Mapping the transcription start points of the Staphylococcus aureus eap, emp, and vwb promoters reveals a conserved octanucleotide sequence that is essential for expression of these genes

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 190, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 447-451

  Harraghy, Niamh ^a,c   Homerova, Dagmar ^b   Herrmann, Mathias ^a   Kormanec, Jan ^b  

^a SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY   (Slovakia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN SAER; REGULATOR PROTEIN; SMAD ANCHOR FOR RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BINDING SITE; EAP GENE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; EMP GENE; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC CONSERVATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; VWB GENE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; BINDING SITES; CONSERVED SEQUENCE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 37549058396     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JB.01174-07     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Athanasopoulos, A. N., M. Economopoulou, V. V. Orlova, A. Sobke, D. Schneider, H. Weber, H. G. Augustin, S. A. Eming, U. Schubert, T. Linn, P. P. Nawroth, M. Hussain, H. P. Hammes, M. Herrmann, K. T. Preissner, and T. Chavakis. 2006. The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits wound healing by interfering with host defense and repair mechanisms. Blood 107:2720-2727.
2. Bjerketorp, J., K. Jacobsson, and L. Frykberg. 2004. The von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp) of Staphylococcus aureus is a coagulase. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 234:309-314.
3. Bjerketorp, J., M. Nilsson, A. Ljungh, J. I. Flock, K. Jacobsson, and L. Frykberg. 2002. A novel von Willebrand factor binding protein expressed by Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiology 148:2037-2044.
4. Chavakis, T., M. Hussain, S. M. Kanse, G. Peters, R. G. Bretzel, J. I. Flock, M. Herrmann, and K. T. Preissner. 2002. Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes. Nat. Med. 8:687-693.
5. Chavakis, T., K. Wiechmann, K. T. Preissner, and M. Herrmann. 2005. Staphylococcus aureus interactions with the endothelium: the role of bacterial "secretable expanded repertoire adhesive molecules" (SERAM) in disturbing host defense systems. Thromb. Haemost. 94:278-285.
6. Chien, Y., A. C. Manna, S. J. Projan, and A. L. Cheung. 1999. SarA, a global regulator of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus, binds to a conserved motif essential for sar-dependent gene regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 274:37169-37176.
7. Clarke, S. R., and S. J. Foster. 2006. Surface adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 51:187-224.
8. Cramton, S. E., C. Gerke, N. F. Schnell, W. W. Nichols, and F. Gotz. 1999. The intercellular adhesion (ica) locus is present in Staphylococcus aureus and is required for biofilm formation. Infect. Immun. 67:5427-5433.
9. Ferrero, L., B. Cameron, B. Manse, D. Lagneaux, J. Crouzet, A. Famechon, and F. Blanche. 1994. Cloning and primary structure of Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase IV: a primary target of fluoroquinolones. Mol. Microbiol. 13:641-653.
10. Fischetti, V. A., V. Pancholi, and O. Schneewind. 1990. Conservation of a hexapeptide sequence in the anchor region of surface proteins from gram-positive cocci. Mol. Microbiol. 4:1603-1605.
11. Flock, M., and J. I. Flock. 2001. Rebinding of extracellular adherence protein Eap to Staphylococcus aureus can occur through a surface-bound neutral phosphatase. J. Bacteriol. 183:3999-4003.
12. Geisbrecht, B. V., B. Y. Hamaoka, B. Perman, A. Zemla, and D. J. Leahy. 2005. The crystal structures of EAP domains from Staphylococcus aureus reveal an unexpected homology to bacterial superantigens. J. Biol. Chem. 280:17243-17250.
13. Goerke, C., M. G. Bayer, and C. Wolz. 2001. Quantification of bacterial transcripts during infection using competitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and LightCycler RT-PCR. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8:279-282.
14. Goerke, C., U. Fluckiger, A. Steinhuber, W. Zimmerli, and C. Wolz. 2001. Impact of the regulatory loci agr, sarA and sae of Staphylococcus aureus on the induction of alpha-toxin during device-related infection resolved by direct quantitative transcript analysis. Mol. Microbiol. 40:1439-1447.
15. Gomez, M. I., A. Lee, B. Reddy, A. Muir, G. Soong, A. Pitt, A. Cheung, and A. Prince. 2004. Staphylococcus aureus protein A induces airway epithelial inflammatory responses by activating TNFR1. Nat. Med. 10:842-848.
16. Haggar, A., C. Ehrnfelt, J. Holgersson, and J. I. Flock. 2004. The extracellular adherence protein from Staphylococcus aureus inhibits neutrophil binding to endothelial cells. Infect. Immun. 72:6164-6167.
17. Haggar, A., O. Shannon, A. Norrby-Teglund, and J. I. Flock. 2005. Dual effects of extracellular adherence protein from Staphylococcus aureus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Infect. Dis. 192:210-217.
18. Harraghy, N., M. Hussain, A. Haggar, T. Chavakis, B. Sinha, M. Herrmann, and J. I. Flock. 2003. The adhesive and immunomodulating properties of the multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus protein Eap. Microbiology 149:2701-2707.
19. Harraghy, N., J. Kormanec, C. Wolz, D. Homerova, C. Goerke, K. Ohlsen, S. Qazi, P. Hill, and M. Herrmann. 2005. sae is essential for expression of the staphylococcal adhesins Eap and Emp. Microbiology 151:1789-1800.
20. Hawley, D. K., and W. R. McClure. 1983. Compilation and analysis of Escherichia coli promoter DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:2237-2255.
21. Henze, U. U., and B. Berger-Bachi. 1995. Staphylococcus aureus penicillin-binding protein 4 and intrinsic β-lactam resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:2415-2422.
22. Higgins, J., A. Loughman, K. P. van Kessel, J. A. van Strijp, and T. J. Foster. 2006. Clumping factor A of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 258:290-296.
23. Hussain, M., K. Becker, C. von Eiff, J. Schrenzel, E. Peters, and M. Herrmann. 2001. Identification and characterization of a novel 38.5-kilodalton secretory protein of Staphylococcus aureus with extended-spectrum binding activitiy for extracellular matrix and plasma. J. Bacteriol. 183:6778-6786.
24. Kaneko, J., and Y. Kamio. 2004. Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68:981-1003.
25. Kreikemeyer, B., D. McDevitt, and A. Podbielski. 2002. The role of the map protein in Staphylococcus aureus matrix protein and eukaryotic cell adherence. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 292:283-295.
26. Kuroda, H., M. Kuroda, L. Cui, and K. Hiramatsu. 2007. Subinhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam induce haemolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus through the SaeRS two-component system. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 268:98-105.
27. Labandeira-Rey, M., F. Couzon, S. Boisset, E. L. Brown, M. Bes, Y. Benito, E. M. Barbu, V. Vazquez, M. Hook, J. Etienne, F. Vandenesch, and M. G. Bowden. 2007. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia. Science 315:1130-1133.
28. Lee, L. Y., M. Hook, D. Haviland, R. A. Wetsel, E. O. Yonter, P. Syribeys, J. Vernachio, and E. L. Brown. 2004. Inhibition of complement activation by a secreted Staphylococcus aureus protein. J. Infect. Dis. 190:571-579.
29. Lee, L. Y., X. Liang, M. Hook, and E. L. Brown. 2004. Identification and characterization of the C3 binding domain of the Staphylococcus aureus extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb). J. Biol. Chem. 279:50710-50716.
30. Lee, L. Y., Y. J. Miyamoto, B. W. McIntyre, M. Hook, K. W. McCrea, D. McDevitt, and E. L. Brown. 2002. The Staphylococcus aureus Map protein is an immunomodulator that interferes with T cell-mediated responses. J. Clin. Investig. 110:1461-1471.
31. Lowy, F. D. 1998. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 339: 520-532.
32. Mazmanian, S. K., G. Liu, E. R. Jensen, E. Lenoy, and O. Schneewind. 2000. Staphylococcus aureus sortase mutants defective in the display of surface proteins and in the pathogenesis of animal infections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:5510-5515.
33. Moran, C. P., Jr., N. Lang, S. F. LeGrice, G. Lee, M. Stephens, A. L. Sonenshein, J. Pero, and R. Losick. 1982. Nucleotide sequences that signal the initiation of transcription and translation in Bacillus subtilis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 186:339-346.
34. Ni Eidhin, D., S. Perkins, P. Francois, P. Vaudaux, M. Hook, and T. J. Foster. 1998. Clumping factor B (ClfB), a new surface-located fibrinogen-binding adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 30:245-257.
35. Palma, M., A. Haggar, and J. I. Flock. 1999. Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus is enhanced by an endogenous secreted protein with broad binding activity. J. Bacteriol. 181:2840-2845.
36. Pribnow, D. 1975. Bacteriophage T7 early promoters: nucleotide sequences of two RNA polymerase binding sites. J. Mol. Biol. 99:419-443.
37. Pribnow, D. 1975. Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site at an early T7 promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:784-788.
38. Rechtin, T. M., A. F. Gillaspy, M. A. Schumacher, R. G. Brennan, M. S. Smeltzer, and B. K. Hurlburt. 1999. Characterization of the SarA virulence gene regulator of Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 33:307-316.
39. Rogasch, K., V. Ruhmling, J. Pane-Farre, D. Hoper, C. Weinberg, S. Fuchs, M. Schmudde, B. M. Broker, C. Wolz, M. Hecker, and S. Engelmann. 2006. Influence of the two-component system SaeRS on global gene expression in two different Staphylococcus aureus strains. J. Bacteriol. 188:7742-7758.
40. Rooijakkers, S. H., M. Ruyken, J. van Roon, K. P. van Kessel, J. A. van Strijp, and W. J. Van Wamel. 2006. Early expression of SCIN and CHIPS drives instant immune evasion by Staphylococcus aureus. Cell. Microbiol. 8:1282-1293.
41. Rozalska, B., and T. Wadstrom. 1992. Interaction of fibronectin and fibronectin binding protein (FnBP) of Staphylococcus aureus with murine phagocytes and lymphocytes. FEMS Microbiol. Immunol. 4:305-315.
42. Shannon, O., and J. I. Flock. 2004. Extracellular fibrinogen binding protein, Efb, from Staphylococcus aureus binds to platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation. Thromb. Haemost. 91:779-789.
43. Sinha, B., and M. Herrmann. 2005. Mechanism and consequences of invasion of endothelial cells by Staphylococcus aureus. Thromb. Haemost. 94: 266-277.
44. Sobke, A. C., D. Selimovic, V. Orlova, M. Hassan, T. Chavakis, A. N. Athanasopoulos, U. Schubert, M. Hussain, G. Thiel, K. T. Preissner, and M. Herrmann. 2006. The extracellular adherence protein from Staphylococcus aureus abrogates angiogenic responses of endothelial cells by blocking Ras activation. FASEB J. 20:2621-2623.
45. 3 substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 275:9876-9881.
46. Wolz, C., C. Goerke, R. Landmann, W. Zimmerli, and U. Fluckiger. 2002. Transcription of clumping factor A in attached and unattached Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and during device-related infection. Infect. Immun. 70: 2758-2762.
47. Xie, C., P. Alcaide, B. V. Geisbrecht, D. Schneider, M. Herrmann, K. T. Preissner, F. W. Luscinskas, and T. Chavakis. 2006. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by extracellular adherence protein of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Exp. Med. 203:985-994.
48. Zhang, L., K. Jacobsson, J. Vasi, M. Lindberg, and L. Frykberg. 1998. A second IgG-binding protein in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiology 144:985-991.