메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 12-29

Theory of the intrinsic linewidth of quantum-cascade lasers: Hidden reason for the narrow linewidth and line-broadening by thermal photons

Author keywords

Linewidth; Nonradiative relaxation; Quantum cascade (QC) laser; Thermal photon

Indexed keywords

DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK LASERS; LINEWIDTH; PHOTONS; ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA;

EID: 37149013575     PISSN: 00189197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2007.907563     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (118)

References (42)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 11744308449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution (Doppler-limited) spectroscopy using quantum-cascade distributed-feedback lasers
    • Sep
    • S. W. Sharpe, J. F. Kelly, J. S. Hartman, C. Gmachl, F. Capsso, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, and A. Y. Cho, "High-resolution (Doppler-limited) spectroscopy using quantum-cascade distributed-feedback lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 1396-1398, Sep. 1998.
    • (1998) Opt. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 1396-1398
    • Sharpe, S.W.1    Kelly, J.F.2    Hartman, J.S.3    Gmachl, C.4    Capsso, F.5    Sivco, D.L.6    Baillargeon, J.N.7    Cho, A.Y.8
  • 8
    • 0037109497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-infrared external-cavity quantum-cascade laser
    • Oct
    • G. Totschnig, F. Winter, V. Pustogov, J. Faist, and A. Muller, "Mid-infrared external-cavity quantum-cascade laser," Opt. Lett. vol. 27, pp. 1788-1790, Oct. 2002.
    • (2002) Opt. Lett , vol.27 , pp. 1788-1790
    • Totschnig, G.1    Winter, F.2    Pustogov, V.3    Faist, J.4    Muller, A.5
  • 14
    • 23144450084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and phase-lock control of a 3 THz quantum cascade laser
    • Jul
    • A. L. Betz, R. T. Boreiko, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Leno, "Frequency and phase-lock control of a 3 THz quantum cascade laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 1837-1839, Jul. 2005.
    • (2005) Opt. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 1837-1839
    • Betz, A.L.1    Boreiko, R.T.2    Williams, B.S.3    Kumar, S.4    Hu, Q.5    Leno, J.L.6
  • 15
    • 27744440081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous-wave operation of a broadly tunable thermoelectrically cooled external cavity quantum cascade-laser
    • Oct
    • R. Maulini, D. A. Yarekha, J.-M. Bulliard, M. Giovannini, and J. Faist, "Continuous-wave operation of a broadly tunable thermoelectrically cooled external cavity quantum cascade-laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 2584-2586, Oct. 2005.
    • (2005) Opt. Lett , vol.30 , pp. 2584-2586
    • Maulini, R.1    Yarekha, D.A.2    Bulliard, J.-M.3    Giovannini, M.4    Faist, J.5
  • 19
    • 10244263335 scopus 로고
    • Electric field dependence of intrasubband polar- optical-phonon scattering in a quantum well
    • Feb
    • D. Ahn and S. L. Chuang, "Electric field dependence of intrasubband polar- optical-phonon scattering in a quantum well," Phys. Rev. B vol. 37, pp. 2529-2535, Feb. 1988.
    • (1988) Phys. Rev. B , vol.37 , pp. 2529-2535
    • Ahn, D.1    Chuang, S.L.2
  • 20
    • 0001559869 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of some scattering times for electrons in unbiased and biased single- and multiple-quantum-well structures
    • Jul
    • R. Ferreira and G. Bastard, "Evaluation of some scattering times for electrons in unbiased and biased single- and multiple-quantum-well structures," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 40, pp. 1074-1086, Jul. 1989.
    • (1989) Phys. Rev. B , vol.40 , pp. 1074-1086
    • Ferreira, R.1    Bastard, G.2
  • 21
    • 10244244925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and experimental study of optical gain and linewidth enhancement factor of type-I quantum cascade lasers
    • Dec
    • J. Kim, M. Lerttamrab, S. L. Chuang, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, F. Capasso, and A. L. Cho, "Theoretical and experimental study of optical gain and linewidth enhancement factor of type-I quantum cascade lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 1663-1674, Dec. 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE J. Quantum Electron , vol.40 , Issue.12 , pp. 1663-1674
    • Kim, J.1    Lerttamrab, M.2    Chuang, S.L.3    Gmachl, C.4    Sivco, D.L.5    Capasso, F.6    Cho, A.L.7
  • 22
    • 0026254937 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of semiconductor microcavity lasers using rate equations
    • Nov
    • G. Bjork and Y. Yamamoto, "Analysis of semiconductor microcavity lasers using rate equations," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 2386-2396, Nov. 1991.
    • (1991) IEEE J. Quantum Electron , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 2386-2396
    • Bjork, G.1    Yamamoto, Y.2
  • 24
    • 0032025698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous-wave and high-power pulsed operation of index-coupled distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at λ ∼ 8.5 μm
    • Mar
    • C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, J. Faist, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Tredicucci, D. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, S. N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, "Continuous-wave and high-power pulsed operation of index-coupled distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at λ ∼ 8.5 μm," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 72, pp. 1430-1432, Mar. 1998.
    • (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.72 , pp. 1430-1432
    • Gmachl, C.1    Capasso, F.2    Faist, J.3    Hutchinson, A.L.4    Tredicucci, A.5    Sivco, D.6    Baillargeon, J.N.7    Chu, S.N.G.8    Cho, A.Y.9
  • 26
    • 0032640172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terahertz bandwidth prediction for amplitude modulation response of unipolar intersubband semiconductor lasers
    • May
    • N. Mustafa, L. Pesquera, C. Y. Cheung, and K. A. Shore, "Terahertz bandwidth prediction for amplitude modulation response of unipolar intersubband semiconductor lasers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 527-529, May 1999.
    • (1999) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 527-529
    • Mustafa, N.1    Pesquera, L.2    Cheung, C.Y.3    Shore, K.A.4
  • 28
    • 33749489109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Room temperature, continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with widely spaced operation frequencies
    • Oct
    • A. Wittmann, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. Hvozdara, S. Blaser, D. Hofstetter, and E. Gini, "Room temperature, continuous wave operation of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with widely spaced operation frequencies," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, pp. 141116-1-141116-3, Oct. 2006.
    • (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.89
    • Wittmann, A.1    Giovannini, M.2    Faist, J.3    Hvozdara, L.4    Blaser, S.5    Hofstetter, D.6    Gini, E.7
  • 29
    • 33845934672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-power, continuous-wave operation of distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers at λ ∼ 7.8 μm
    • Dec
    • S. R. Darvish, W. Zhang, A. Evans, J. S. Yu, S. Slivken, and M. Razeghi, "High-power, continuous-wave operation of distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers at λ ∼ 7.8 μm," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, pp. 251119-1-251119-3, Dec. 2006.
    • (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.89
    • Darvish, S.R.1    Zhang, W.2    Evans, A.3    Yu, J.S.4    Slivken, S.5    Razeghi, M.6
  • 30
    • 42749102725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terahertz emission from quantum cascade lasers in the quantum Hall regime: Evidence for many body resonances and localization effects
    • Dec
    • G. Scalari, S. Blaser, J. Faist, H. Beere, E. Linfield, and D. Ritchie, "Terahertz emission from quantum cascade lasers in the quantum Hall regime: Evidence for many body resonances and localization effects," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, pp. 237403-1-237403-3, Dec. 2004.
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.93
    • Scalari, G.1    Blaser, S.2    Faist, J.3    Beere, H.4    Linfield, E.5    Ritchie, D.6
  • 31
    • 0032116555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering in terahertz quantum cascade lasers
    • P. Harrison and R. W. Kelsall, "The relative importance of electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering in terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Solid-State Electron., vol. 42, pp. 1449-1451, 1998.
    • (1998) Solid-State Electron , vol.42 , pp. 1449-1451
    • Harrison, P.1    Kelsall, R.W.2
  • 32
    • 0001544897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of the electron distribution functions in quantum cascade lasers
    • Jan
    • P. Harrison, "The nature of the electron distribution functions in quantum cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, pp. 2800-2802, Jan. 1999.
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.75 , pp. 2800-2802
    • Harrison, P.1
  • 33
    • 17944381347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of subband electronic temperatures and population inversion in THz quantum-cascade lasers
    • Apr
    • M. S. Vitiello, G. Scamarcio, V. Spagnolo, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, "Measurement of subband electronic temperatures and population inversion in THz quantum-cascade lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, pp. 111115-1-111115-3, Apr. 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.86
    • Vitiello, M.S.1    Scamarcio, G.2    Spagnolo, V.3    Williams, B.S.4    Kumar, S.5    Hu, Q.6    Reno, J.7
  • 35
    • 0020090793 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers
    • Feb
    • C. H. Henry, "Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-18, no. 2, pp. 259-264, Feb. 1982.
    • (1982) IEEE J. Quantum Electron , vol.QE-18 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-264
    • Henry, C.H.1
  • 36
    • 0020814638 scopus 로고
    • Theory of the phase noise and power spectrum of a single mode injection laser
    • Sep
    • C. H. Henry, "Theory of the phase noise and power spectrum of a single mode injection laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-19, no. 9, pp. 1391-1397, Sep. 1983.
    • (1983) IEEE J. Quantum Electron , vol.QE-19 , Issue.9 , pp. 1391-1397
    • Henry, C.H.1
  • 38
    • 0004110718 scopus 로고
    • Boston, MA: Artech House, and references cited therein
    • M. Ohtsu, Highly Coherent Semiconductor Lasers. Boston, MA: Artech House, 1992, pp. 40-60, and references cited therein.
    • (1992) Highly Coherent Semiconductor Lasers , pp. 40-60
    • Ohtsu, M.1
  • 39
    • 2142730573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous-wave operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers above liquid-nitrogen temperature
    • Apr
    • S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, S. Kohen, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, "Continuous-wave operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers above liquid-nitrogen temperature," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 84, pp. 2494-2496, Apr. 2004.
    • (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.84 , pp. 2494-2496
    • Kumar, S.1    Williams, B.S.2    Kohen, S.3    Hu, Q.4    Reno, J.L.5
  • 40
    • 28644451094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of coherence for electron transport in terahertz quantum cascade lasers
    • Nov
    • H. Callebaut and Q. Hu, "Importance of coherence for electron transport in terahertz quantum cascade lasers," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 98, pp. 104505-1-104505-11, Nov. 2005.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Phys , vol.98
    • Callebaut, H.1    Hu, Q.2
  • 41
    • 37149025622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. Yamamoto, S. Machida, K. Igeta, and G. Bjork, Controlled spontaneous emission in microcavity semiconductor lasers, in Coherence, Amplification, and Quantum Effects in Semiconductor Lasers Y. Yamamoto, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1991, pp. 561-615, (see Appendix 13.B.).
    • Y. Yamamoto, S. Machida, K. Igeta, and G. Bjork, "Controlled spontaneous emission in microcavity semiconductor lasers," in Coherence, Amplification, and Quantum Effects in Semiconductor Lasers Y. Yamamoto, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1991, pp. 561-615, (see Appendix 13.B.).
  • 42
    • 0035200459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progress in quantum cascade lasers and applications
    • London, U.K, IOP Publishing
    • C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, D. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho, "Recent progress in quantum cascade lasers and applications," in Reports on Progress in Physics. London, U.K.: IOP Publishing, 2001, vol. 64, pp. 1533-1601.
    • (2001) Reports on Progress in Physics , vol.64 , pp. 1533-1601
    • Gmachl, C.1    Capasso, F.2    Sivco, D.3    Cho, A.Y.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.