486-1490
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.191 , Issue.4 , pp. 1486-1490
    • McAuliffe, F.M.1    Hornberger, L.K.2    Winsor, S.3
  • 93
    • 20644451411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening Study Group. Elevated first-trimester nuchal translucency increases the risk of congenital heart defects
    • Bahado-Singh R.O., Wapner R., Thom E., et al. First-trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening Study Group. Elevated first-trimester nuchal translucency increases the risk of congenital heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192 5 (2005) 1357-1361
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.192 , Issue.5 , pp. 1357-1361
    • Bahado-Singh, R.O.1    Wapner, R.2    Thom, E.3
  • 94
    • 12844258350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency and fetal cardiac defects: a pooled analysis of major fetal echocardiography centers
    • Makrydimas G., Sotiriadis A., Huggon I.C., et al. Nuchal translucency and fetal cardiac defects: a pooled analysis of major fetal echocardiography centers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192 (2005) 89-95
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.192 , pp. 89-95
    • Makrydimas, G.1    Sotiriadis, A.2    Huggon, I.C.3
  • 95
    • 0025012969 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography
    • Gembruch U., Knopfle G., Chatterjee M., et al. First-trimester diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Obstet Gynecol 75 (1990) 496-498
    • (1990) Obstet Gynecol , vol.75 , pp. 496-498
    • Gembruch, U.1    Knopfle, G.2    Chatterjee, M.3
  • 96
    • 0025652072 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect and overriding aorta at 14 weeks' gestation, using transvaginal sonography
    • Bronshtein M., Siegler E., Yoffe N., et al. Prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect and overriding aorta at 14 weeks' gestation, using transvaginal sonography. Prenat Diagn 10 (1990) 697-702
    • (1990) Prenat Diagn , vol.10 , pp. 697-702
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Siegler, E.2    Yoffe, N.3
  • 97
    • 84989093828 scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal echocardiography
    • Gembruch U., Knopfle G., Bald R., et al. Early diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 3 (1993) 310-317
    • (1993) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.3 , pp. 310-317
    • Gembruch, U.1    Knopfle, G.2    Bald, R.3
  • 98
    • 0028233620 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal ultrasonography
    • Achiron R., Rotstein Z., Lipitz S., et al. First-trimester diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal ultrasonography. Obstet Gynecol 84 (1994) 69-72
    • (1994) Obstet Gynecol , vol.84 , pp. 69-72
    • Achiron, R.1    Rotstein, Z.2    Lipitz, S.3
  • 99
    • 0032797668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of major cardiac defects in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
    • Zosmer N., Souter V.L., Chan C.S.Y., et al. Early diagnosis of major cardiac defects in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106 (1999) 829-833
    • (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.106 , pp. 829-833
    • Zosmer, N.1    Souter, V.L.2    Chan, C.S.Y.3
  • 100
    • 23644436270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between nuchal translucency thickness and prevalence of major cardiac defects in fetuses with normal karyotype
    • Atzei A., Gajewska K., Huggon I.C., et al. Relationship between nuchal translucency thickness and prevalence of major cardiac defects in fetuses with normal karyotype. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26 2 (2005) 154-157
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-157
    • Atzei, A.1    Gajewska, K.2    Huggon, I.C.3
  • 101
    • 0033537299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study
    • Hyett J.A., Perdu M., Sharland G.K., et al. Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ 318 (1999) 81-85
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 81-85
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Perdu, M.2    Sharland, G.K.3
  • 102
    • 0032481844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester transabdominal fetal echocardiography
    • Carvahlo J.S., Moscoso G., and Ville Y. First-trimester transabdominal fetal echocardiography. Lancet 351 (1998) 1023-1027
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1023-1027
    • Carvahlo, J.S.1    Moscoso, G.2    Ville, Y.3
  • 103
  • 104
    • 0034913621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nuchal translucency and normal chromosomes: a long-term follow-up study
    • Hiippala A., Eronen M., Taipale P., et al. Fetal nuchal translucency and normal chromosomes: a long-term follow-up study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18 (2001) 18-22
    • (2001) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.18 , pp. 18-22
    • Hiippala, A.1    Eronen, M.2    Taipale, P.3
  • 105
    • 0029847927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Sebire N.J., Snijders R.J.M., Hughes K., et al. Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103 (1996) 999-1003
    • (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.103 , pp. 999-1003
    • Sebire, N.J.1    Snijders, R.J.M.2    Hughes, K.3
  • 106
    • 19744364293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down syndrome screening in twins
    • Bush M.C., and Malone F.D. Down syndrome screening in twins. Clin Perinatol 32 2 (2005) 373-386
    • (2005) Clin Perinatol , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-386
    • Bush, M.C.1    Malone, F.D.2
  • 107
    • 0030850928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fetal nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks as a predictor of severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
    • Sebire N.J., Hughes K., D'Ercole C., et al. Increased fetal nuchal translucency at 10-14 weeks as a predictor of severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10 (1997) 86-89
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.10 , pp. 86-89
    • Sebire, N.J.1    Hughes, K.2    D'Ercole, C.3
  • 108
    • 37949042464 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester ultrasonic diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence
    • Shalev E., Zalele Y., Ben Ami M., et al. First-trimester ultrasonic diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. Prenat Diagn 2 (1992) 21-22
    • (1992) Prenat Diagn , vol.2 , pp. 21-22
    • Shalev, E.1    Zalele, Y.2    Ben Ami, M.3
  • 109
    • 0026082193 scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal Doppler sonographic diagnosis of an acardiac twin at 12 week gestation
    • Langlotz H., Sauerbrei E., and Murray S. Transvaginal Doppler sonographic diagnosis of an acardiac twin at 12 week gestation. J Ultrasound Med 10 (1991) 175-179
    • (1991) J Ultrasound Med , vol.10 , pp. 175-179
    • Langlotz, H.1    Sauerbrei, E.2    Murray, S.3
  • 110
    • 0031919563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of dicephalus conjoined twins
    • van Eyndhoven H.W., and ter Brugge H. The first-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of dicephalus conjoined twins. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 77 (1998) 464-466
    • (1998) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.77 , pp. 464-466
    • van Eyndhoven, H.W.1    ter Brugge, H.2
  • 111
    • 0033366913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins: a report of three cases
    • Tongsong T., Chanprapaph P., and Pongsatha S. First-trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins: a report of three cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 14 (1999) 434-437
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.14 , pp. 434-437
    • Tongsong, T.1    Chanprapaph, P.2    Pongsatha, S.3
  • 112
    • 0032161164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of conjoined twins using two-dimensional color Doppler and three-dimensional ultrasound
    • Bonilla-Musoles F., Raga F., Bonilla Jr. F., et al. Early diagnosis of conjoined twins using two-dimensional color Doppler and three-dimensional ultrasound. J Natl Med Assoc 90 (1998) 552-556
    • (1998) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.90 , pp. 552-556
    • Bonilla-Musoles, F.1    Raga, F.2    Bonilla Jr., F.3
  • 113
    • 0034036963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy after IVF and ICSI: case report
    • Goldberg Y., Ben-Shlomo I., Weiner E., et al. First-trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy after IVF and ICSI: case report. Hum Reprod 15 (2000) 1413-1415
    • (2000) Hum Reprod , vol.15 , pp. 1413-1415
    • Goldberg, Y.1    Ben-Shlomo, I.2    Weiner, E.3
  • 114
    • 0030774726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sonographic detection of early first-trimester conjoined twins
    • Hill L.M. The sonographic detection of early first-trimester conjoined twins. Prenat Diagn 17 (1997) 961-963
    • (1997) Prenat Diagn , vol.17 , pp. 961-963
    • Hill, L.M.1
  • 115
    • 0031746287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in the first-trimester: two case reports
    • Lam Y.H., Sin S.Y., Lam C., et al. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in the first-trimester: two case reports. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11 (1998) 289-291
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.11 , pp. 289-291
    • Lam, Y.H.1    Sin, S.Y.2    Lam, C.3
  • 116
    • 0031780823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography of conjoined twins at 10 weeks: a case report
    • Maymon R., Halperin R., Weinraub Z., et al. Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography of conjoined twins at 10 weeks: a case report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11 (1998) 292-294
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.11 , pp. 292-294
    • Maymon, R.1    Halperin, R.2    Weinraub, Z.3
  • 117
    • 0027917595 scopus 로고
    • Early ultrasonic diagnosis of conjoined twins
    • Meizner I., Levy A., Katz M., et al. Early ultrasonic diagnosis of conjoined twins. Harefuah 124 (1993) 741-744
    • (1993) Harefuah , vol.124 , pp. 741-744
    • Meizner, I.1    Levy, A.2    Katz, M.3
  • 118
    • 0019487416 scopus 로고
    • Antepartum ultrasonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in early pregnancy
    • Schmidt W., Heberling D., and Kubli F. Antepartum ultrasonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 139 (1981) 961-963
    • (1981) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.139 , pp. 961-963
    • Schmidt, W.1    Heberling, D.2    Kubli, F.3
  • 120
    • 0000959423 scopus 로고
    • The ossification of the human frontal bone
    • Inman V., and Saunders JB de C.M. The ossification of the human frontal bone. J Anat 71 (1937) 383-394
    • (1937) J Anat , vol.71 , pp. 383-394
    • Inman, V.1    Saunders JB de, C.M.2
  • 122
    • 0030993507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound screening for anencephaly at 10-14 postmenstrual weeks
    • Johnson S.P., Sebire N.J., Snijders R.J., et al. Ultrasound screening for anencephaly at 10-14 postmenstrual weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 9 (1997) 14-16
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.9 , pp. 14-16
    • Johnson, S.P.1    Sebire, N.J.2    Snijders, R.J.3
  • 123
    • 0000686765 scopus 로고
    • Early detection of fetal anomalies
    • Timor-Tritsch I., and Rottem S. (Eds), Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Bronshtein M., Timor-Tritsch I., and Rottem S. Early detection of fetal anomalies. In: Timor-Tritsch I., and Rottem S. (Eds). Transvaginal sonography (1991), Chapman & Hall, New York 327-371
    • (1991) Transvaginal sonography , pp. 327-371
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Timor-Tritsch, I.2    Rottem, S.3
  • 125
    • 0033037599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly at 10 postmenstrual weeks
    • Turner C.D., Silva S., and Jeanty P. Prenatal diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly at 10 postmenstrual weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 13 (1999) 360-362
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.13 , pp. 360-362
    • Turner, C.D.1    Silva, S.2    Jeanty, P.3
  • 126
    • 0025044530 scopus 로고
    • Early detection of caudal regression syndrome with transvaginal scanning
    • Baxi L., Warren W., Collins M.H., et al. Early detection of caudal regression syndrome with transvaginal scanning. Obstet Gynecol 75 (1990) 486-489
    • (1990) Obstet Gynecol , vol.75 , pp. 486-489
    • Baxi, L.1    Warren, W.2    Collins, M.H.3
  • 127
    • 0022621836 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs
    • Nicolaides K.H., Campbell S., Gabbe S.G., et al. Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs. Lancet 2 (1986) 72-74
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 72-74
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Campbell, S.2    Gabbe, S.G.3
  • 128
    • 0023176108 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs in a high-risk population
    • Campbell J., Gilbert W.M., Nicolaides K.H., et al. Ultrasound screening for spina bifida: cranial and cerebellar signs in a high-risk population. Obstet Gynecol 70 (1987) 247-250
    • (1987) Obstet Gynecol , vol.70 , pp. 247-250
    • Campbell, J.1    Gilbert, W.M.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 129
    • 0031466929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of the 'lemon' sign in fetuses with spina bifida at the 10-14-week scan
    • Sebire N.J., Noble P.L., Thorpe-Beeston J.G., et al. Presence of the 'lemon' sign in fetuses with spina bifida at the 10-14-week scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10 (1997) 403-405
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.10 , pp. 403-405
    • Sebire, N.J.1    Noble, P.L.2    Thorpe-Beeston, J.G.3
  • 130
    • 0031465578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defect before 12 weeks' gestation: direct and indirect ultrasonographic semeiology
    • Bernard J.P., Suarez B., Rambaud C., et al. Prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defect before 12 weeks' gestation: direct and indirect ultrasonographic semeiology. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10 (1997) 406-409
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.10 , pp. 406-409
    • Bernard, J.P.1    Suarez, B.2    Rambaud, C.3
  • 131
  • 132
    • 0030997017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of transvaginal and abdominal three-dimensional ultrasound for the detection or exclusion of malformations of the fetal face
    • Merz E., Weber G., Bahlmann F., et al. Application of transvaginal and abdominal three-dimensional ultrasound for the detection or exclusion of malformations of the fetal face. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 9 (1997) 237-243
    • (1997) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.9 , pp. 237-243
    • Merz, E.1    Weber, G.2    Bahlmann, F.3
  • 133
    • 0026630184 scopus 로고
    • Paranasal echogenic mass: sonographic sign of bilateral complete cleft lip and palate before 20 menstrual weeks
    • Nyberg D., Mahoney B., and Kramer D. Paranasal echogenic mass: sonographic sign of bilateral complete cleft lip and palate before 20 menstrual weeks. Radiology 184 3 (1992) 757-759
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.184 , Issue.3 , pp. 757-759
    • Nyberg, D.1    Mahoney, B.2    Kramer, D.3
  • 134
    • 0026022766 scopus 로고
    • First- and second -trimester diagnosis of fetal ocular defects and associated anomalies: report of eight cases
    • Bronshtein M., Zimmer E., Gershoni-Baruch R., et al. First- and second -trimester diagnosis of fetal ocular defects and associated anomalies: report of eight cases. Obstet Gynecol 77 (1991) 443-449
    • (1991) Obstet Gynecol , vol.77 , pp. 443-449
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Zimmer, E.2    Gershoni-Baruch, R.3
  • 135
    • 0021853232 scopus 로고
    • Microphthalmia-prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis: a case report
    • Feldman E., Shalev E., Weiner E., et al. Microphthalmia-prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis: a case report. Prenat Diagn 5 (1985) 205-207
    • (1985) Prenat Diagn , vol.5 , pp. 205-207
    • Feldman, E.1    Shalev, E.2    Weiner, E.3
  • 137
    • 0030203553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cataracts of the fetus: early detection by transvaginal ultrasound
    • Monteagudo A., Timor-Tritsch I.E., Friedman A.H., et al. Autosomal dominant cataracts of the fetus: early detection by transvaginal ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 8 (1996) 104-108
    • (1996) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.8 , pp. 104-108
    • Monteagudo, A.1    Timor-Tritsch, I.E.2    Friedman, A.H.3
  • 138
    • 0027289196 scopus 로고
    • Sonographic diagnosis of fetal congenital cataracts
    • Zimmer E., Bronshtein M., Ophir E., et al. Sonographic diagnosis of fetal congenital cataracts. Prenat Diagn 13 (1993) 503-511
    • (1993) Prenat Diagn , vol.13 , pp. 503-511
    • Zimmer, E.1    Bronshtein, M.2    Ophir, E.3
  • 139
    • 0025860887 scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal fetal echocardiography in early pregnancy: normative data
    • Dolkart L.A., and Reimers F.T. Transvaginal fetal echocardiography in early pregnancy: normative data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 (1991) 688-691
    • (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.165 , pp. 688-691
    • Dolkart, L.A.1    Reimers, F.T.2
  • 140
    • 0026599787 scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of the fetal heart at 11 to 17 weeks
    • Bronshtein M., Siegler E., Eshcoli Z., et al. Transvaginal ultrasound measurements of the fetal heart at 11 to 17 weeks. Am J Perinatol 9 (1992) 38-42
    • (1992) Am J Perinatol , vol.9 , pp. 38-42
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Siegler, E.2    Eshcoli, Z.3
  • 141
    • 0025367724 scopus 로고
    • Early prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis with transvaginal ultrasonography
    • Guzman E.R. Early prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis with transvaginal ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 (1990) 1253-1254
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.162 , pp. 1253-1254
    • Guzman, E.R.1
  • 142
    • 0025248206 scopus 로고
    • Early transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of gastroschisis
    • Kushnir O., Izquierdo L., Vigil D., et al. Early transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of gastroschisis. J Clin Ultrasound 18 (1990) 194-197
    • (1990) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.18 , pp. 194-197
    • Kushnir, O.1    Izquierdo, L.2    Vigil, D.3
  • 143
    • 0025871746 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of fetal ectopia cordis by transvaginal ultrasound
    • Fleming A.D., Vintzileos A.M., Rodis J.F., et al. Diagnosis of fetal ectopia cordis by transvaginal ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 10 (1991) 413-415
    • (1991) J Ultrasound Med , vol.10 , pp. 413-415
    • Fleming, A.D.1    Vintzileos, A.M.2    Rodis, J.F.3
  • 144
    • 0026340663 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ectopia cordis at 12 postmenstrual weeks using transabdominal ultrasonography with color flow Doppler
    • Bennett T.L., Burlbaw J., Drake C.K., et al. Diagnosis of ectopia cordis at 12 postmenstrual weeks using transabdominal ultrasonography with color flow Doppler. J Ultrasound Med 10 (1991) 695-696
    • (1991) J Ultrasound Med , vol.10 , pp. 695-696
    • Bennett, T.L.1    Burlbaw, J.2    Drake, C.K.3
  • 145
    • 0032841529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of abdominal wall defects, Hawaii, 1986-1997
    • Forrester M.B., and Merz R.D. Epidemiology of abdominal wall defects, Hawaii, 1986-1997. Teratology 60 (1999) 117-123
    • (1999) Teratology , vol.60 , pp. 117-123
    • Forrester, M.B.1    Merz, R.D.2
  • 146
    • 0033813711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk anomaly at 9 weeks. case report
    • Becker R., Runkel S., and Entezami M. Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk anomaly at 9 weeks. case report. Fetal Diagn Ther 15 (2000) 301-303
    • (2000) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.15 , pp. 301-303
    • Becker, R.1    Runkel, S.2    Entezami, M.3
  • 147
    • 0022542234 scopus 로고
    • Bowel migration in the normal fetus: US detection
    • Cyr D.R., Mack L.A., Schoenecker S.A., et al. Bowel migration in the normal fetus: US detection. Radiology 161 (1986) 119-121
    • (1986) Radiology , vol.161 , pp. 119-121
    • Cyr, D.R.1    Mack, L.A.2    Schoenecker, S.A.3
  • 148
    • 0023860072 scopus 로고
    • Sonographic diagnosis of omphalocele in the first-trimester of fetal gestation
    • Curtis J.A., and Watson L. Sonographic diagnosis of omphalocele in the first-trimester of fetal gestation. J Ultrasound Med 7 (1988) 97-100
    • (1988) J Ultrasound Med , vol.7 , pp. 97-100
    • Curtis, J.A.1    Watson, L.2
  • 149
    • 0024411440 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with omphalocele. Significance of omphalocele contents
    • Nyberg D.A., Fitzsimmons J., Mack L.A., et al. Chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with omphalocele. Significance of omphalocele contents. J Ultrasound Med 8 (1989) 299-308
    • (1989) J Ultrasound Med , vol.8 , pp. 299-308
    • Nyberg, D.A.1    Fitzsimmons, J.2    Mack, L.A.3
  • 150
    • 0025191352 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal karyotype of fetuses with omphalocele: prediction based on omphalocele contents
    • Benacerraf B.R., Saltzman D.H., Estroff J.A., et al. Abnormal karyotype of fetuses with omphalocele: prediction based on omphalocele contents. Obstet Gynecol 75 (1990) 317-319
    • (1990) Obstet Gynecol , vol.75 , pp. 317-319
    • Benacerraf, B.R.1    Saltzman, D.H.2    Estroff, J.A.3
  • 151
    • 0025041097 scopus 로고
    • Echographic diagnosis of omphalocele in the first-trimester of pregnancy
    • Pagliano M., Mossetti M., and Ragno P. Echographic diagnosis of omphalocele in the first-trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 18 (1990) 658-660
    • (1990) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.18 , pp. 658-660
    • Pagliano, M.1    Mossetti, M.2    Ragno, P.3
  • 152
    • 0024424036 scopus 로고
    • Sonographic diagnosis of omphalocele during 10th week of gestation
    • Brown D.L., Emerson D.S., Shulman L.P., et al. Sonographic diagnosis of omphalocele during 10th week of gestation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 153 (1989) 825-826
    • (1989) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.153 , pp. 825-826
    • Brown, D.L.1    Emerson, D.S.2    Shulman, L.P.3
  • 153
    • 0024517734 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of first-trimester ventral wall defect
    • Gray D.L., Martin C.M., and Crane J.P. Differential diagnosis of first-trimester ventral wall defect. J Ultrasound Med 8 (1989) 255-258
    • (1989) J Ultrasound Med , vol.8 , pp. 255-258
    • Gray, D.L.1    Martin, C.M.2    Crane, J.P.3
  • 154
    • 0002468867 scopus 로고
    • The urogenital system
    • Moore K. (Ed), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia
    • Moore K. The urogenital system. In: Moore K. (Ed). The developing human. Clinically oriented embryology (1988), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 246-285
    • (1988) The developing human. Clinically oriented embryology , pp. 246-285
    • Moore, K.1
  • 155
    • 0030077679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal sonographic assessment of the fetal urinary tract in early pregnancy
    • Rosati P., and Guariglia L. Transvaginal sonographic assessment of the fetal urinary tract in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 7 (1996) 95-100
    • (1996) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.7 , pp. 95-100
    • Rosati, P.1    Guariglia, L.2
  • 156
    • 0023783027 scopus 로고
    • Abdominal ultrasound examination of the first-trimester fetus
    • Green J.J., and Hobbins J.C. Abdominal ultrasound examination of the first-trimester fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159 (1988) 165-175
    • (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.159 , pp. 165-175
    • Green, J.J.1    Hobbins, J.C.2
  • 157
    • 0025255205 scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal sonographic measurement of fetal kidneys in the first-trimester of pregnancy
    • Bronshtein M., Kushnir O., Ben-Rafael Z., et al. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of fetal kidneys in the first-trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 18 (1990) 299-301
    • (1990) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.18 , pp. 299-301
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Kushnir, O.2    Ben-Rafael, Z.3
  • 158
    • 0026548841 scopus 로고
    • Clues and pitfalls in the early prenatal diagnosis of 'late onset' infantile polycystic kidney
    • Bronshtein M., Bar-Hava I., and Blumenfeld Z. Clues and pitfalls in the early prenatal diagnosis of 'late onset' infantile polycystic kidney. Prenat Diagn 12 (1992) 293-298
    • (1992) Prenat Diagn , vol.12 , pp. 293-298
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Bar-Hava, I.2    Blumenfeld, Z.3
  • 159
    • 0027303860 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of the nonvisualized fetal urinary bladder by transvaginal sonography in the early second-trimester
    • Bronshtein M., Bar-Hava I., and Blumenfeld Z. Differential diagnosis of the nonvisualized fetal urinary bladder by transvaginal sonography in the early second-trimester. Obstet Gynecol 82 (1993) 490-493
    • (1993) Obstet Gynecol , vol.82 , pp. 490-493
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Bar-Hava, I.2    Blumenfeld, Z.3
  • 160
    • 0026052814 scopus 로고
    • Fetal intra-abdominal cysts detected in the first and early second-trimester by transvaginal sonography
    • Zimmer E.Z., and Bronshtein M. Fetal intra-abdominal cysts detected in the first and early second-trimester by transvaginal sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 19 (1991) 564-567
    • (1991) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.19 , pp. 564-567
    • Zimmer, E.Z.1    Bronshtein, M.2
  • 161
    • 0024577489 scopus 로고
    • Early ultrasonic appearance of fetal bladder outlet obstruction
    • Stiller R.J. Early ultrasonic appearance of fetal bladder outlet obstruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160 (1989) 584-585
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.160 , pp. 584-585
    • Stiller, R.J.1
  • 162
    • 0037541113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megacystis at 10-14 weeks of gestation: chromosomal defects and outcome according to bladder length
    • Liao A.W., Sebire N.J., Geerts L., et al. Megacystis at 10-14 weeks of gestation: chromosomal defects and outcome according to bladder length. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21 4 (2003) 338-341
    • (2003) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 338-341
    • Liao, A.W.1    Sebire, N.J.2    Geerts, L.3
  • 163
    • 0033381317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early fetal megacystis between 11 and 15 weeks
    • Favre R., Kohler M., Gasser B., et al. Early fetal megacystis between 11 and 15 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 14 (1999) 402-406
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.14 , pp. 402-406
    • Favre, R.1    Kohler, M.2    Gasser, B.3
  • 165
    • 0023793634 scopus 로고
    • A close look at early embryonic development with the high-frequency transvaginal transducer
    • Timor Tritsch I.E., Farine D., and Rosen M.G. A close look at early embryonic development with the high-frequency transvaginal transducer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159 (1988) 676-681
    • (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.159 , pp. 676-681
    • Timor Tritsch, I.E.1    Farine, D.2    Rosen, M.G.3
  • 166
    • 37949025693 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound evaluation of the fetal musculoskeletal system
    • Callen P. (Ed), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia
    • Mahoney B. Ultrasound evaluation of the fetal musculoskeletal system. In: Callen P. (Ed). Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology (1994), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 254-290
    • (1994) Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology , pp. 254-290
    • Mahoney, B.1
  • 167
    • 0026719496 scopus 로고
    • High-frequency transvaginal sonographic examination for the potential malformation assessment of the 9-week to 14-week fetus
    • Timor-Tritsch I.E., Monteagudo A., and Peisner D.B. High-frequency transvaginal sonographic examination for the potential malformation assessment of the 9-week to 14-week fetus. J Clin Ultrasound 20 (1992) 231-238
    • (1992) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.20 , pp. 231-238
    • Timor-Tritsch, I.E.1    Monteagudo, A.2    Peisner, D.B.3
  • 168
    • 0027221158 scopus 로고
    • Transvaginal sonographic detection of skeletal anomalies in the first and early second-trimesters
    • Bronshtein M., Keret D., Deutsch M., et al. Transvaginal sonographic detection of skeletal anomalies in the first and early second-trimesters. Prenat Diagn 13 (1993) 597-601
    • (1993) Prenat Diagn , vol.13 , pp. 597-601
    • Bronshtein, M.1    Keret, D.2    Deutsch, M.3
  • 169
    • 0027176754 scopus 로고
    • Early prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report
    • D'Ottavio G., Tamaro L.F., and Mandruzzato G. Early prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169 (1993) 384-385
    • (1993) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.169 , pp. 384-385
    • D'Ottavio, G.1    Tamaro, L.F.2    Mandruzzato, G.3
  • 170
    • 0027185788 scopus 로고
    • First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta Type II by DNA analysis and sonography
    • DiMaio M.S., Barth R., Koprivnikar K.E., et al. First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta Type II by DNA analysis and sonography. Prenat Diagn 13 (1993) 589-596
    • (1993) Prenat Diagn , vol.13 , pp. 589-596
    • DiMaio, M.S.1    Barth, R.2    Koprivnikar, K.E.3
  • 171
  • 172
    • 0020508904 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta Type II by real-time ultrasound
    • Stephens J.D., Filly R.A., Callen P.W., et al. Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta Type II by real-time ultrasound. Hum Genet 64 (1983) 191-193
    • (1983) Hum Genet , vol.64 , pp. 191-193
    • Stephens, J.D.1    Filly, R.A.2    Callen, P.W.3
  • 173
    • 0028340305 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelus with color Doppler ultrasonography
    • Sepulveda W., Romero R., Pryde P.G., et al. Prenatal diagnosis of sirenomelus with color Doppler ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 (1994) 1377-1379
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.170 , pp. 1377-1379
    • Sepulveda, W.1    Romero, R.2    Pryde, P.G.3
  • 174
    • 0031926214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sirenomelia sequence versus renal agenesis: prenatal differentiation with power Doppler ultrasound
    • Sepulveda W., Corral E., Sanchez J., et al. Sirenomelia sequence versus renal agenesis: prenatal differentiation with power Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11 (1998) 445-449
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.11 , pp. 445-449
    • Sepulveda, W.1    Corral, E.2    Sanchez, J.3
  • 176
    • 0033026703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sirenomelia. Pathological features, antenatal ultrasonographic clues, and a review of current embryogenic theories
    • Valenzano M., Paoletti R., Rossi A., et al. Sirenomelia. Pathological features, antenatal ultrasonographic clues, and a review of current embryogenic theories. Hum Reprod Update 5 (1999) 82-86
    • (1999) Hum Reprod Update , vol.5 , pp. 82-86
    • Valenzano, M.1    Paoletti, R.2    Rossi, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.