Levels of protein C activity and clinical factors in early phase of pediatric septic shock may be associated with the risk of death

Shock

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 518-523

  Samransamruajkit, Rujipat ^a   Hiranrat, Titikul ^a   Prapphal, Nuanchan ^a   Sritippayawan, Suchada ^a   Deerojanawong, Jitladda ^a   Poovorawan, Yong ^a  

^a CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Activated protein c; Mortality; Risk of death; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN C;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME;

ADOLESCENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FIBRIN FIBRINOGEN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; HUMANS; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTEIN C; RISK FACTORS; SHOCK, SEPTIC;

EID: 37349060628     PISSN: 10732322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318054de02     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM: Surviving sepsis campaign management guidelines committee. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 32(3):858-873, 2004.
2. Remick DG, Ward PA: Evaluation of endotoxin models for study of sepsis. Shock 24(suppl 1):7-11, 2005.
3. Levi M, Keller TT, Van Gorp E, Ten Cate H: Infection and inflammation and the coagulation system. Cardiovasc Res 60(1):26-39, 2003.
4. Vincent JL, Abraham E: The last 100 years of sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(3):256-263, 2006.
5. Yan SB, Helterbrand JD, Hartman DL, Wright TJ, Bernard GR: Low levels of protein C are associated with poor outcome in severe sepsis. Chest 120(3):915-922, 2001.
6. Bernard GR: Drotrecogin alfa (activated, recombinant human activated protein C) for the treatment of severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 31(1):85-93, 2003.
7. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 344:699-709, 2001.
8. Haley M, Cui X, Minneci PC, Deans KJ, Natanson C, Eichacker PQ: Activated protein C in sepsis: emerging insights regarding its mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness. Curr Opin Infect Dis 17(3):205-211, 2004.
9. Baillie JK, Murray G: Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 354(1):94-96, 2006.
10. Fourrier F, Leclerc F, Aidan K, Sadik A, Jourdain M, Tournoys A: Noizet O combined antithrombin III and protein C supplementation in meningococcal purpura fulminans: a pharmacokinetic study. Intensive Care Med 29: 1081-1087, 2003.
11. Hazelzet JA: How to ENHANCE our knowledge of activated protein C during pediatric sepsis trials: pediatric versus adult trials. Pediatr Crit Care Med 7(3):277-278, 2006.
12. Goldstein B, Nadel S, Peters M, Barton R, Marchado S, Levy H, Haney DJ, Utterback B, Williams MD: Giroir BP ENHANCE: results of a global open-label trial of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 7(3):200-211, 2006.
13. Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A: the members of the international consensus conference on pediatric sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definition for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6:2-8, 2005.
14. Oberholzer A, Souza SM, Tschoeke SK, Oberholzer C, Abouhamze A, Pribble JP, Moldawer LL: Plasma cytokine measurements augment prognostic scores as indicators of outcome in patients with severe sepsis. Shock 23(6):488-493, 2005.
15. Angus DC, Laterre PF, Helterbrand J, Ely EW, Ball DE, Garg R, Weissfeld LA, Bernard GR: PROWESS investigators. The effect of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on long-term survival after severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 32(11): 2199-2206, 2004.
16. Rice TW, Bernard GR: Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Am J Med Sci 328(4):205-214, 2004.
17. Wood KA, Angus DC: Pharmacoeconomic implications of new therapies in sepsis. Pharmacoeconomics 22(14):895-906, 2004.
18. Hesselvik J, Blomback M, Malm J, Dahlback B, Protein C: protein S and C4b-binding protein in severe infection and septic shock. Thromb Haemost 65:126-129, 1991.
19. Fourrier F, Chopin C, Goudemand J, Hendrycx S, Caron C, Rime A, Marey A, Lestavel P: Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest 101(3):816-823, 1992.
20. Lorente JA, Garcia-Frade LJ, Landin L, de Pablo R, Torrado C, Renes E, Garcia-Avello A: Time course of hemostatic abnormalities in sepsis and its relation to outcome. Chest 103(5):1536-1542, 1993.
21. Boldt J, Papsdorf M, Rothe A, Piper S, Kumle B: Changes of the hemostatic network in critically ill patients - is there a difference between sepsis, trauma, and neurosurgery patients? Crit Care Med 28:445-450, 2000.
22. Laterre PF, Levy H, Clermont G, Ball DE, Garg R, Nelson DR, Dhainaut JF, Angus DC: Hospital mortality and resource use in subgroups of the Recombinant Human Activated Protein c Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial. Crit Care Med 32(11):2207-2218, 2004.
23. Powars D, Larsen R, Johnson J, Hulbert T, Sun T, Patch MJ, Francis R, Chan L: Epidemic meningococcemia and purpura fulminans with induced protein C deficiency. Clin Infect Dis 17:254-261, 1993.
24. De Kleijn ED, De Groot R, Hack CE, Mulder PG, Engl W, Moritz B, Joosten KF, Hazelzet JA: Activation of protein C following infusion of protein c concentrate in children with severe meningococcal sepsis and purpura fulminans: a double-blinded placebo controlled, dose finding study. Crit Care Med 31:1839-1847, 2003.
25. Franscini N, Bachli EB, Blau N, Leikauf MS, Schaffner A, Schoedon G: Gene expression profiling of inflamed human endothelial cells and influence of activated protein C. Circulation 110(18):2903-2909, 2004.
26. Yan SB, Dhainaut JF: Activated protein C versus protein C in severe sepsis. Chest 29:s69-s74, 2001.
27. Rosenberg RD, Aird WC: Vascular-bed-specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states. N Engl J Med 340(20):1555-1564, 1999.
28. Taylor FB, Chank A, Esmon CT: Protein C prevents the coagulopathic and lethal effects of E. coli infusion in the baboon. J Clin Invest 79:918-925, 1987.
29. D-dimer is associated with clinical outcomes among critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 26:1054-1060, 1998.
30. Fourrier F, Jourdain M, Tourneys A: Clinical trial results with antithrombin III in sepsis. Cri Care Med 28(9):38-43, 2000.
31. Kerr M. Drotrecogin alfa does not improve outcome in children with sepsis. 2006. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/521400?src=mp.
32. Bernard GR, Margolis BD, Shanies HM, Ely EW, Wheeler AP, Levy H, Wong K, Wright TJ: Extended evaluation of recombinant human activated protein C United States trial (ENHANCE US) - a single-arm, phase 3B, multicenter study of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe sepsis. Chest 125(6):2206-2216, 2004.