Organizational formations of organized crime in China: Perspectives from the state, markets, and networks

Journal of Contemporary China

Volumn 17, Issue 54, 2008, Pages 1-23

  Xia, Ming ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRIME; INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK; LAW ENFORCEMENT; NETWORK ANALYSIS; STATE ROLE;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST;

EID: 37049035345     PISSN: 10670564     EISSN: 14699400     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10670560701693039     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. An Chen, 'Secret societies and organized crime in contemporary China', Modern Asian Studies 39(1), (2005), pp. 53-72
2. J. H. Chung, H. Lai and M. Xia, 'Mounting challenges to governance in China: Surveying collective protestors, religious sects and criminal organizations', The China Journal 56, (July 2006), pp. 1-31
3. M. Xia, 'Assessing and explaining the resurgence of China's criminal underworld', Global Crime 7(2), (May 2006), pp. 151-175.
4. R. G. Broadhurst, ed., Crime and Its Control in the People's Republic of China (Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong Centre for Criminology, 2004), p. xv.
5. Li Houjian, Jiaomie Zhongyuan Heibang [Eradicating Criminal Gangs in the Central Plains] (Beijing: Jiancha Chubanshe, 2002), p. 241.
6. Interview, 29 March 2004.
7. Interview, 2 April 2004.
8. M. Weber, Economy and Society (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978), vol. 1, ch. I and vol. 2, Appendix 1.
9. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 48.
10. Ibid., p. 49.
11. O. E. Williamson and S. G. Winter, eds, The Nature of the Firm (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).
12. W. Ouchi, 'Markets, bureaucracies, and clans', in P. J. Buckley and J. Michie, eds, Firms, Organizations and Contracts (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 455.
13. O. E. Williamson, Organization Theory: From Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 231.
14. Ibid., p. 221.
15. N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles, eds, Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1992), p. 4
16. W. W. Powell and L. Smith-Doerr, 'Networks and economic life', in N. J. Smelser and R. Swedberg, eds, Handbook of Economic Sociology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), p. 368.
17. Ouchi, 'Markets, bureaucracies, and clans', p. 445.
18. See: R. S. Burt, Structural Hole: The Social Structure of Competition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992)
19. N. Lin, Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 71
20. C. Morselli, Contacts, Opportunities and Criminal Enterprise (Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2005).
21. T. Gold, D. Guthrie and D. Wank, Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture, and the Changing Nature of Guanxi (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
22. P. Williams, 'Organizing transnational crime: Networks, markets and hierarchies', Transnational Organized Crime 4(3 & 4), (Autumn/ Winter 1998), p. 72.
23. Yang Yujuan, Investigations of Organized Crime [Youzuzhi Fanzui Zhengcha] (Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Gong'an Daxue Chubanshe, 2003), pp. 177-178.
24. Nan Ying, Dahei Chu'e Shenpan Cankao [A Trial Reference Book for 'Striking against Organized Crime and Eradicating the Dark Forces' Campaign] (Beijing: Renmin Fayuan Chubanshe, 2003), p. 285.
25. J. L. McClellan, Crime without Punishment (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearcee, 1962), pp. 125-126.
26. Ibid., pp. 128-129, 132.
27. Guo Xuyin, Qingbang Mishi The Secret History of Green Gang (Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, 2002).
28. Rang Haiguang, Zhongguo Tufei Banditry in China (Chongqing: Chongqing Chubanshe, 2004), p. 145.
29. Guo, Qingbang Mishi, pp. 287-288.
30. Huang Jianyuan, The Green, the Red, and the Black: The Chinese Green/ Red Gang and Western Mafia Qing, Hong, Hei: Zhongguo Qinghongbang he xifang Heishoudang (Nanjing: Jiangsu Renmin Chubanshe, 1998), p. 197
31. B. Martin, The Shanghai Green Gang: Politics and Organized Crime, 1919-1937 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), pp. 18-27.
32. The oath is in M. Roberts' translation of Luo Guanzhong, Three Kingdoms (Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2003), vol. 1, pp. 13-15.
33. See: Wang Chunwu, Hongmen, Qingbang, Paoge Hong League, Green G ang and the Society of Brothers (Chengdu: Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe, 1993), p. 104.
34. The Police Department Document, Chinese Secret Societies in Singapore (The Malaysian-Singaporean Collection at the Library of the National University of Singapore, 1958).
35. Qin Baoqi, Qingmo Minchu Mimi Shehui de Tuibian [The Metamorphosis of Secret Societies during the Late Qing and Early Republican Era] (Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe, 2004).
36. Tan Songlin, ed., Zhongguo Mimi Shehui Secret Societies in Chin a (Fuzhou: Fujian Renmin, 2002), vol. 7, pp. 79-83.
37. The Investigation Bureau, the Ministry of Justice, Dalu, Tai Gang Heibang Diaocha Yanjiu Investigations and Research on the OC Gangs in the Mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (Taipei: Ministry of Justice, 1998), p. 386.
38. Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's 2020 Project, (December 2004), p. 96, available at: http://www.bookstore.gpo.gov
39. See: M. Xia, 'The criminal-political nexusAin China: an assessment', in Woodrow Wilson Center Asian Program Special Report no. 124, (September 2004), pp. 12-18.
40. Li Wenyan and Tian Hongjie, 'Dahei Chu'e' Xingshi Falu Shiyong Jieshuo Interpretations and Applications of Criminal Law Clauses f or 'Striking against OC and Eradicating Evil Forces' (Beijing: Qunzhong Chubanshe, 2001), p. 61.
41. Li, Jiaomie Zhongyuan Heibang.
42. Zhongguo Jingcha Xuehui Police Science Society of China, Dangd ai Zhongguo Nongmin zhong de Fanzui Yanjiu Lunwen Xuan Selected Papers on Crimes among the Peasants of Contemporary China (Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Gong'an Daxue Chubanshe, 1998), pp. 128-129.
43. Zeng Huafeng, Anfang Heibang Spying on Gangsters (Beijing: Guangming Ribao Chubanshe, 2002), pp. 334-339
44. Cai Shaoqing, Zhongguo Mimi Shehui Gaiguan A Survey of Secret S ocieties in China (Hangzhou: Zhejiang Renmin Chubanshe, 1998).
45. Lu Zhicheng, 'Xiamenshi liumang banghu huodong tanxi' 'An analysis of hooliganism and gang activities in Xiamen', in Wang Dazhong, ed., Yanhai Yanbian Jingji Kaifaqu XindeSshehui Wenti Yanjiu A Study of New Social Issues in New Development Zones in th e Coastal and Border Areas (Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Gong'an Daxue Chubanshe, 1997), pp. 386-387.
46. Cai, Zhongguo Mimi Shehui Gaiguan, p. 18.
47. Li Fuhai, Zhuijiao Heishehui Exterminating the Criminal Underwo rld (Guangzhou, Guangdong: Nangfang Ribao, 2004), p. 80.
48. Liang Rixian et al., Zhongguo Dalu Haiwai Huayi Heibang Miwen Secret Reports of Organized Criminal Groups in Mainland China and Overseas Chinese (Huhehot: Neimenggu Renmin Chubanshe, 1997), pp. 281-295.
49. Li, Jiaomie Zhongyuan Heibang, p. 150.
50. Liu, Zhuijiao Heishehui, pp. 55-94.
51. Ibid., p. 67.
52. Cai, Zhongguo Mimi Shehui Gaiguan, p. 8.
53. Huang Fucheng, 'Jingwai heishehui zuzhi shentou huodong de zhuyao fangshi ji ezhi duice' ['Main types of infiltration by overseas organi zed criminal groups and policy suggestions'], in Wang Dazhong, Yanhai Yanbian Jingji Kaifaqu XindeSshehui Wenti Yanjiu, pp. 331-343
54. Wang Zhiming et al., Dangqian Zhongguo Liudong Renkou Fanzui Yanjiu A Study of Crime of the Floating Population (Beijing: Z hongguo Renmin Gong'an Daxue Chubanshe, 2002), p. 276.
55. Da Yang, Zhongguo Jiaohei Da'an Key Cases of China's Campaign a gainst Organized Crime, volume on Hong Kong and volume on Macao (Lanzhou: Gansu Wenyi Chubanshe, 2002)
56. Zhou Lijun, Heise Fengbao The Black Storm (Beijing: Zuojia Chubanshe, 2002)
57. B. Lintner, Blood Brothers: Crime, Business and Politics (Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2002), pp. 70-135.
58. Zuomuniao Zazhishe Woodpecker Magazine, Guaitai Monster (Beijing: Qunzho ng Chubanshe, 2002), p. 131.
59. Ye Zhaoqing, Zhu Dayin and Geng Changjun, Laizi Zhongguo Shehui Diceng de Baogao A Report from the Lower Stratum of China (Wuh an: Changjiang Wenyi Chubanshe, 2004).
60. Xia, 'The criminal-political nexus in China'