Theories on Central Asian factionalism: The debate in political science and its wider implications

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 373-387

  Gullette, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEXITY; CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; DECISION MAKING; POLITICAL REFORM;

ASIA; CENTRAL ASIA; EURASIA;

EID: 37449013372     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: 14653354     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634930701702589     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. In particular, see L. H. Morgan, Ancient Society: Researches into the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization (London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1998[1877]).
2. In order to avoid confusion, in this article I use the singular form of the Russian term 'plemya', instead of the plural form 'plemeni'.
3. N. Motuev, 'Dzhumgal'skii triumf sayakov', ResPublica, 1 April 2003, p 3.
4. Motuev was specifically referring to Turdakun Usubaliev and Askar Akaev, whose ancestry is linked to this plemya. Usubaliev served as First Secretary of the Kyrgyz SSR (1961-1985), and was a parliamentary deputy after independence (1991-2005). Akaev was the first president of the Kyrgyz Republic in 1991 until his ousting in 2005.
5. In Russian: 'Sayaki vsekh stran mira - soedinyaites'!' This was the slogan he used during our interview in May 2003.
6. This phrase was the title of the article. N. Motuev, 'Kto ne znaet svoikh predkov do sed'mogo kolena, tot rab!', ResPublica, 15 April 2003, p 2.
7. While it is argued that people know their ancestors, this is not always true.
8. Pauline Jones Luong, Institutional Change and Political Continuity in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Power, Perceptions, and Pacts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2002), p 179, n 53.
9. Ibid, p 64.
10. Jones Luong describes a 'tribe' as 'an ethnically homogeneous sociopolitical unit based on kinship, often composed of several clans. It is thus distinct from clan in that it is much larger and often serves an explicitly political purpose'. Ibid, p 54, n 7.
11. Ibid, p 67.
12. Ibid, p 68.
13. Ibid, p 68.
14. B. Olivier, 'Korenizatsiia', Central Asian Survey, Vol 9, No 3, 1990, pp 77-98.
15. Jones Luong, op cit, Ref 8, p 70.
16. K. Collins, Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p 43.
17. Ibid, p 43. Collins refers to Evans-Pritchard's work among the Nuer, in which he discussed the concept of segmentary lineage systems - a description of how 'tribal' societies were structurally organised through patrilineal ties and the importance of these structures to the functioning of society. See E. E. Evans-Pritchard, The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940).
18. Ibid, p 44.
19. K. Collins, 'Clan, pacts, and politics in Central Asia', Journal of Democracy, Vol 13, No 3, 2002, p 145.
20. Collins, op cit, Ref 16, p 132.
21. E. Schatz, Modern Clan Politics: The Power of 'Blood' in Kazakhstan and Beyond (London: University of Washington Press, 2004), p 17.
22. E. Schatz, 'Reconceptualising clans: Kinship networks and statehood in Kazakhstan', Nationalities Papers, Vol 33, No 2, 2005, p 249.
23. Schatz refers to zhuz as an 'umbrella clan'.
24. Schatz, op cit, Ref. 22, p 249.
25. Ibid, p 244.
26. See also A. Edgar, Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).
27. See A. Khamidov, 'Kyrgyzstan's unrest linked to clan rivalries'', EurasiaNet (2002), available at http://www.eurasianet.org/ departments/insight/articles/eav060502.shtml (last accessed 14 April 2005)
28. A. Khamidov, 'Kyrgyzstan: Organized opposition and civil unrest', EurasiaNet (2002), available at: http://www.eurasianet.org/ departments/rights/articles/eav121602.shtml (last accessed 14 April 2005)
29. V. Khanin, 'Kyrgyzstan: Ethnic pluralism and political conflicts', Central Asia and the Caucasus, No 3, 2000, pp 123-130
30. V. Kushlubayev, 'Tribalism and state formation in Kyrgyzstan', MA dissertation, Department of Sociology, Central European University, 1995
31. A. Temirkulov, 'Tribalism, conflict, and state-building in the Kyrgyz Republic', Berliner Osteuropa Info, Vol 21, 2004, pp 94-100.
32. V. Khanin, 'Kyrgyzstan: Ethnic pluralism and political conflicts', Central Asia and the Caucasus, No 3, 2000, p 126.
33. A. Khamidov, 'Kyrgyzstan: Organized opposition and civil unrest', EurasiaNet (2002), available at: http://www.eurasianet.org/ departments/rights/articles/eav121602.shtml (last accessed 14 April 2005).
34. Khanin, op cit, Ref 28, p 126. Khanin does not make clear the distinction between 'direct personal relations' and 'personal relations'. In the context of his article, it can be assumed that 'direct personal relations' are those that are shaped by influences determined by different forms of particularism, while 'personal relations' describe relations that have been created and utilised by the elite through their professional connections.
35. Ibid, p 127.
36. This is particularly evident in Jones Luong's 'transitional bargaining' model. See Jones Luong, op cit, Ref 8.
37. S. Radnitz, 'Networks, localism and mobilization in Aksy, Kyrgyzstan', Central Asian Survey, Vol 24, No 4, 2005, pp 405-424.
38. R. Brubaker and F. Cooper, 'Beyond "identity"', Theory and Society Vol 29, No 1, 2000, p 5, original emphasis.
39. This interview was conducted in Russian.
40. A. Schmitz, 'Elite change and political dynamics in Kazakhstan', Orient, Vol 44, No 4, 2003, p 599.
41. D. Schneider, 'What is kinship all about?', in R. Parkin and L. Stone, eds, Kinship and Family: An Anthropological Reader (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), p 259.
42. L. Stone, 'Introduction', in Parkin and Stone, ibid, p 244.
43. Schneider, op cit, Ref 37, p 271.
44. J. Carsten, 'The substance of kinship and the heat of the hearth: feeding, personhood, and relatedness among Malays in Pulau Langkawi', American Ethnologist, Vol 22, No 3, 1995, p 224.
45. J. Carsten, 'Introduction: Cultures of relatedness', in J. Carsten, ed, Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p 4.
46. A. Shryock, Nationalism and the Genealogical Imagination: Oral History and Textual Authority in Tribal Jordan (London: University of California Press, 1997), p 22.
47. Ibid, p 8.
48. L. Bohannan, 'A genealogical charter', Africa, Vol 22, No 4, 1952, p 312.