Beyond Weak and Strong: Rethinking the State in Comparative Policy History

Journal of Policy History

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 12-33

  Baldwin, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 37249023049     PISSN: 08980306     EISSN: 15284190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jph.2005.0002     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. One of the themes of Joseph R. Gusfield, The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking- Driving and the Symbolic Order (Chicago, 1981).
2. James Q. Whitman, Harsh Justice: Criminal Policy and the Widening Divide Between America and Europe (New York, 2003).
3. Lawrence M. Friedman, The Republic of Choice: Law, Authority, and Culture (Cambridge, Mass. 1990), 191;
4. Christian Ruby and Kévin Nouvel, “Le révélateur sida,” Regards sur l'actualité 194-95 (1993): 86.
5. Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York, 1995), 17.
6. Enrique Rodriguez and Sven Steinmo, “The Development of the American and Swedish Tax System: A Comparison,” Intertax 3 (1986).
7. Peter Baldwin, “Welfare State and Citizenship in the Age of Globalization,” in Andreas F⊘llesdal and Peter Koslowski, eds. Restructuring the Welfare State: Ethical Issues of Social Security in an International Perspective (Berlin, 1997)
8. Idem, “Can We Define a European Welfare State Model?” in Bent Greve, ed. Comparative Welfare Systems: The Scandinavian Model in a Period of Change (London, 1996)
9. Idem, “The Welfare State for Historians,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 4 (October 1992).
10. Richard Rose, “Is American Public Policy Exceptional?” in Byron E. Shafer, ed. Is America Different? A New Look at American Exceptionalism (Oxford, 1991).
11. Francis G. Castles, ed. The Comparative History of Public Policy (Oxford, 1989).
12. Theda Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States (Cambridge, Mass. 1992)
13. Neil Gilbert, Transformation of the Welfare State: The Silent Surrender of Public Responsibility (New York, 2002)
14. Christopher Howard, The Hidden Welfare State: Tax Expenditures and Social Policy in the United States (Princeton, 1997)
15. Jacob S. Hacker, The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States (Cambridge, 2002)
16. Laura S. Jensen, Patriots, Settlers, and the Origins of American Social Policy (Cambridge, 2003)
17. Marc Allen Eisner, From Warfare State to Welfare State: World War I, Compensatory State-Building, and the Limits of the Modern Order (University Park, Pa. 2000)
18. Julian E. Zelizer, Taxing America: Wilbur D. Mills, Congress, and the State, 1945-1975 (Cambridge, 1998)
19. Lee J. Alston and Joseph P. Ferrie, Southern Paternalism and the Rise of the American Welfare State: Economics, Politics, and Institutions, 1865-1965 (Cambridge, 1999).
20. Paul V. Dutton, Origins of the French Welfare State: The Struggle for Social Reform in France, 1914-1947 (Cambridge, 2002)
21. Timothy B. Smith, France in Crisis: The Welfare State, Inequality and Globalization since 1980 (Cambridge, 2004).
22. Kees van Kersbergen, Social Capitalism: A Study of Christian Democracy and the Welfare State (London, 1995).
23. Examples of the latter: Abram de Swaan, In Care of the State: Health Care, Education, and Welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era (New York, 1988)
24. François Ewald, L'état providence (Paris, 1986)
25. James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven, 1998).
26. Garry Wills, A Necessary Evil: A History of American Distrust of Government (New York, 1999)
27. David DeLeon, The American as Anarchist: Reflections on Indigenous Radicalism (Baltimore, 1978).
28. José Harris, “Society and the State in Twentieth-Century Britain,” in F. M. L. Thompson, The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750-1950, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1990), 68.
29. G⊘sta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Oxford, 1990).
30. One of the few: Madeleine Hurd, Public Spheres, Public Mores, and Democracy: Hamburg and Stockholm, 1870-1914 (Ann Arbor, 2000).
31. Norbert Götz, Ungleiche Geschwister: Die Konstruktionen von nationalsozialistischer Volksgemeinschaft und schwedischem Volksheim (Baden-Baden, 2001)
32. Gunnar Broberg and Mattias Tydén, Oönskade i folkhemmet: Rashygien och sterilisering i Sverige (Stockholm, 1991)
33. Maija Runcis, Steriliseringar i folkhemmet (Stockholm, 1998)
34. Maciej Zaremba, De rena och de andra: Om tvångssteriliseringar, rashygien och arvsynd (n.p. 1999)
35. Gunnar Broberg and Nils Roll-Hansen, eds. Eugenics and the Welfare State (East Lansing, 1996)
36. Patrick Zylberman, “Les damnés de la démocratie puritaine: Stérilisations en Scandinavie, 1929- 1977,” Le Mouvement Social 187 (1999): 99-125.
37. Thomas Ertman, Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 1997).
38. John Brewer and Eckhart Hellmuth, “Introduction: Rethinking Leviathan,” in John Brewer and Eckhart Hellmuth, eds. Rethinking Leviathan: The Eighteenth-Century State in Britain and Germany (Oxford, 1999)
39. C. B. A. Behrens, Society, Government, and the Enlightenment: The Experiences of Eighteenth-Century France and Prussia (New York, 1985).
40. Peter Baldwin, “Preemption vs. Reaction: Civil Society and the State in the Victorian World,” in Peter Mandler, ed. Liberty and Authority in Victorian England (Oxford, forthcoming).
41. Pat Thane, “Government and Society in England and Wales, 1750-1914,” in Thompson, Cambridge Social History of Britain, 3:3-4;
42. Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1988), 97-109 and passim.
43. The standard, and magisterial, work on British taxation is now Martin Daunton, Trusting Leviathan: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799-1914 (Cambridge, 2001), and
44. Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914-1979 (Cambridge, 2002).
45. Michael J. Braddick, The Nerves of State: Taxation and the Financing of the English State, 1558-1714 (Manchester, 1996), 193-94.
46. See also David Stasavage, Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State: France and Great Britain, 1688-1789 (Cambridge, 2003).
47. John M. Hobson, The Wealth of States: A Comparative Sociology of International Economic and Political Change (Cambridge, 1997), 10-15.
48. Thomas, ed. Verhandlungen der Cholera-Konferenz in Weimar am 28. und 29. April 1867 (Munich, 1867), 72–77.
49. Peter Baldwin, Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830-1930 (Cambridge, 1999), chap. 3. In the early modern period, too, it has been observed, federalized systems, where local authorities could deal rapidly with an epidemic threat, often responded more effectively than centralized regimes, with localities awaiting orders from distant centers.
50. Martin Dinges, “Pest und Staat: Von der Institutionengeschichte zur sozialen Konstruktion,” in Martin Dinges and Thomas Schlich, eds. Neue Wege in der Seuchengeschichte (Stuttgart, 1995), 83.
51. William J. Novak, The People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill, 1996)
52. William R. Brock, Investigation and Responsibility: Public Responsibility in the United States, 1865-1900 (Cambridge, 1984)
53. Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, Mass. 1998), 80-81.
54. Colleen A. Dunlavy, Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia (Princeton, 1994), 45-97, 98-144;
55. Timothy Dowd and Frank Dobbin, “Origins of the Myth of Neo-Liberalism: Regulation in the First Century of U.S. Railroading,” in Lars Magnusson and Jan Ottosson, eds. The State, Regulation, and the Economy: An Historical Perspective (Cheltenham, 2001).
56. Howard M. Leichter, Free to Be Foolish: Politics and Health Promotion in the United States and Great Britain (Princeton, 1991), 27.
57. Lennart J. Lundqvist, The Hare and the Tortoise: Clean Air Policies in the United States and Sweden (Ann Arbor, 1980).
58. Brian Doyle, Disability, Discrimination, and Equal Opportunities: A Comparative Study of the Employment Rights of Disabled Persons (London, 1995), 43-46, 68-69.
59. Jeremy Richardson, ed. Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, 1982)
60. Laura Cram and Jeremy Richardson, eds. Policy Styles in the European Union (London, 1998)
61. David Vogel, National Styles of Regulation: Environmental Policy in Great Britain and the United States (Ithaca, 1986).
62. R. Thorne Thorne, “On Sea-Borne Cholera: British Measures of Prevention v. European Measures of Restriction,” British Medical Journal 2 (13 August 1887): 339-40;
63. Edwin Chadwick, “Preventive Administration, as Compared with Curative Administration, as Practised in Germany,” Sanitary Journal, n.s. 169 (18 March 1890).
64. Peter W. Huber, Liability: The Legal Revolution and Its Consequences (New York, 1988).
65. David A. Moss, When All Else Fails: Government as the Ultimate Risk Manager (Cambridge, Mass. 2002), 17, 319–20.
66. William O. Douglas, “Vicarious Liability and Administration of Risk,” Yale Law Journal 38 (1929): 587-88.
67. Peter Baldwin, “The Return of the Coercive State? Behavioral Control in Multicultural Society,” in John A. Hall et al. eds. The Nation-State Under Challenge: Autonomy and Capacity in a Changing World (Princeton, 2003).
68. Stephen Davies, The Historical Origins of Health Fascism (London, 1991).
69. Teresa Kulawik, “The Nordic Model of the Welfare State and the Trouble with a Critical Perspective,” Netværk for Nordisk Velfærdsstatshistorie, Nyhedsbrev 21 (December 2002): 4.
70. These are themes explored in Peter Baldwin, Disease and Democracy: The Industrialized World Faces AIDS (Berkeley and New York, 2005), chaps. 1, 11.
71. Philip R. Lee and Peter S. Arno, “AIDS and Health Policy,” in John Griggs, ed. AIDS: Public Policy Dimensions (New York, 1987), 10;
72. William Winkenwerder et al. “Federal Spending for Illness Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus,” New England Journal of Medicine 320, no. 24 (1989): 1599, 1603.
73. John Street, “British Government Policy on AIDS: Learning Not to Die of Ignorance,” Parliamentary Affairs 41 (October 1988): 495;
74. House of Commons, 1986-87, Social Services Committee, Problems Associated with AIDS (13 May 1987), vol. 2, p. 153;
75. Barbara A. Misztal, “AIDS in Australia: Diffusion of Power and Making of Policy,” in Barbara A. Misztal and David Moss, eds. Action on AIDS: National Policies in Comparative Perspective (New York, 1990), 190.
76. Hansard, 13 January 1989, vol. 144, col. 1147;
77. Riksdagens Protokoll, Bihang, 1985-1986
78. Socialutskottets betänkande 1985-1986:15, p. 10.
79. Jonathan M. Mann and Daniel J. M. Tarantola, eds. AIDS in the World II (New York, 1996), 203;
80. Michael Balter, “Europe: AIDS Research on a Budget,” Science 280 (19 June 1998): 1856.
81. Christophe Martet, Les combattants du sida (Paris, 1993), 223.
82. Michael Bess, The Light-Green Society: Ecology and Technological Modernity in France, 1960-2000 (Chicago, 2003), emphasizes the favor in which technological solutions are held by French political culture.
83. Stephen P. Strickland, Politics, Science, and Dread Disease: A Short History of United States Research Policy (Cambridge, Mass. 1972), 213;
84. Victoria A. Harden, Inventing the NIH: Federal Biomedical Research Policy, 1887-1937 (Baltimore, 1986), 25.
85. David Kirp, “The Politics of Blood: Hemophilia Activism in the AIDS Crisis,” in Eric A. Feldman and Ronald Bayer, eds. Blood Feuds: AIDS, Blood, and the Politics of Medical Disaster (New York, 1999), 312.
86. Stanley Fish, The Trouble with Principle (Cambridge, Mass. 1999), chap. 4;
87. John A. Hall and Charles Lindholm, Is America Breaking Apart? (Princeton, 1999).
88. Matti Hayry and Heta Hayry, “AIDS and a Small North European Country: A Study in Applied Ethics,” International Journal of Applied Philosophy 3, no. 3 (1987): 59.
89. Elizabeth Fee, “Public Health and the State: The United States,” in Dorothy Porter, ed. The History of Public Health and the Modern State (Amsterdam, 1994), 260;
90. Alfred Yankauer, “Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Neglected Public Health Priority,” American Journal of Public Health 84, no. 12 (1994): 1896.
91. Arnold J. Heidenheimer, “Education and Social Security Entitlements in Europe and America,” in Peter Flora and Arnold J. Heidenheimer, eds. The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America (New Brunswick, N.J. 1981), 269-304.
92. Marc Allen Eisner, Antitrust and the Triumph of Economics (Chapel Hill, 1991).
93. Ulrich Amelung, Der Schutz der Privatheit im Zivilrecht: Schadensersatz und Gewinnabschöpfung bei Verletzung des Rechts auf Selbstbestimmung über personenbezogene Informationen im deutschen, englischen und US-amerikanischen Recht (Tübingen, 2002), 47;
94. Blanca R. Ruiz, Privacy in Telecommunications: A European and an American Approach (The Hague, 1997), 19, 54;
95. John D. R. Craig, Privacy and Employment Law (Oxford, 1999), chap. 4.
96. David Vincent, The Culture of Secrecy: Britain, 1832-1998 (Oxford, 1998).
97. Sven Steinmo, Taxation and Democracy: Swedish, British, and American Approaches to Financing the Modern State (New Haven, 1993), 8-9, 38.
98. Baldwin, Contagion and the State, 530–36.
99. Colin Jones and Roy Porter, eds. Reassessing Foucault: Power, Medicine, and the Body (London, 1994)
100. Graham Burchell et al. eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago, 1991)
101. Johan Goudsblom, “Zivilisation, Ansteckungsangst und Hygiene: Betrachtungen über ein Aspekt des europäischen Zivilisationsprozesses,” in Peter Gleichmann et al. eds. Materialen zu Norbert Elias' Zivilisationstheorie (Frankfurt, 1977)
102. Nikolas Rose, Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self, 2d ed. (London, 1999).
103. Amitai Etzioni, The Third Way to a Good Society (London, 2000)
104. Idem, The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes (New York, 1968)
105. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York, 2000).
106. Edward Banfield can perhaps be considered a forerunner of such ideas, though with the advantage of not being hampered by the current communitarians' penchant for gemeinschaftlich nostalgia: Edward C. Banfield, The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (New York, 1967).
107. Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, vol. 2, (Cambridge, 1993), 58-63.
108. Hobson, Wealth of States;
109. Levi, Of Rule and Revenue, 124.
110. Hans Peter Duerr, Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess, 4 vols (Frankfurt, 1988)
111. Michael Hinz, Der Zivilisationsprozess: Mythos oder Realität? Wissenschaftssoziologische Untersuchungen zur Elias-Duerr Kontroverse (Opladen, 2002).
112. Baldwin, “Return of the Coercive State?”
113. “Welfare State and Citizenship in the Age of Globalization.”
114. Peter N. Stearns, Battleground of Desire: The Struggle for Self-Control in Modern America (New York, 1999).
115. Mariana Valverde, Diseases of the Will: Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom (Cambridge, 1998), 144-47;
116. Jon Elster, Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior (Cambridge, Mass. 1999), 119-22.
117. Deborah Nelson, Pursuing Privacy in Cold War America (New York, 2002)
118. Charles L. Ponce de Leon, Self-Exposure: Human-Interest Journalism and the Emergence of Celebrity in America, 1890-1940 (Chapel Hill, 2002).
119. Baldwin, Disease and Democracy, chap. 10.
120. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995), chaps. 4, 5;
121. Nancy Tomes, The Gospel of Germs: Men, Women, and the Microbe in American Life (Cambridge, Mass. 1998).
122. William B. McAllister, Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History (London, 2000).
123. Aquilino Morelle, La défaite de la santé publique (Paris, 1996), 145-53.
124. Alain Ehrenberg, “Comment vivre avec les drogues?” in Alain Ehrenberg, ed. Vivre avec les drogues: Régulations, politiques, marchés, usages (Paris, 1996), 6-15.
125. Kenneth F. Kiple, ed. The Cambridge World History of Human Disease (Cambridge, 1993), 205;
126. Jacob Rüdiger, Krankheitsbilder und Deutungsmuster: Wissen über Krankheit und dessen Bedeutung für die Praxis (Opladen, 1995), 37-38;
127. Nora Kizer Bell, “Ethical Issues in AIDS Education,” in Frederick G. Reamer, ed. AIDS and Ethics (New York, 1991), 137;
128. Arnold J. Rosoff, “The AIDS Crisis: Constitutional Turning Point?” Law, Medicine, and Health Care 15, nos. 1-2 (Summer 1987): 81.
129. Nikolas Rose, “Governing 'Advanced' Liberal Democracies,” in Andrew Barry et al. eds. Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, and Rationalities of Government (Chicago, 1996), 58.