Gas flow measurements by NMR

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 31-48

  Newling, Benedict ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

Author keywords

Flow; Gas phase; Mass transport; MRI; NMR

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC FIELDS; COMBUSTION; COMPACTION; COST EFFECTIVENESS; FLOW FIELDS; FUEL CELLS; HYDROGEN FUELS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE TRANSITIONS; POWER GENERATION; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO;

COIL SENSITIVITY; MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH;

FLOW OF GASES;

EID: 37849036793     PISSN: 00796565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2007.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. R.L. Armstrong, Longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation time measurements in gases, in: NMR Basic Principles and Progress, vol. 13, Springer-Verlag, New York, USA, 1976, pp. 71-95.
2. Beyea S.D., Codd S.L., Kuethe D.O., and Fukushima E. Studies of porous media by thermally polarized gas NMR: current status. Magn. Reson. Imaging 21 (2003) 201-205
3. J.K. Vennard, Elementary Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1966, the latest (7th) edition of this classic text is co-authored by Street and Watters. I have the 4th edition, of which I am inordinately fond, and have therefore avoided explicit page references.
4. 2/s.
5. Hof B., Juel A., and Mullin T. Scaling of turbulence transition threshold in a pipe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2004) 244502
6. Throughout this review, Δ will refer in a general sense to some evolution time interval during which motion occurs. Δ permeates the NMR literature on flow in this sense, but the details of its exact definition change from pulse sequence to pulse sequence and from paper to paper. In addition, an effective Δ may often be defined as a combination of pulse sequence timing parameters. The reader should not assume the same definition in two different locations.
7. Kaiser L.G., Logan J.W., Meersmann T., and Pines A. Dynamic NMR microscopy of gas phase Poiseuille flow. J. Magn. Reson. 149 (2001) 144-148
8. Koptyug I.V., Matveev A.V., and Altobelli S.A. NMR studies of hydrocarbon gas flow and dispersion. Appl. Magn. Reson. 22 (2002) 187-200
9. Callaghan P.T. Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (1991), Oxford University Press
10. Callaghan P.T. Rheo-NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance and the rheology of complex fluids. Rep. Prog. Phys. 62 (1999) 599-668
11. Fukushima E. Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool to study flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 31 (1999) 95-123
12. Kimmich R. NMR - Tomography, Diffusometry, Relaxometry (1997), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
13. M.A. Hemminga, Measurement of flow characteristics using nuclear magnetic resonance, biomedical magnetic resonance, Radiology Research & Education Foundation, San Francisco, USA, 1984, Ch. 11, pp. 157-184.
14. The Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, CRC Press, London, New York, 1998.
15. Dyke M.V. An Album of Fluid Motion (1982), Parabolic Press Inc., Stanford, USA
16. Samimy M., Breuer K.S., Leal L.G., and Steen P.H. A Gallery of Fluid Motion (2004), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
17. Dennis J.S., Muller C.R., Davidson J.F., Fennell P.S., Gladden L.F., Hayhurst A.N., Mantle M.D., Rees A.C., and Sederman A.J. Rise velocities of bubbles and slugs in gas-fluidised beds: ultra-fast magnetic resonance imaging. Chem. Eng. Sci. 62 (2007) 82-93
18. Kose K. Visualization of turbulent motion using echo-planar imaging with a spatial tagging sequence. J. Magn. Reson. 98 (1992) 599-603
19. 131Xe is spin + frac(3, 2).
20. Walker T.G., and Happer W. Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei. Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 (1997) 629-642
21. Mair R.W., Wong G.P., Hoffmann D., Hurlimann M.D., Patz S., Schwartz L.M., and Walsworth R.L. Probing porous media with gas diffusion NMR. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3324-3327
22. 3He gas compression system using metastability-exchange optical pumping. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 (2005) 53503-53511
23. Bouchard L.-S., Kovtunov K.V., Burt S.R., Anwar M.S., Koptyug I.V., Sagdeev R.Z., and Pines A. Para-hydrogen-enhanced hyperpolarized gas-phase magnetic resonance imaging. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 46 (2007) 4064-4068
24. Haake M., Pines A., Reimer J.A., and Seydoux R. Surface-enhanced NMR using continuous-flow laser-polarized xenon. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 11711-11712
25. 129Xe. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 1668-1670
26. 129Xe. J. Magn. Reson. 138 (1999) 155-159
27. Han S.-I., Pierce K.L., and Pines A. NMR velocity mapping of gas flow around solid objects. Phys. Rev. E 74 (2006) 016302
28. Newling B., Poirier C.C., Zhi Y., Rioux J.A., Coristine A.J., Roach D., and Balcom B.J. Velocity imaging of highly turbulent gas flow. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 154503
29. Kuethe D.O. Measuring distributions of diffusivity in turbulent fluids with magnetic-resonance imaging. Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989) 4542-4551
30. Kuethe D.O., and Gao J.-H. NMR signal loss from turbulence: models of time dependence compared with data. Phys. Rev. E 51 (1995) 3252-3262
31. Moule A., Spence M., Han S.-I., Seeley J., Pierce K., Saxena S., and Pines A. Amplification of xenon NMR and MRI by remote detection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 9122-9127
32. Hilty C., McDonnell E.E., Granwehr J., Pierce K.L., Han S.I., and Pines A. Microfluidic gas-flow profiling using remote-detection NMR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 14960-14963
33. Mair R.W., Tseng C.H., Wong G.P., Cory D.G., and Walsworth R.L. Magnetic resonance imaging of convection in laser-polarized xenon. Phys. Rev. E 61 (2000) 2741-2748
34. Newling B., MacLean D.A., and Mastikhin I.V. Magnetic resonance imaging of acoustic streaming in gases. Can. Acoust. 34 (2006) 48-49
35. Mair R.W., Cory D.G., Peled S., Tseng C.-H., Patz S., and Walsworth R.L. Pulsed-field-gradient measurements of time-dependent gas diffusion. J. Magn. Reson. 135 (1998) 478-486
36. Latour L., Mitra P., Kleinberg R., and Sotak C. Time-dependent diffusion coefficients of fluids in porous media as a probe of surface-to-volume ratio. J. Magn. Reson. A 101 (1993) 342-346
37. Butler J.P., Mair R.W., Hoffmann D., Hrovat M.I., Rogers R.A., Topulos G.P., Walsworth R.L., and Patz S. Measuring surface-area-to-volume ratios in soft porous materials using laser-polarized xenon interphase exchange nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 (2002) 297-304
38. R.W. Mair, M.D. Hurlimann, P.N. Sen, L.M. Schwartz, S. Patz, R.L. Walsworth, Tortuosity measurement and the effects of finite pulse widths on xenon gas diffusion NMR studies of porous media, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting on Recent Advances in MR Applications to Porous Media, Magn. Reson. Imaging, 19, Bologna, Italy, 2001, pp. 345-51.
39. Wang R., Mair R.W., Rosen M.S., Cory D.G., and Walsworth R.L. Simultaneous measurement of rock permeability and effective porosity using laser-polarized noble gas NMR. Phys. Rev. E 70 (2004) 26312
40. Mair R.W., Wang R., Rosen M.S., Candela D., Cory D.G., and Walsworth R.L. Applications of controlled-flow laser-polarized xenon gas to porous and granular media study. Magn. Reson. Imaging 21 (2003) 287-292
41. Callaghan P.T., Codd S.L., and Seymour J.D. Spatial coherence phenomena arising from translational spin motion in gradient spin echo experiments. Concepts Magn. Reson. 11 (1999) 181-202
42. Codd S., and Altobelli S. A PGSE study of propane gas flow through model porous bead packs. J. Magn. Reson. 163 (2003) 16-22
43. 2 is reduced to a few milliseconds by susceptibility effects.
44. Bencsik M., and Chandrasekhar R. Method for measuring local hydraulic permeability using magnetic resonance imaging. Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 065302R
45. 1H NMR microimaging studies of liquid and gas flow in monolithic catalysts. J. Magn. Reson. 147 (2000) 36-42
46. 1H NMR microimaging. Catal. Today 69 (2001) 385-392
47. 13C magnetic resonance imaging. Langmuir 21 (2005) 4376-4381
48. Granwehr J., Harel E., Han S., Garcia S., Pines A., Sen P.N., and Song Y.Q. Time-of-flight flow imaging using NMR remote detection. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 075503
49. Harel E., Granwehr J., Seeley J.A., and Pines A. Multiphase imaging of gas flow in a nanoporous material using remote-detection NMR. Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 321-327
50. Moudrakovski I.L., Ratcliffe C.I., Ripmeester J.A., Wang L.-Q., Exarhos G.J., Baumann T.F., and Satcher J.H. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 11215-11222
51. Mills G.H., Wild J.M., Eberle B., and Bleek E.J.V. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the lung. Br. J. Anaesth. 91 (2003) 16-30
52. 3He human lung imaging at very low field. Concepts Magn. Reson. B 29B (2006) 210-211
53. 6. Magn. Reson. Med. 48 (2002) 547-549
54. Salerno M., Altes T.A., Brookeman J.R., de Lange E.E., and Mugler J.P. Dynamic spiral MRI of pulmonary gas flow using hyperpolarized He-3: preliminary studies in healthy and diseased lungs. Magn. Reson. Med. 46 (2001) 667-677
55. 3He gas. Magn. Reson. Med. 49 (2003) 991-997
56. Zhang Z., Ouriadov A.V., Willson C., and Balcom B.J. Membrane gas diffusion measurements with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. 176 (2005) 215-222
57. Anala S., Pavlovskaya G.E., Pichumani P., Dieken T.J., Olsen M.D., and Meersmann T. In situ NMR spectroscopy of combustion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 13298-13302
58. Reimer J. Internal combustion. Nature 426 (2003) 508-509
59. 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy, MRI and Dynamic NMR Microscopy for the In Situ Monitoring of Gas Dynamics in Opaque Media Including Combustion Processes, NMR Imaging in Chemical Engineering, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2006, pp. 551-569.
60. 1H NMR imaging probe for combustion studies: the behaviour of both a lit and unlit methane gas jet. J. Magn. Reson. 176 (2005) 79-86
61. Strahle W.C. An Introduction to Combustion, Vol. 1 (1993), Gordon and Breach Science Publications, Amsterdam, Netherlands
62. Krüger G.J., Birke A., and Weiss R. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) two-phase mass flow measurements. Flow Meas. Instrum. 7 (1996) 25-37
63. Muller C.R., Holland D.J., Davidson J.F., Dennis J.S., Gladden L.F., Hayhurst A.N., Mantle M.D., and Sederman A.J. Rapid two-dimensional imaging of bubbles and slugs in a three-dimensional, gas-solid, two-phase flow system using ultrafast magnetic resonance. Phys. Rev. E 75 (2007) 020302
64. Gladden L.F. Magnetic resonance: Ongoing and future role in chemical engineering research. AICHE J. 49 (2003) 2-9
65. In: Stapf S., and Han S.-I. (Eds). NMR Imaging in Chemical Engineering (2006), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany
66. 1 enhancement (SPRITE). J. Magn. Reson. A 123 (1996) 134
67. Smit A.J. A Physical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (2000), John Wiley and Sons, New York, Chichester
68. Mair R.W., Sen P.N., Hurlimann M.D., Patz S., Cory D.G., and Walsworth R.L. The narrow pulse approximation and long length scale determination in xenon gas diffusion NMR studies of model porous media. J. Magn. Reson. 156 (2002) 202-212