Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge-zoanthid symbioses: A foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 92, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 695-711

  Swain, Timothy D ^a   Wulff, Janie L ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Coral reefs; Demospongia; Epibiont; Macrocnemina; Mutualism; Parasitism; Photosynthetic endosymbionts; Similarity analysis; Symbiont intimacy; Symbiont size

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; CORAL REEF; ENDOSYMBIONT; EPIBIONT; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MUTUALISM; PARASITISM; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPONGE; TAXONOMY;

CARIBBEAN COAST [COLOMBIA]; COLOMBIA; SOUTH AMERICA;

ANTHOZOA; ZOANTHIDAE; ZOANTHIDEA;

EID: 36849054685     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00861.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abrahamson WG, Hunter MD, Melika G, Price PW. 2003. Cynipid gall-wasp communities correlate with oak chemistry. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29 : 209 223.
2. Abrahamson WG, Melika G, Scrafford R, Csóka G. 1998. Gall-inducing insects provide insights into plant systematic relationships. American Journal of Botany 85 : 1159 1165.
3. Adamson ML, Caira JN. 1994. Evolutionary factors influencing the nature of parasite specificity. Parasitology 109 : S85 S95.
4. Alvarez B, van Soest RWM, Rützler K. 1998. A revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the central West Atlantic region. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 598 : 1 47.
5. Ates RML. 2003. A preliminary review of zoanthid-hermit crab symbioses (Cnidaria; Zoantharia/Crustacea, Paguridea). Zoologische Verhandelingen 345 : 41 48.
6. Borchiellini C, Chombard C, Manuel M, Alivon E, Vacelet J, Boury-Esnault N. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Demospongiae: implications for classification and scenarios of character evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32 : 823 837.
7. Borowicz VA, Juliano SA. 1991. Specificity in host-fungus associations: do mutualists differ from antagonists? Evolutionary Ecology 5 : 385 392.
8. Boury-Esnault N. 2006. Systematics and evolution of Demospongiae. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84 : 205 224.
9. Campos M, Mothes B, Eckert R, van Soest RWM. 2005. Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa 963 : 1 22.
10. Crocker LA, Reiswig HM. 1981. Host specificity in sponge-encrusting zoanthidea (Anthozoa, Zoantharia) of Barbados, West-Indies. Marine Biology 65 : 231 236.
11. Desdevises Y, Morand S, Legendre P. 2002. Evolution and determinants of host specificity in the genus Lamellodiscus (Monogenea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77 : 431 443.
12. Desqueyroux-Faúndez R, Valentine C. 2002. Family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980. In : Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer/Plenum, 874 889.
13. Diaz MC, Pomponi SA, van Soest RWM. 1993. A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina 57 : 283 306.
14. Duerden JE. 1898. Jamaican Actiniaria. Part I. - Zoantheæ. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 6 : 329 384.
15. Erpenbeck D, Breeuwer JAJ, Parra-Velandia FJ, van Soest RWM. 2006. Speculation with spiculation? Three independent gene fragments and biochemical characters versus morphology in demosponge higher classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 : 293 305.
16. Erpenbeck D, Breeuwer JAJ, van Soest RWM. 2005a. Identification, characterization and phylogenetic signal of an elongation factor-1 alpha fragment in demosponges (Metazoa, Porifera, Demospongiae). Zoologica Scripta 34 : 437 445.
17. Erpenbeck D, Breeuwer JAJ, van Soest RWM. 2005b. Implications from a 28s rRNA gene fragment for the phylogenetic relationships of halichondrid sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research 43 : 93 99.
18. Floate KD, Whitham TG. 1995. Insect traits in plant systematics: their use in discriminating between hybrid cottonwoods. Canadian Journal of Botany 73 : 1 13.
19. Hill MS. 1998. Sponges harbor genetically identical populations of the zoanthid Parazoanthus parasiticus. Bulletin of Marine Science 63 : 513 521.
20. Hoeksema JD, Bruna EM. 2000. Pursuing the big questions about interspecific mutualism: a review of theoretical approaches. Oecologia 125 : 321 330.
21. Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. 2002a. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
22. Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. 2002b. Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928. In : Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM, eds. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer/Plenum, 831 832.
23. Law R. 1985. Evolution in a mutualistic environment. In : Boucher DH, ed. The biology of mutualism. London : Croom-Helm, 145 170.
24. Lehnert H, van Soest RWM. 1996. North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 46 : 53 81.
25. Lewis SM. 1982. Sponge-zoanthid associations: functional interactions. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences 12 : 465 474.
26. McCormack GP, Erpenbeck D, van Soest RWM. 2002. Major discrepancy between phylogenetics hypotheses based on molecular and morphological criteria within the Order Haplosclerida (Phylum Porifera: Class Demospongiae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research 40 : 237 240.
27. Muricy G, Díaz MC. 2002. Order Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905, Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880. In : Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer/Plenum, 71 82.
28. Nichols SA. 2005. An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 : 81 96.
29. Pang RK. 1973. The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla 161 : 1 75.
30. Pawlik JR, Chanas B, Toonen RJ, Fenical W. 1995. Defences of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Marine Ecology Progress Series 127 : 183 194.
31. Pax F, Müller I. 1962. Die Anthozoenfauna der Adria. Fauna et Flora Adriatica 3 : 1 343.
32. Pulitzer-Finali G. 1986. A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Giacoma Doria 86 : 65 216.
33. Rützler K. 1978. Sponges in coral reefs. In : Stoddart DR, Johannes RE, eds. Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 5. Coral reefs: research methods. Paris : UNESCO, 299 313.
34. Rützler K, van Soest RWM, Alvarez B. 2003. Svenzea zeai, a Caribbean reef sponge with giant larva, and Scopalina ruetzleri: a comparative fine-structural approach to classification (Demospongiae, Halichondria, Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Biology 122 : 203 222.
35. Ryland JS, Muirhead A. 1993. Order Zoanthidea (Class Anthozoa, Zoantharia). In : Marther P, Bennett I, eds. A coral reef handbook, 3rd edn. Sydney : Surrey Beatty & Son Pty Ltd, 52 58.
36. Saffo MB. 1990. Symbiosis within a symbiosis: intracellular bacteria within the endosymbiotic protist Nephromyces. Marine Biology 107 : 291 296.
37. Sinniger F, Montoya-Burgos JI, Chevaldonné P, Pawlowski J. 2005. Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosome genes. Marine Biology 147 : 1121 1128.
38. Smith DC. 1992. The symbiotic condition. Symbiosis 14 : 3 15.
39. Smith DC, Douglas AE. 1987. The biology of symbiosis. London : Edward Arnold.
40. van Soest RWM. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands 62 : 1 174.
41. van Soest RWM. 1994. Demosponge distribution patterns. In : van Soest RWM, van Kempen TMG, Braekman JC, eds. Sponges in space and time. Rotterdam : Balkema, 213 223.
42. van Soest RWM, de Weerdt WH. 2001. New Records of Xestospongia species (Haplosclerida: Petrosiidae) from Curaçao reefs, with a description of a new species. Beaufortia 51 : 109 117.
43. van Soest RWM, Hooper JNA. 2002a. Order Agelasida Hartman, 1980. In : Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer/Plenum, 817 818.
44. van Soest RWM, Hooper JNA. 2002b. Order Halichondrida Gray, 1867. In : Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York, NY : Kluwer/Plenum, 721 723.
45. Swofford DL. 2002. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods), Version 4.0b10. Sunderland, MA : Sinauer.
46. Vicente VP. 1990. Response of sponges with autotrophic endosymbionts during the coral-bleaching episode in Puerto-Rico. Coral Reefs 8 : 199 202.
47. West DA. 1976. Aposematic coloration and mutualism in sponge-dwelling tropical zoanthids. In : Mackie GO, ed. Coelenterate ecology and behavior. New York, NY : Plenum Press, 443 452.
48. West DA. 1979. Symbiotic zoanthids (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) of Puerto-Rico. Bulletin of Marine Science 29 : 253 271.
49. Wiedenmayer F. 1977. Shallow-water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum 28 : 1 287, pls 1-43.
50. Willenz Ph, Hartman WD. 1994. Skeletal reaction of the Caribbean coralline sponge Calcifibrospongia actinostromarioides Hartman toward an epizoic zoanthidean. In : van Soest RWM, van Kempen TMG, Braekman JC, eds. Sponges in space and time. Rotterdam : Balkema, 279 288.
51. Williams JD, McDermott JJ. 2004. Hermit crab biocoenoses: a worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 305 : 1 128.
52. Wulff JL. 1995. Sponge-feeding by the Caribbean starfish Oreaster reticulatus. Marine Biology 123 : 313 325.
53. Wulff JL. 2006. Ecological interactions of marine sponges. Canadian Journal of Zoology, Special Series 84 : 146 166.
54. Zea S. 1987. Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Bogotá : Catálogo Científico, 1 286.
55. Zea S, Weil E. 2003. Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea - C. aprica - C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribbean Journal of Science 39 : 348 370.