Mechanism of compensation of aberrations in the human eye

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 3274-3283

  Tabernero, Juan ^a   Benito, Antonio ^a   Alcón, Encarna ^a   Artal, Pablo ^a  

^a LABORATORIO DE ÓPTICA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMAGE QUALITY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTICAL DESIGN; RAY TRACING; VISION;

ANGLE KAPPA; DECENTRATION; LENS TILT; REFRACTIVE ERROR;

ABERRATIONS;

ADAPTATION; ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CORNEA; FEMALE; HUMAN; LENS; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REFRACTION ERROR; VISION;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADULT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CORNEA; FEMALE; HUMANS; LENS, CRYSTALLINE; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 36949039397     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.24.003274     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. S. G. El Hage and F. Berny, "Contribution of the crystalline lens to the spherical aberration of the eye," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 205-211 (1973).
2. P. Artal and A. Guirao, "Contribution of cornea and lens to the aberrations of the human eye," Opt. Lett. 23, 1713-1715 (1998).
3. P. Artal, A. Guirao, E. Berrio, and D. R. Williams, "Compensation of corneal aberrations by the internal optics in the human eye," J. Vision 1, 1-8 (2001).
4. P. Artal, E. Berrio, A. Guirao, and P. Piers, "Contribution of the cornea and internal surfaces to the change of ocular aberrations with age," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 19, 137-143 (2002).
5. A. Glasser and M. C. W. Campbell, "Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age," Vision Res. 38, 209-229 (1998).
6. A. Guirao, M. Redondo, and P. Artal, "Optical aberrations of the human cornea as a function of age," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 1697-1702 (2000).
7. A. Guirao, M. Redondo, E. Geraghty, P. Piers, S. Norrby, and P. Artal, "Corneal optical aberrations and retinal image quality in patients in whom monofocal intraocular lenses were implanted," Arch. Ophthalmol. (Chicago) 120, 1143-1151 (2002).
8. J. T. Holladay, P. A. Piers, G. Koranyi, M. van der Mooren, and N. E. Norrby, "A new intraocular lens design to reduce spherical aberration of pseudophakic eyes," J. Refract. Surg. 18, 683-691 (2002).
9. U. Mester, P. Dillinger, and N. Anterist, "Impact of a modified optic design on visual function: clinical comparative study," J. Cataract Refractive Surg. 29, 652-660 (2003).
10. R. Bellucci, A. Scialdone, L. Buratto, S. Morselli, C. Chierego, A. Criscouli, G. Moretti, and P. Piers, "Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity comparison between Tecnis and AcrySof SA60AT intraocular lenses: A multicenter randomized study," J. Cataract Refractive Surg. 31, 712-717 (2005).
11. J. E. Kelly, T. Mihashi, and H. C. Howland, "Compensation of corneal horizontal/vertical astigmatism, lateral coma, and spherical aberration by internal optics of the eye," J. Vision 4, 262-271 (2004).
12. P. Artal, A. Benito, and J. Tabernero, "The human eye is an example of robust optical design," J. Vision 6, 1-7 (2006).
13. Y. Le Grand and S. G. El Hage, Physiological Optics (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 1980).
14. The same angle formed by the line of sight and the pupillary axis is referred to in the literature with two different names: for instance, kappa in [13] and lambda in [15] and others. The reason for this notation discrepancy can be found in the historical references and the intrinsic confusion with ocular angle definitions. In the clinical literature only kappa is commonly used, while lambda is still used by some basic researchers. According to Emsley [16], the first definition of angle kappa was given by Landolt as "the angle between the visual axis and the so-called central pupillary line (the pupillary axis)." This definition involved the visual axis, as the line connecting the fixation point with the object nodal point of the eye. This is not the same as the line of sight, connecting the center of the entrance pupil and the fixation point. Therefore this definition is not what was used by Le Grand and adopted here. Angle lambda was defined by Lancaster (cited in [13]) as the line connecting the pupillary axis and the line of sight. However, Le Grand and El Hage [13] redefined angle kappa exactly as the angle lambda defined by Lancaster. The reason to do this is that they understand the term "visual axis" in Landolt's original definition of kappa as the line of sight, since the nodal point in the eye is a purely paraxial theoretical concept that cannot be measured. Quoting Le Grand's book, p. 73: "It is not very logical to confuse geometric and fictitious ideas (optical and visual axis) and experimental ideas (pupillary axis and the principal line of sight)." Therefore, Le Grand maintained the old name of kappa but with the modern definition of lambda by Lancaster. Moreover, in practical terms, the two angles are nearly identical as stated by Le Grand [13]: "It seems unnecessary to distinguish this (angle lambda) from kappa which is practically equal to it when the point of fixation is not very dose to the eye." We used in the manuscript this meaning for angle kappa, but the reader should be aware of the other accepted name (lambda) for the same angle to avoid confusion. A standard definition of ocular angles is required to unify terms in both basic and clinical literature. In the case of this angle, keeping only the name kappa would be, in our opinion, the most adequate.
15. D. A. Atchison and G. Smith, Optics of the Human Eye (Butterworth-Heineman, 2000).
16. H. H. Emsley, Visual Optics (Hatton Press, 1948).
17. J. Tabernero, P. Piers, and P. Artal, "Intraocular lens to correct corneal coma," Opt. Lett. 32, 406-408 (2007).
18. D. L. Guyton, H. Uozato, and H. J. Wisnicki, "Rapid determination of intraocular lens tilt and decentration through the undilated pupil," Ophthalmologica 97, 1259-1264 (1990).
19. J. C. Barry, M. C. M. Dunne, and T. Kirschkamp, "Phakometric measurement of ocular surface radius of curvature and alignment: evaluation of method with physical model eyes," Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 21, 450-460 (2001).
20. P. Rosales and S. Marcos, "Phokometry and lens tilt and decentration using a custom-developed Purkinje imaging apparatus: validation and measurements," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 509-520 (2006).
21. J. Tabernero, A. Benito, V. Nourrit, and P. Artal, "Instrument for measuring the misalignments of ocular surfaces," Opt. Express 14, 10945-10956 (2006).
22. H. Howland, A. Glasser, and R. Applegate, "Polynomial approximations of corneal surfaces and corneal curvature topography," Tech. Dig. Ser. Opt. Soc. Am. 3, 34-37 (1992).
23. A. Guirao and P. Artal, "Corneal wave aberration from videokeratography: accuracy and limitations of the procedure," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 955-965 (2000).
24. J. C. Liang, B. Grimm, S. Goelz, and J. F. Bille, "Objective measurement of wave aberrations of the human eye with the use of a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 1949-1957 (1994).
25. P. M. Prieto, F. Vargas-Martin, S. Goelz, and P. Artal, "Analysis of the performance of the Hartmann-Shack sensor in the human eye," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 1388-1398 (2000).
26. J. Tabernero, P. Piers, A. Benito, M. Redondo, and P. Artal, "Predicting the optical performance of eyes implanted with IOLs correcting spherical aberration," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 47, 4651-4658 (2006).
27. H. L. Liou and N. A. Brennan, "Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modelling," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1684-1695 (1997).
28. V. N. Mahajan, Aberration Theory Made Simple (SPIE, 1991).
29. L. N. Hazra and C. A. Delisle, "Primary aberrations of a thin lens with different object and image space media," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 945-953 (1998).
30. V. N. Mahajan, Optical Imaging and Aberrations. Part I. Ray Geometrical Optics (SPIE, 1998).
31. D. A. Atchison, C. E. Jones, K. L. Schmid, N. Prichard, J. M. Pope, W. E. Strugnell, and R. A. Riley, "Eye shape in emmetropia and myopia," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 45, 3380-3386 (2004).