Efficient coupling of photons to a single molecule and the observation of its resonance fluorescence

Nature Physics

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 60-66

  Wrigge, G ^a   Gerhardt, I ^a,b   Hwang, J ^a   Zumofen, G ^a   Sandoghdar, V ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT; MOLECULES; PHOTONS; QUANTUM OPTICS;

CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; DIRECT OBSERVATIONS; EXCITATION INTENSITY; EXTINCTION CROSS SECTION; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCES; SINGLE DYE MOLECULES; SOLID STATE EMITTERS;

EXCITED STATES;

EID: 37749049462     PISSN: 17452473     EISSN: 17452481     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphys812     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Basché, T., Moerner, W E.,Orrit, M. & Talon, H. Photon antibundting in the fluorescence of a single dye molecule trapped in a solid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1514-1517 (1992).
2. Tamarat, P. et al. Pump-probe experiments with a single molecule: ac-stark effect and nonlinear optical response. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1514-1518 (1995).
3. Tamarat, P. et al. Non-linear optical response of single molecules. Chem. Phys. 245, 121-132 (1999).
4. Moerner, W E. & Kador, L. Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2535-2538 (1989).
5. Orrit, M. &Bernard, J. Single pentacene molecules detected by fluorescence excitation in a p-terphenyl crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2716-2719 (1990).
6. Plakhotnik, T. & Palm, V. Interferometric signatures of single molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 183602 (2001).
7. Lettow, R. et al. Realization of two Fourier-limited solid-state single-photon sources. Opt. Express 15, 15842-15847 (2007).
8. Turchette, Q. A., Hood, C. J., Lange, W., Mabuchi, H. & Kimble, H. J. Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4710-4713 (1995).
9. Hijlkema, M. et al. A single-photon server with just one atom. Nature Phys. 3, 253-255 (2007).
10. Press, D. et al. Photon antibunching from a single quantum-dot-microcavity system in the strong coupling regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 117402 (2007).
11. Loudon, R. Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000).
12. Mansfield, S. M. & Kino, G. S. Solid immersion microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2615-2616 (1990).
13. Koyama, K., Yoshita, M., Baba, M., Suemoto, T. & Akiyama, H. High collection efficiency in fluorescence microscopy with a solid immersion lens. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1667-1669 (1999).
14. van Enk, S. J. & Kimble, H. J. Strongly focused light beams interacting with single atoms in free space. Phys. Rev. A 63, 023809 (2001).
15. Gerardot, B. D. et al. Contrast in transmission spectroscopy of a single quantum dot. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 221106 (2007).
16. Vamivakas, A. N. et al. Strong extinction of a far-field laser beam by a single quantum dot. Nano Lett. 7, 2892-2896 (2007).
17. Karrai, K. & Warburton, R. J. Optical transmission and reflection spectroscopy of single quantum dots. Superlattices Microstruct. 33, 311-337 (2003).
18. Gerhardt, I. et al. Scanning near-field optical coherent spectroscopy of single molecules at 1.4 kelvin. Opt. Lett. 32, 1420-1422 (2007).
19. Cohen-Tannoudji, C., Dupont-Roc, J. & Grynberg, G. Atom-Photon Interactions (Wiley, New York, 1992).
20. Novotny, L., Grober, R. D. & Karrai, K. Reflected image of a strongly focused spot. Opt. Lett. 26, 789-791 (2001).
21. Höffges, J. T., Baldauf, H. W, Lange, W. & Walther, H. Heterodyne measurement of the resonance fluorescence of a single ion. J. Mod. Opt. 44, 1999-2010 (1997).
22. Mollow, B. R. Power spectrum of light scattered by two-level systems. Phys. Rev. 188, 1969-1975 (1969).
23. Wu, F. Y., Grove, R. E. & Ezekiel, S. Investigation of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence induced by a monochromatic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1426-1429 (1975).
24. Walther, H. Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Vol. 51, 239-272 (Elsevier, Academic, Boston, 2005).
25. Hanbury Brown, R. & Twiss, R. Q. Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light. Nature 177, 27-29 (1956).
26. Kiraz, A., Ehrl, M., Bräuchte, C. & Zumbusch, A. Ultralong coherence times in the purely electronic zero-phonon line emission of single molecules. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 920-922 (2004).
27. Domokos, P., Horak, P. & Ritsch, H. Quantum description of light-pulse scattering on a single atom in waveguides. Phys. Rev. A 65, 033832 (2002).
28. Pfab, R. J. et al. Aligned terrylene molecules in a spin-coated ultrathin crystalline film of p-terphenyl. Chem. Phys. Lett. 387, 490-495 (2004).
29. Dorn, R., Quabis, S. & Leuchs, G. Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 233901 (2003).
30. van Enk, S. J. Atoms, dipole waves, and strongly focused light beams. Phys. Rev. A 69, 043813 (2004).
31. Altù A. & Engheta, N. Enhanced directivity from sub-wavelength infrared/optical nano-antennas loaded with plasmonic materials or metamaterials. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation 55, 3027-3039 (2007).
32. Xu, X. et al. Coherent optical spectroscopy of a strongly driven quantum dot. Science 317, 929-932 (2007).
33. Müller, A. et al. Resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven semiconductor quantum dot in a cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007).
34. Boiron, A.-M., Lounis, B. & Orrit, M. Single molecules of dibenzanthanthrene in n-hexadecane. J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3969-3974 (1996).
35. Felekyan, S. et al. Full correlation from picoseconds to second by time-resolved and time-correlated single photon detection. Rev. Sci. Inst. 76, 083104 (2005).
36. Fleury, L., Segura, J.-M., Zumofen, G., Hecht, B. & Wild, U. P. Nonclassical photon statistics in single-molecule fluorescence at room temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1148-1151 (2000).