Chapter Nine Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts: Tracers of Sea-Surface Conditions

Developments in Marine Geology

Volumn 1, Issue , 2007, Pages 371-408

  Vernal, Anne de ^a   Marret, Fabienne ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DINOFLAGELLATE CYST; SEA SURFACE; TRACER;

DINOPHYCEAE;

EID: 37349106340     PISSN: 15725480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1572-5480(07)01014-7     Document Type: Review

References (170)

1. Azanza R.V., Siringan F.P., San Diego-Mcglone M.L., Yñiguez A.T., Macalalad N.H., Zamora P.B., Agustin M.B., and Matsuoka K. Horizontal dinoflagellate cyst distribution, sediment characteristics and benthic flux in Manila Bay, Philippines. Phycological Research 52 4 (2004) 376-386
2. Baldwin R.P. Dinoflagellate resting cysts isolated from sediments in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 21 (1987) 543-553
3. Bé A.W.H., and Tolderlund D.S. Distribution and ecology of living planktonic foraminifera in surface waters of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. In: Funnell B.M., and Riedel W.R. (Eds). The micropaleontology of oceans (1971), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 105-149
4. Biebow, N. (1996). Dinoflagellatenzysten als indikatoren der spät- und postglazialen entwicklung des auftriebgeshehens vor Peru (p. 130). Geomar Report 57.
5. Bint A.N. Recent dinoflagellate cysts from Mermaid Sound, northwestern Australia. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 5 (1988) 329-341
6. Blanco J. Cyst production in four species of neritic dinoflagellates. Journal of Plankton Research 17 1 (1995) 165-182
7. Brenner W.W. Holocene environmental history of the Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea): A micropalaeontological model. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (2005) 227-241
8. Brenner, W. W., & Biebow, N. (2001). Missing autofluorescence of recent and fossil dinoflagellate cysts-an indicator of heterotrophy? Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen, 219(1-2), 229-240.
9. Cho H.-J., Kim C.-H., Moon C.-H., and Matsuoka K. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from the Southern Coastal waters of Korea. Botanica Marina 46 (2003) 332-337
10. Cho, H.-J., & Matsuoka, K. (1999). Dinoflagellate cyst composition in the surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Oceanography and Fisheries. East China Sea (pp. 73-81).
11. CLIMAP. The surface of ice-age earth. Science 191 (1976) 1131-1137
12. Dale B. Cyst formation, sedimentation, and preservation: Factors affecting dinoflagellate assemblages in recent sediments from Trondheimsfjord, Norway. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 22 (1976) 39-60
13. Dale, B. (1996). Dinoflagellate cyst ecology: Modeling and geological applications. In: J. Jansonius, & D. C. McGregor (Eds), Palynology: Principles and applications (Vol. 3, pp. 1249-1275). Salt Lake City, UT: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologist.
14. Dale B. The sedimentary record of dinoflagellate cysts: Looking back in the future of phytoplankton blooms. Scienta Marina 65 2 (2001) 257-272
15. Dale B., and Dale A.L. Environmental applications of dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs. In: Haslett S.K. (Ed). Quarternary environmental micropalaeontology (2002), Arnold, London 208-240
16. Dale B., Dale A.L., and Jansen J.H.F. Dinoflagellate cysts as environmental indicators in surface sediments from the Congo deep-sea fan and adjacent regions. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 185 3-4 (2002) 309-338
17. Dale B., Thorsen T.A., and Fjellså A. Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of cultural eutrophication in the Oslofjord, Norway. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 48 (1999) 371-382
18. Debenay J.P., Carbonel P., Morzadec-Kerfourn M.T., Cazaubon A., Denefle M., and Lezine A.M. Multi-bioindicator study of a small estuary in Vendee (France). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 58 4 (2003) 843-860
19. Devillers R., and de Vernal A. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the northern North Atlantic in relation to nutrient content and productivity in surface waters. Marine Geology 166 (2000) 103-124
20. Dodge J.D. Biogeography of marine armoured dinoflagellates and dinocysts in the NE Atlantic and North Sea. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 84 (1994) 169-180
21. Dodge J.D., and Harland R. The distribution of planktonic dinoflagellates and their cysts in the eastern and northeastern Atlantic Ocean. New Phytologist 118 4 (1991) 593-603
22. Dupont L. Pollen and spores in marine sediments from the East Atlantic-a view form the ocean into the African continent. In: Fisher G., and Wefer G. (Eds). Use of proxies in paleoceanography: Examples from the South Atlantic (1999), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 523-546
23. Dupont L., and Agwu C. Environmental-control of pollen grain distribution patterns in the Gulf of guinea and offshore NW-Africa. Geologische Rundschau 80 3 (1991) 567-589
24. Dupont L., Marret F., and Winn K. Land-sea correlation by means of terrestrial and marine palynomorphs from the equatorial East Atlantic: Phasing of SE trade winds and the oceanic productivity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 142 1-2 (1998) 51-84
25. Dupont L., and Wyputta U. Reconstructing pathways of aeolian pollen transport to the marine sediments along the coastline of SW Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews 22 2-4 (2003) 157-174
26. Edwards L.E., and Andrle V.A.S. Distribution of selected dinoflagellate cysts in modern marine sediments. In: Head M.J., and Wrenn J.H. (Eds). Neogene and quaternary dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs (1992), American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Texas, TX 259-288
27. Edwards L.E., Mudie P.J., and de Vernal A. Pliocene paleoclimatic reconstruction using dinoflagellate cysts: Comparison of methods. Quaternary Science Reviews 10 2-3 (1991) 259
28. Ellegaard M., Christensen N.F., and Moestrup Ø. Dinoflagellate cysts from Recent Danish marine sediments. European Journal of Phycology 29 (1994) 183-194
29. Ellegaard M., Daugbjerg N., Rochon A., Lewis J., and Harding I. Morphological and LSU rDNA sequence variation within the Gonyaulax spinifera-Spiniferites group (Dinophyceae) and proposal of G. elongata comb. nov. and G. membranacea comb. nov. Phycologia 42 2 (2003) 151-164
30. Ellegaard M., Lewis J., and Harding I. Cyst-theca relationship, life cycle and effetcs of temperature and salinity on the cyst morphology of Gonyaulax baltica sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) from the Baltic Sea area. Journal of Phycology 38 (2002) 775-789
31. Esper O., Versteegh G.J.M., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Willems H. A palynological reconstruction of the Agulhas retroflection (South Atlantic Ocean) during the Late Quaternary. Global and Planetary Change 41 (2004) 31-62
32. Esper O., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Willems H. Distribution of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the southern Ocean (Atlantic sector) between the Subtropical Front and Weddell Gyre. Marine Micropaleontology 46 (2002) 177-208
33. Eynaud F., Turon J.L., Matthiessen J., Kissel C., Peypouquet J.P., de Vernal A., and Henry M. Norwegian sea-surface palaeoenvironments of marine oxygen-isotope stage 3: The paradoxical response of dinoflagellate cysts. Journal of Quaternary Science 17 4 (2002) 349-359
34. Fensome, R. A., Taylor, F. J. R., Norris, G., Sarjeant, W. A. S., Wharton, D. I., & Williams, G. L. (1993). A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. American Museum of Natural History. Micropaleontology, Special publication number 7, pp. 1-351.
35. Fensome, R. A., & Williams, G. L. (2004). The Lentin and Williams Index of fossil dinoflagellates 2004 edition. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation Contribution Series 42.
36. Gaines G., and Elbrachter M. Heterotrophic nutrition. In: Taylor F.J.R. (Ed). The biology of dinoflagellates (1987), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 224-281
37. Gibson C.H. Laboratory and ocean studies of phytoplankton response to fossil turbulence. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 31 (2000) 295-306
38. Gibson C.H., and Thomas W.H. Effects of turbulence intermittency on growth inhibition of a red tide dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra Stein. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 24841-24846
39. Godhe A., Karunasagar I., Karunasagar I., and Karlson B. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from SW India. Botanica Marina 43 1 (2000) 39-48
40. Gowen R.J., and Stewart B.M. The Irish Sea: Nutrient status and phytoplankton. Journal of Sea Research 54 (2005) 36-50
41. Graham L.E., and Wilcox L.W. Algae (2000), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
42. Grosfjeld K., and Harland R. Distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts from inshore areas along the coast of southern Norway. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 651-659
43. Grosfjeld K., Larsen E., Sejrup H.P., de Vernal A., Flatebo T., Vestbo M., Haflidason H., and Aarseth I. Dinoflagellate cysts reflecting surface-water conditions in Voldafjorden, western Norway during the last 11,300 years. Boreas 28 3 (1999) 403-415
44. Gross M.G., and Gross E. Oceanography, a view of the Earth. 7th ed. (1994), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
45. Guiot J. Methodology of the Last Climatic Cycle reconstruction in France from pollen data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80 1 (1990) 49-69
46. Hallegraeff C.M., Anderson D.M., and Cembella A.D. Manual on harmful marine microalgae. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology (2003), UNESCO, Paris
47. Hamel D., de Vernal A., Gosselin M., and Hillaire-Marcel C. Organic-walled microfossils and geochemical tracers: Sedimentary indicators of productivity changes in the North Water and northern Baffin Bay during the last centuries. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography 49 22-23 (2002) 5277-5295
48. Harland R. Distribution maps of recent dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments from the North-Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Palaeontology 26 (1983) 321-387
49. Harland R., and Long D. A Holocene dinoflagellate cyst record from offshore north-east England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 51 1 (1996) 65-74
50. Harland R., Nordberg K., and Filipsson H.L. The seasonal occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from Koljo Fjord, west coast of Sweden-a note. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 128 1-2 (2004) 107-117
51. Harland R., Pudsey C., Howe J., and Fitzpatrick M. Recent dinoflagellate cysts in a transect from the Falkland trough to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Palaeontology 41 (1998) 1093-1131
52. Head, M. J. (1996). Modern dinoflagellate cysts and their biological affinities. In: J. Jansonius, & D. C. McGregor (Eds), Palynology: Principles and applications (Vol. 3, pp. 1197-1248). Salt Lake City, UT: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.
53. Hillaire-Marcel C., de Vernal A., Bilodeau G., and Weaver A.J. Absence of deep water formation in the Labrador Sea during the last interglacial period. Nature 410 (2001) 1073-1077
54. Holl C., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Willems H. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and oceanographical changes over the last 140 ka. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 160 1-2 (2000) 69-90
55. Hooghiemstra H., and Agwu C.O.C. Distribution of palynomorphs in marine sediments-a record for seasonal wind patterns over NW Africa and adjacent Atlantic. Geologische Rundschau 75 1 (1986) 81-95
56. Imbrie J., and Kipp N.G. A new micropalaeontological method of quantitative palaeoclimatology: Application to a Late Pleistocene Caribbean core. In: Turekian K.K. (Ed). The Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages (1971), Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 71-181
57. Joyce L.B., Pitcher G.C., du Randt A., and Monteiro P.M.S. Dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Saldanha Bay, South Africa: An indication of the potential risk of harmful algal blooms. Harmful Algae 4 (2005) 309-318
58. Kawamura H. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution along a shelf to slope transect of an oligotrophic tropical sea (Sunda Shelf, South China Sea). Phycological Research 52 4 (2004) 355
59. Kobayashi S., Matsuoka K., and Lizuka S. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Japanese coastal waters. I. Omura Bay, Kyushu (in Japanese). Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 33 (1986) 81-93
60. Kokinos J.P., and Anderson D.M. Morphological development of resting cysts in cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (=L. machaerophorum). Palynology 19 (1995) 143-166
61. Kokinos J.P., Eglinton T.I., Goni M.A., Boon J.J., Martoglio P.A., and Anderson D.M. Characterization of a highly resistant biomacromolecular material in the cell wall of a marine dinoflagellate resting cyst. Organic Geochemistry 28 5 (1998) 265-288
62. Kucera M., Weinelt M., Kiefer T., Pflaumann U., Hayes A., Weinelt M., Chen M.T., Mix A.C., Barrows T.T., Cortijo E., Duprat J., Juggins S., and Waelbroeck C. Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures from assemblages of planktonic foraminifera: Multi-technique approach based on geographically constrained calibration data sets and its application to glacial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Quaternary Science Reviews 24 7-9 (2005) 951-998
63. Kunz-Pirrung M. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in recent sediments of the Laptev Sea (Arctic Ocean) and their relation to hydrographic conditions. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 (2001) 637-650
64. Levac E. High resolution Holocene palynological record from the Scotian Shelf. Marine Micropaleontology 43 3-4 (2001) 179-197
65. Levac E., and de Vernal A. Postglacial changes of terrestrial and marine environments along the Labrador coast: Palynological evidence from cores 91-045-005 and 91-045-006, Cartwright Saddle. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34 10 (1997) 1358-1365
66. Levac E., de Vernal A., and Blake W. Sea-surface conditions in northernmost Baffin Bay during the Holocene: Palynological evidence. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 4 (2001) 353-363
67. Levandowsky M., and Kaneta P. Behaviour in dinoflagellates. In: Taylor F.J.R. (Ed). The biology of dinoflagellates (1987), Blackwell Scientific, Oxford 330-397
68. Lewis, J., Dodge, J. D., & Powell, A. J. (1990). Quaternary dinoflagellate cysts from the upwelling system offshore Peru, Hole 686B, ODP LEG 112. In: E. Suess, R. von Huene, et al. (Eds), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results (Vol. 112, pp. 323-327).
69. Lewis J., and Hallett R. Lingulodinium polyedrum (Gonyaulax polyedra) a blooming dinoflagellate. Oceanography and Marine Biology; an Annual Review 35 (1997) 97-161
70. Lewis J., Harris A.S.D., Jones K.J., and Edmonds R.L. Long-term survival of marine planktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates in stored sediment samples. Journal of Plankton Research 21 2 (1999) 343-354
71. Mangin, S. (2002). Distribution actuelle des kystes de dinoflagellés en Méditerranée occidentale et application aux fonctions de transfert (p. 34). Memoir of DEA, University of Bordeaux 1.
72. Marret F. Les effets de l'acétolyse sur les assemblages des kystes de dinoflagellés. Palynosciences 2 (1993) 267-272
73. Marret F. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from the east equatorial Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 84 1-2 (1994) 1-22
74. Marret, F. (1994b). Evolution paléoclimatique et paléohydrologique de l'Atlantique est-équatorial et du proche continent au Quaternaire terminal. Contribution palynologique (kystes de dinoflagellés, pollen et spores). Doctoral thesis, Bordeaux I. 271pp.
75. Marret F., and de Vernal A. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in surface sediments of the southern Indian Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology 29 3-4 (1997) 367-392
76. Marret F., de Vernal A., Benderra F., and Harland R. Late Quaternary sea-surface conditions at DSDP Hole 594 in the southwest Pacific Ocean based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 739-751
77. Marret F., de Vernal A., Pedersen T.F., and McDonald D. Middle Pleistocene to Holocene palynostratigraphy of Ocean Drilling Program Site 887 in the Gulf of Alaska, northeastern North Pacific. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38 3 (2001) 373-386
78. Marret F., Leroy S., Chalié F., and Gasse F. New organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from recent sediments of Central Asian seas. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 129 1-2 (2004) 1-20
79. Marret F., and Scourse J.D. Control of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the Irish and Celtic seas by seasonal stratification dynamics. Marine Micropaleontology 47 1-2 (2002) 101-116
80. Marret F., Scourse J.D., and Austin W.E.N. Holocene shelf-sea seasonal stratification dynamics: A dinoflagellate cyst record from the Celtic Sea, NW European shelf. Holocene 14 5 (2004) 689-696
81. Marret F., Scourse J., Versteegh G., Jansen J., and Schneider R. Integrated marine and terrestrial evidence for abrupt Congo River palaeodischarge fluctuations during the last deglaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 8 (2001) 761-766
82. Marret F., and Zonneveld K.A.F. Atlas of modern organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst distribution. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 125 1-2 (2003) 1-200
83. Matsuoka K. Dinoflagellate cysts and pollen in pelagic sediments of the northern part of the Philippine Sea. Bulletin of Faculty of Liberal Arts, Nagasaki University (Natural Science) 21 (1981) 59-70
84. Matsuoka K. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from surface sediments of Nagasaki Bay and Senzaki Bay, West Japan. Bulletin of Faculty of Liberal Arts, Nagasaka University, (Natural Science) 25 2 (1985) 21-115
85. Matsuoka K. Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages-a case of Yokohama Port, Tokyo Bay, Japan. The Science of the Total Environment 231 (1999) 17-35
86. Matsuoka, K., Saito, Y., Katayama, H., Kanai, Y., Chen, J., & Zho, H. (1999). Marine palynomorphs found in surface sediments and a core sample collected from of Chanjang River, western part of the East China Sea. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Oceanography and Fisheries. East China Sea (pp. 195-207).
87. Matthiessen J. Distribution Patterns of dinoflagellate cysts and other organic-walled microfossils in recent Norwegian-Greenland sea sediments. Marine Micropaleontology 24 3-4 (1994) 307-334
88. Matthiessen J., de Vernal A., Head M.J., Okolodkov Y.B., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Harland R. Modern organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in Artic marine environments and their (paleo) environmental significance. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 79 1 (2005) 3-51
89. McQuoid M.R., Godhe A., and Nordberg K. Viability of phytoplankton resting stages in the sediments of a coastal Swedish fjord. European Journal of Phycology 37 2 (2002) 191-201
90. Melia M. The distribution and relationship between palynomorphs in aerosols and deep-sea sediments off the coast of northwest Africa. Marine Geology 58 3-4 (1984) 345-371
91. Mizuchima K., and Matsuoka K. Vertical distribution and germination ability of Alexandrium spp. cysts (Dinophyceae) in the sediments collected from Kure Bay of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Phycological Research 52 4 (2004) 408-413
92. Montresor M., Zingone A., and Sarno D. Dinoflagellate cyst production at a coastal Mediterranean site. Journal of Plankton Research 20 12 (1998) 2291-2312
93. Morquecho L., and Lechuga-Devèze C.H. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Bahía Concepción, Gulf of California. Botanica Marina 46 (2003) 132-141
94. Morzadec-Kerfourn M.T. Estuarine dinoflagellate cysts among oceanic assemblages of Pleistocene deep-sea sediments from the West African margin and their palaeoenvironmental significance. In: Head M.J., and Wrenn J.H. (Eds). Neogene and Quaternary dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs (1992), American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, TX 133-146
95. Mudie P.J. Circum-arctic Quaternary and Neogene marine palynofloras: Paleoecology and statistical analysis. In: Head M.J., and Wrenn J.H. (Eds). Neogene and Quaternary dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs (1992), American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, TX 347-390
96. Mudie P.J., Aksu A.E., and Yasar D. Late Quaternary dinoflagellate cysts from the black, Marmara and Aegean seas: variations in assemblages, morphology and paleosalinity. Marine Micropaleontology 43 (2001) 155-178
97. Mudie P.J., and Harland R. Aquatic Quaternary. In: Jansonius J., and McGregor D.C. (Eds). Palynology: Principles and applications (1996), American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologist Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT 843-878
98. Mudie P.J., Harland R., Matthiessen J., and de Vernal A. Dinoflagellate cysts and high latitude Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions: An introduction. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 (2001) 595-602
99. Mudie P.J., and Rochon A. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Canadian Arctic marine region. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 603
100. Mudie P.J., Rochon A., Aksu A.E., and Gillespie H. Dinoflagellate cysts, freshwater algae and fungal spores as salinity indicators in Late Quaternary cores from Marmara and Black seas. Marine Geology 190 1-2 (2002) 203
101. Nehring S. Spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent sediments of Kiel Bight, Germany (Baltic Sea). Ophelia 39 2 (1994) 137-158
102. Nehring S. Dinoflagellate resting cysts from recent German coastal sediments. Botanica Marina 40 (1997) 307-327
103. Orlova T.Y., Morozova T.V., Gribble K.E., Kulis D.M., and Anderson D.M. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from the east coast of Russia. Botanica Marina 47 3 (2004) 184
104. Parsons T.R., Takahashi M., and Hargrave B. Biological oceanographic processes (1984), Pergamon Press, Oxford
105. Pawlowski J., Holzmann M., Fahrni J.F., Pochon X., and Lee J.J. Molecular identification of algal endosymbionts in large miliolid foraminifera. 2. Dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48 (2001) 368-373
106. Pemberton K., Rees A.P., Miller P.I., Raine R., and Joint I. The influence of water body characteristics on phytoplankton diversity and production in the Celtic Sea. Continental Shelf Research 24 17 (2004) 2011
107. Persson A., Godhe A., and Karlson B. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from the west coast of Sweden. Botanica Marina 43 1 (2000) 69-79
108. Peyron O., and de Vernal A. Application of artificial neural networks (ANN) to high-latitude dinocyst assemblages for the reconstruction of past sea-surface conditions in Arctic and sub-Arctic seas. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 699-709
109. Pienkowski-Furze, A. (2004). Dinoflagellates and their cysts from the Weddell Sea. Ph. D. thesis, University of Wales-Bangor. 185pp.
110. Pitcher G.C., Walker D.R., Mitchell-Innes B.A., and Moloney C.L. Short-term variability during an anchor station study in the southern Benguela upwelling system: Phytoplankton dynamics. Progress in Oceanography 28 (1991) 39-64
111. Pochon X., LaJeunesse T.C., and Pawlowski J. Biogeographic partitioning and host specialization among foraminiferan dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium; Dinophyta). Marine Biology 146 (2004) 17-27
112. Pospelova V., Chmura G.L., Boothman W.S., and Latimer J.S. Dinoflagellate cyst records and human disturbance in two neighboring estuaries, New Bedford Harbor and Apponagansett Bay, Massachusetts (USA). Science of the Total Environment 298 1-3 (2002) 81
113. Powell A.J. A stratigraphic Index of Dinoflagellate cysts (1992), British Micropaleontological Society Publication Series, Chapman & Hall, London
114. Radi, T., Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., & Vaughn, B. J. (2007). Dinoflagellate cysts as indicators of water quality and productivity in estuarine environments of British Columbia, Marine Micropaleontology, in press.
115. Radi T., and de Vernal A. Dinocyst distribution in surface sediments from the northeastern Pacific margin (40-60°N) in relation to hydrographic conditions, productivity and upwelling. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 128 1-2 (2004) 169
116. Radi, T., & de Vernal, A. (2006). Transfer functions for the reconstruction of primary productivity in marine environments and paleoenvironments based on organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. GAC-MAC Annual meeting, Montreal, May 2006, Abstract SS-14.
117. Radi T., de Vernal A., and Peyron O. Relationships between dinocyst assemblages in surface sediment and hydrographic conditions in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 667-681
118. Raine R., White M., and Dodge J.D. The summer distribution of net plankton dinoflagellates and their relation to water movements in the NE Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland. Journal of Plankton Research 24 (2002) 1131-1147
119. Rochon A., and de Vernal A. Palynomorph distribution in recent sediments from the Labrador Sea. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31 (1994) 115-127
120. Rochon A., de Vernal A., Sejrup H.P., and Haflidason H. Palynological evidence of climatic and oceanographic changes in the North Sea during the last deglaciation. Quaternary Research 49 2 (1998) 197-207
121. Rochon, A., de Vernal, A., Turon, J.-L., Matthiessen, J., & Head, M. J. (1999). Distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins and quantitative reconstructions of sea-surface parameters. Series Dallas, TX: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation. Special contribution no. 35.
122. Sangiorgi F., and Donders T.H. Reconstructing 150 years of eutrophication in the north-western Adriatic Sea (Italy) using dinoflagellate cysts, pollen and spores. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60 1 (2004) 69
123. Sangiorgi F., Fabbri D., Comandini M., Gabbianelli G., and Tagliavini E. The distribution of sterols and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the North-western Adriatic Sea (Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 64 2-3 (2005) 395
124. Schnepf E., and Elbrächter M. Dinophyte chloroplasts and phylogeny-A review. Grana 38 (1999) 81-97
125. Shi N., Schneider R., Beug H., and Dupont L. Southeast trade wind variations during the last 135 kyr: Evidence from pollen spectra in eastern South Atlantic sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 187 3-4 (2001) 311-321
126. Smayda T.J., and Reynolds C.S. Community assembly in marine phytoplankton: application of recent models to harmful dinoflagellate blooms. Journal of Plankton Research 23 (2001) 447-461
127. Smayda T.J., and Reynolds C.S. Strategies of marine dinoflagellate survival and some rules of assembly. Journal of Sea Research 49 2 (2003) 95
128. Solignac S., de Vernal A., and Hillaire-Marcel C. Holocene sea-surface conditions in the North Atlantic-Contrasted trends and regimes in the western and eastern sectors (Labrador Sea vs. Iceland Basin). Quaternary Science Reviews 23 3-4 (2004) 319
129. Sonneman J.A., and Hill D.R.A. A taxonomic survey of cyst-producing dinoflagellates from recent sediments of Victorian Coastal Waters, Australia. Botanica Marina 40 (1997) 149-177
130. Sournia A. Red tide and toxic marine phytoplankton of the world ocean: An inquiry into biodiversity. In: Lassus P., Arzul G., Erard E., Gentien P., and Marcaillou B. (Eds). Harmful marine algal blooms (1995), Lavoisier, Paris 103-112
131. Sprangers M., Dammers N., Brinkhuis H., Van Weering T.C.E., and Lotter A.F. Modern organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst distribution offshore NW Iberia; tracing the upwelling system. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 128 1-2 (2004) 97
132. Struck U., Sarnthein M., Westerhausen L., Barnola J.M., and Raynaud D. Ocean-atmosphere carbon exchange-impact of the biological pump in the Atlantic equatorial upwelling belt over the last 330,000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 103 1-2 (1993) 41-56
133. Sun X.K., and Mcminn A. Recent dinoflagellate cyst distribution associated with the subtropical convergence on the Chatham Rise, east of New-Zealand. Marine Micropaleontology 23 4 (1994) 345-356
134. Susek E., Zonneveld K.A.F., Fischer G., Versteegh G.J.M., and Willems H. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production in relation to upwelling intensity and lithogenic influx in the Cape Blanc region (off north-west Africa). Phycological Research 53 2 (2005) 97
135. Targarona J., Warnaar J., Boessenkool K.P., Brinkhuis H., and Canals M. Recent dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the North Canary Basin, NW Africa. Grana 38 (1999) 170-178
136. Taylor F.J.R., and Pollingher U. The ecology of Dinoflagellates. In: Taylor F.J.R. (Ed). The biology of Dinoflagellates (1987), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 398-529
137. Telford R.J. Limitations of dinoflagellate cyst transfer functions. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 13-14 (2006) 1375-1382
138. Thorsen T.A., and Dale B. Climatically influenced distribution of Gymnodinium catenatum during the past 2000 years in coastal sediments of southern Norway. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143 (1998)
139. Turon J.L. Recent pollen assemblages from deep-sea cores and provenance of Reykjanes Ridge and Gibbs Fracture Sediments. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances De L'Académie ses Sciences-Série D 291 5 (1980) 453-456
140. Turner J.T. Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 27 1 (2002) 57-102
141. Veldhuis M.J.W., de Baar H.J.W., Kraay G.W., Van Bleijswijk D.L., and Baars M.A. Seasonal and spatial variability in phytoplankton biomass, productivity and growth in the northwestern Indian Ocean: The southwest and northeast monsoon, 1992-1993. Deep-Sea Research I 44 (1997) 425-449
142. de Vernal A., Eynaud F., Henry M., Hillaire-Marcel C., Londeix L., Mangin S., Matthiessen J., Marret F., Radi T., Rochon A., Solignac S., and Turon J. Reconstruction of sea-surface conditions at middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Quaternary Science Reviews 24 7-9 (2005) 897-924
143. de Vernal A., and Giroux L. Distribution of organic-walled microfossils in recent sediments from the estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 113 (1991) 189-199
144. de Vernal A., Guiot J., and Turon J.-L. Postglacial evolution of environments in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: Palynological evidence. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 47 (1993) 167-180
145. de Vernal A., Henry M., Matthiesen J., Mudie P.J., Rochon A., Boessenkool K.P., Eynaud F., Grøsfjeld K., Guiot J., Hamel D., Harland R., Head M.J., Kunz-Pirrung M., Levac E., Loucheur V., Peyron O., Pospelova V., Radi T., Turon J.-L., and Voronina E. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as tracers of sea-surface conditions in the Northern North Atlantic, Arctic and sub-Arctic seas: The new 'n=677' data base and its application for quantitative palaeoceanographic reconstruction. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 681
146. de Vernal A., Hillaire-Marcel C., and Bilodeau G. Reduced meltwater outflow from the Laurentide ice margin during the Younger Dryas. Nature 381 (1996) 774-777
147. de Vernal, A., Hillaire-Marcel, C., & Darby, D. (2005b). Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene. Paleoceanography, 20, PA4018, doi:10.1029/2005PA001157.
148. de Vernal A., Hillaire-Marcel C., Turon J.-L., and Matthiessen J. Reconstruction of sea-surface temperature, salinity, and sea-ice cover in the northern North Atlantic during the last glacial maximum based on dinocyst assemblages. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37 5 (2000) 725-750
149. de Vernal A., and Pedersen T.F. Micropaleontology and palynology of core PAR87A-10: A 23,000 year record of paleoenvironmental changes in the Gulf of Alaska, northeast North Pacific. Paleoceanography 12 6 (1997) 821-830
150. de Vernal A., Rochon A., Turon J.-L., and Matthiessen J. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts: Palynological tracers of sea-surface conditions in middle to high latitude marine environments. GEOBIOS 30 (1997) 905-920
151. de Vernal A., Rosell-Melé A., Kucera M., Hillaire-Marcel C., Eynaud F., Weinelt M., Dokken T., and Kageyama M. Testing the validity of proxies for the reconstruction of LGM sea-surface conditions in the northern North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 21-22 (2006) 2820-2834
152. de Vernal A., Turon J.L., and Guiot J. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in high-latitude marine environments and quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface salinity, temperature, and seasonality. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31 1 (1994) 48-62
153. Versteegh G.J.M., and Blokker P. Resistant macromolecules of extant and fossil microalgae. Phycological Research 52 (2004) 325-339
154. Vink A. Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts in South and equatorial Atlantic surface sediments: Diversity, distribution, ecology and potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Marine Micropaleontology 50 1-2 (2004) 43
155. Vink A., Brune A., Holl C., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Willems H. On the response of calcareous dinoflagellates to oligotrophy and stratification of the upper water column in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 178 1-2 (2002) 53-66
156. Vink A., Ruhlemann C., Zonneveld K.A.F., Mulitza S., Huls M., and Willems H. Shifts in the position of the North Equatorial Current and rapid productivity changes in the western Tropical Atlantic during the last glacial. Paleoceanography 16 5 (2001) 479-490
157. Vink A., Zonneveld K.A.F., and Willems H. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in western equatorial Atlantic surface sediments: Distributions and their relation to environment. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 112 4 (2000) 247-286
158. Voronina E., Polyak L., de Vernal A., and Peyron O. Holocene variations of sea-surface conditions in the southeastern Barents Sea, reconstructed from dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Journal of Quaternary Science 16 7 (2001) 717-726
159. Wall D., and Dale B. Modern dinoflagellate cysts and the evolution of the Peridiniales. Micropaleontology 14 (1968) 265-304
160. Wall D., and Dale B. Palaeosalinity relationships of dinoflagellates in the late Quaternary of the Black Sea-a summary. Geosciences Man VII (1973) 95-102
161. Wall D., Dale B., Lohmann G.P., and Smith W.K. The environmental and climatic distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the North and South Atlantic Oceans and adjacent seas. Marine Micropaleontology 2 (1977) 121-200
162. Wells P., and Okada H. Response of nannoplankton to major changes in sea-surface temperature and movements of hydrological fronts over Site DSDP 594 (south Chatham Rise, southeastern New Zealand), during the last 130 kyr. Marine Micropaleontology 32 3-4 (1997) 341-363
163. Winter A., Jordan R.W., and Roth P.H. Biogeography of living coccolithophores in ocean waters. In: Winter A., and Siesser W.G. (Eds). Coccolithophores (1994), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 161-177
164. Zonneveld K.A.F. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in surface sediments from the Arabian Sea (northwestern Indian Ocean) in relation to temperature and salinity gradients in the upper water column. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography 44 6-7 (1997) 1411-1443
165. Zonneveld K.A.F., and Brummer G.J.A. (Palaeo-)ecological significance, transport and preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in the Somali Basin, NW Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography 47 9-11 (2000) 2229-2256
166. Zonneveld K.A.F., Hoek R.P., Brinkhuis H., and Willems H. Geographical distributions of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in surficial sediments of the Benguela upwelling region and their relationship to upper ocean conditions. Progress in Oceanography 48 1 (2001) 25-72
167. Zonneveld K.A.F., Holl C., Janofske D., Karwath B., Kerntopf B., Rühlemann C., and Willems H. Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts as palaeo-environmental tools. In: Fischer G., and Wefer G. (Eds). Use of proxies in paleoceanography: Examples from the South Atlantic (1999), Springer, Berlin 145-167
168. Zonneveld, K. A. F., & Susek, E. (2006). Effect of temperature, light and salinity on cyst production and morphology of Tuberculodinium vancampoae (Rossignol 1962) Wall 1967 (Pyrophacus steinii (Schiller 1935) Wall et Dale 1971). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (in press).
169. Zonneveld K.A.F., Versteegh G.J.M., and deLange G.J. Preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in different oxygen regimes: A 10,000 year natural experiment. Marine Micropaleontology 29 3-4 (1997) 393-405
170. Zonneveld K.A.F., Versteegh G.J.M., and de Lange G.J. Palaeoproductivity and post-depositional aerobic organic matter decay reflected by dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Eastern Mediterranean S1 sapropel. Marine Geology 172 3-4 (2001) 181-195