The Bisha volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposit, western Nakfa Terrane, Eritrea

Economic Geology

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 717-738

  Barrie, C Tucker ^a   Nielsen, F William ^b   Aussant, Claude H ^c  

^a Nevsun Resources Ltd ^*  (Canada)

^b Nevsun Resources Ltd   (Canada)

^c Taiga Consultants Ltd   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY; OXIDATION; SULFUR DEPOSITS; VOLCANIC ROCKS;

NEAR-SURFACE OXIDATION; SULFIDE ASSEMBLAGE; SUPERGENE PROCESS; VOLCANIC-ASSOCIATED MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT;

SULFIDE MINERALS;

DEFORMATION MECHANISM; FOLD AND THRUST BELT; HOST ROCK; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; MASSIVE SULFIDE; ORE DEPOSIT; PROTEROZOIC; SILICICLASTIC DEPOSIT; SUPERGENE PROCESS; TRACE METAL; VOLCANIC ROCK;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; ERITREA; ETHIOPIA; NAKFA TERRANE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 37749003303     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.4.717     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ague, J.J., and Brimhall, G.H., 1989, Geochemical modeling of steady state fluid flow and chemical reaction during supergene enrichment of porphyry fluid flow and chemical reaction during supergene enrichment of porphyry: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 84, p. 506-528.
2. Alpers, C.N., and Brimhall, G.H, 1989, Paleohydrologic evolution ad geochemical dynamics of cumulative supergene metal enrichment at La Escondida, Atacama desert, northern Chile: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 84, p. 229-256.
3. Anand, R.R., 2001, Evolution, classification and use of ferruginous regolith materials I. Gold exploration, Yilgarn craton, Western Australia: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 1, p. 221-236.
4. Andersson, U.B., Ghereab, W., and Teklay, M., 2006, Crustal evolution and metamorphism in the east-central Eritrea, south-east Arabian-Nubian shield: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 44, p. 45-65.
5. Barrett, T.J., and MacLean, W.1999, Volcanic sequences, lithogeochemistry, and hydrothermal alteration in some bimodal volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8, p. 101-132.
6. Barrie, C.T., 1995, Zircon thermometry of high temperature rhyolites near volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits, Abitibi subprovince, Canada: Geology, v. 23, p, 169-172.
7. Barrie, C.T., and Hannington, M.D., 1999, Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits: Processes and examples in modern and ancient settings: Introduction: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8, p. 1-11.
8. Barrie, C.T., and Taylor, C., 2001, Geology of the Ruttan VMS deposit in the southern Rusty Lake volcanic belt, northern Manitoba: Manitoba Mines Branch Open File Report, 29 p.
9. Barrie, C.T, Hart, T.R., Gorton, M.P., and Naldrett, A.J., 1991, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Kamiskotia gabbroic complex and related bimodal volcanic rocks, Abitibi subprovince, Ontario: Precambrian Research, v. 50, p. 173-199.
10. Barrie, C.T., Taylor, C.F., and Ames, D.E., 2005, Geology and metal contents of the Ruttan volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, northern Manitoba, Canada: Mineralium Deposita, v. 39, p. 795-812.
11. Berhe, S., 1990, Ophiolites in northeast and east Africa: Implications for Proterozoic crustal growth: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 147, p. 41-57.
12. Campbell, I.H., Lesher, C.M., Coad, P., Franklin, J.M., Gorton, M.P., and Thurston, P.C., 1984, Rare earth element mobility in alteration pipes below massive sulfide deposits: Chemical Geology, v. 45, p. 181-202.
13. Carvalho, D., Barriga, F.J.A.S., and Munhá, J., 1999, Bimodal-siliciclastic systems - the case of the Iberian Pyrite Belt: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8, p. 375-408.
14. Doe, B.R., and Zartman, R.E,, 1979, Plumbotectonics, I.The Phanerozoic, in Barnes, H.L., ed., Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 2nd ed.: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 22-70.
15. Drury, S.A., and de Sousa Filho, C.R., 1998, Neoproterozoic terrane assemblages in Eritrea: Review and prospects: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 331-348.
16. Franklin, J.M., Gibson, H.L., Jonasson, I.R., and Galley, A.G., 2005, Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 100TH ANNIVERSARY VOLUME, p. 523-560.
17. Gemmell, J.B., and Fulton, R., 2001, Geology, genesis, and exploration implications of the footwall and hanging-wall alteration associated with the Hellyer volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit, Tasmania, Australia: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 96, p. 103-1035.
18. Goodfellow, W.D., and McCutcheon, S.R., 2003, Geologic and genetic attributes of volcanic sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits of the Bathurst mining camp, northern New Brunswick - a synthesis: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY MONOGRAPH 11, p. 245-301.
19. Guilbert, J.M., and Park, W., 1986, The geology of ore deposits: New York, W. H. Freeman, 985 p.
20. Hannington, M.D., Kjarsgaard, I., and Bleeker, W., 1999, Sulfide mineralogy, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Kidd Creek deposit. Part I. The North, Central, and South orebodies: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY MONOGRAPH 10, p. 163-224.
21. Hawkesworth, C.J., Gallagher, K., Hergt, J.M., and McDermott, F., 1993, Mantle and slab contributions in arc magmas: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 21, p. 175-204.
22. Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 523-548.
23. Ishikawa, Y., Sawaguchi, T., Iwaya, S., and Horiochi, M., 1976, Delineation of prospecting targets for Kuroko deposits based on models of volcanism of underlying dacite and alteration halos: Mining Geology, v. 26, p. 105-117.
24. Jensen, L., 1976, A new cation plot for classifying subalkalic volcanic rocks: Ontario Department of Mines Miscellaneous Paper 66, 30 p.
25. Johan, Z., 1988, Indium and germanium in the structure of sphalerite: An example of coupled substitution with copper: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 39, p. 211-229.
26. Kamona, A.F., Leveque, J., and Haack, U., 1999, Lead isotopes of the carbonate-hosted Kabwe, Tsumeb, and Kipushi Pb-Zn-Cu sulphide deposits in relation to Pan African orogenesis in the Damaran-Lufilian fold belt of Central Africa: Mineralium Deposita, v. 34, p. 273-283.
27. Kramer, D.A., 2006: Gallium: U.S. Geological Survey Commodities Report on Gallium, 2 p.
28. Kranidiotis, P., and MacLean, W.H., 1987, Systematics of chlorite alteration at the Phelps Dodge massive sulfide deposit, Matagami, Quebec: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 82, p. 1898-1911.
29. Lesher, C.M., Goodwin, A.M., Campbell, I.H., and Gorton, M.P., 1986, Trace element geochemistry of ore-associated and barren felsic metavolcanic rocks in Superior province, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 222-237.
30. Lottermoser, B.G., 1989, Rare earth element study of exhalites within the Willyama Supergroup, Broken Hill block, Australia: Mineralium Deposita, v. 24, p. 92-99.
31. Marcoux, E., Cottard, F., Recouche, G., El Samani, Y., Calvez, J.Y., and Deschamps, Y., 1989, Lead isotope signatures of the polymetallic mineralization in the Ariab District, Red Sea Hills, northeastern Sudan: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 32, p. 315-317.
32. Michard, A.1989, Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids: GeochImica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, p. 745-750.
33. Mohr, P.A., 1971, The Geology of Ethiopia: Haile Selassie I: Addis Ababa, University Press, 268 p.
34. Nieto, J. M., Capitán, M.A., Sáez, R., and Almodóvar, G.R., 2003, Beudantite: A natural sink for As and Pb in sulphide oxidation processes: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 112, p. 293-296.
35. Reddy, D., and Brisebois, K., 2004, Technical report on the Bisha property and resource estimate of the Bisha deposit, Gash-Barka district, Eritrea: AMEC Canada Ltd. report for Nevsun Resources, 203 p.
36. Saeld, Y. and Date, J., 1980, Computer application to the alteration data of the footwall dacite lava at the Ezuri Kuroko deposits, Akita prefecture, Mining Geology, v. 30, p. 241-250 (in Japanese with English abstract).
37. Sato, M., 1974, Distribution and setting of the Kuroko deposits: Society of Mining Geologists Japan, Special Issue 6, p. 1-10.
38. Sato, M., 1992, Persistency-field Eh-pH diagrams for sulfides and their application to supergene oxidation and enrichment of sulfide ore bodies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, p. 3133-3156.
39. Seyfried, W.E., Jr., Ding, K., Berndt, M.E., and Chen, X., 1999, Experimental and theoretical controls on the composition of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 8, p. 133-156.
40. Shang, C., Lin, W.-S., and Liu, C.-W., 2001, A simulation of the supergene copper enrichment process: Republic of China, Proceedings of the National Science Council, v. 25, p. 293-299.
41. Sillitoe, R.H., Folk, R.L., and Saric, N., 1996, Bacteria as mediators of copper sulfide enrichment during weathering: Science, v. 272, p. 1153-1155.
42. Stacey, J.S., and Kramers, J.D., 1975, Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 26, p. 207-221.
43. Stacey, J.S., Doe, B.R., Roberts, R.J., and Delevaux, M.H., 1982, A lead isotope study of mineralization in the Saudi Arabian Shield: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 74, p. 175-188.
44. Stern, R., 1994, Neoproterozoic (900-550 Ma) arc assembly and continental collision in the Proterozoic East African orogen: implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 22, p. 319-351.
45. Sun, S-.S., and MacDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes: Geological Society of London Special Publication 42, p. 313-345.
46. Taylor S. R., and Gorton, M.P., 1977, Geochemical application of spark source mass spectrography: III. Element sensitivity, precision and accuracy: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 41, p. 1375-1380.
47. Teklay, M., 1997, Petrology, geochemistry and geochronology of Neoproterozoic magmatic arc rocks from Eritrea: Implications for crustal evolution in the southern Nubian Shield: Eritrea Department of Mines Memoir 1, 125 p.
48. Teklay, M., Kröner, A., and Mezger, K., 2002, Enrichment from plume interaction in the generation of Neoproterozoic arc rocks in northern Eritrea: Implications for crustal accretion in the southern Arabian-Nubian Shield: Chemical Geology, v. 184, p. 167-184.
49. Well, D.F., and Drake, M.J., 1973, Europium anomaly in plagioclase feldspar: Experimental results and semi-quantitative model: Science, v. 180, p. 1059-1060.
50. Wood, S.A., and Samson, I.M., 2005, The aqueous geochemistry of gallium, germanium, indium and scandium: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 28, p. 57-102.