Oral antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: An assessment from the payer's perspective

PharmacoEconomics

Volumn 25, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 1063-1082

  Heeg, Bart ^a,c   Damen, Joep ^a   Van Hout, Ben ^b  

^a PHARMERIT INTERNATIONAL   (Netherlands)

^b PHARMERIT INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^c NONE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Antiplatelets, therapeutic use; Aspirin, therapeutic use; Cardiovascular disorders, treatment; Clopidogrel, therapeutic use; Cost effectiveness; Cost utility; Dipyridamole, therapeutic use

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; PLACEBO; TICLOPIDINE;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; HEALTH CARE COST; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK REDUCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; TREATMENT DURATION;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; MODELS, ECONOMIC; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS;

EID: 36749086990     PISSN: 11707690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200725120-00007     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clopidogrel and modified release dipyridamole in the prevention of occlusive vascular events [online]. Available from URL: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/ta90/guidance/pdf/ english [Accessed 2005 Jan 5]
2. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clopidogrel in the treatment of non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome [online]. Available from URL: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/ta80/guidance/pdf/english [Accessed 2007 Jan 7]
3. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Guidance on the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes [online]. Available from URL http://guidance.nice.org.uk/ta47/ guidance/pdf/english [Accessed 2002 Jan 9]
4. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86
5. Sanmuganathan PS, Ghahramani P, Jackson PR, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: safety and absolute benefit related to coronary risk derived from meta-analysis of randomised trials. Heart 2001 Mar; 85 (3): 265-71
6. Hayden M, Pignone M, Phillips C, et al. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002 Jan 15; 136 (2): 161-72
7. Hankey GJ, Sudlow CL, Dunbabin DW. Thienopyridines or aspirin to prevent stroke and other serious vascular events in patients at high risk of vascular disease? A systematic review of the evidence from randomized trials. Stroke 2000 Jul; 31 (7): 1779-84
8. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-39
9. The Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events trial investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without st-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502
10. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001 Aug 18; 358 (9281): 527-33
11. Steinhubl S, Berger P, Mann III J, et al. Early sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2002; 288: 2411-20
12. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al. A global view of atherothrombosis: baseline characteristics in the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Am Heart J 2005 Sep; 150 (3): 401
13. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2005 Mar 24; 352 (12): 1179-89
14. Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005 Nov 5; 366 (9497): 1607-21
15. Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, et al. European Stroke Prevention Study: 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 1996 Nov; 143 (1-2): 1-13
16. Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, et al. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006 May 20; 367 (9523): 1665-73
17. Doggrell SA. CLARITY about the use of clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005 Aug; 6 (10): 1761-4
18. Ho WK, Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. Prevention of coronary heart disease with aspirin and clopidogrel: efficacy, safety, costs and cost-effectiveness. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004 Mar; 5 (3): 493-503
19. Beard SM, Gaffney L, Bamber L, et al. Economic modelling of antiplatelet therapy in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Med Econ 2004; 7: 117-34
20. Chambers M, Hutton J, Gladman J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of recurrent stroke in the UK: aspirin, dipyridamole and aspirin-dipyridamole. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 16 (5 pt 2): 577-93
21. Shah H, Gondek K. Aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole or clopidogrel compared with aspirin monotherapy for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Clin Ther 2000 Mar; 22 (3): 362-70
22. Sarasin FP, Gaspoz JM, Bounameaux H. Cost-effectiveness of new antiplatelet regimens used as secondary prevention of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Arch Intern Med 2000 Oct 9; 160 (18): 2773-8
23. Lindgren P, Jonsson B, Yusuf S. Cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in Sweden: a long-term model based on the CURE trial. J Intern Med 2004 May; 255 (5): 562-70
24. Schleinitz MD, Weiss JP, Owens DK. Clopidogrel versus aspirin for secondary prophylaxis of vascular events: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Med 2004 Jun 15; 116 (12): 797-806
25. Main C, Palmer S, Griffin S, et al. Clopidogrel used in combination with aspirin compared with aspirin alone in the treatment of non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2004 Oct; 8 (40): iii-xvi, 1
26. Cowper PA, Udayakumar K, Sketch JR MH, et al. Economic effects of prolonged clopidogrel therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 Feb 1; 45 (3): 369-76
27. Lindgren P, Stenestrand U, Malmberg K, et al. The long-term cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Sweden. Clin Ther 2005 Jan; 27 (1): 100-10
28. Weintraub WS, Mahoney EM, Lamy A, et al. Long-term cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel given for up to one year in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 Mar 15; 45 (6): 838-45
29. Karnon J, Brennan A, Pandor A, et al. Modelling the long term cost effectiveness of clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of occlusive vascular events in the UK. Curr Med Res Opin 2005 Jan; 21 (1): 101-12
30. Karnon J, Bakhai A, Brennan A, et al. A cost-utility analysis of clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes in the UK. Int J Cardiol 2006 May 24; 109 (3): 307-16
31. Matchar DB, Samsa GP, Liu S. Cost-effectiveness of anti-platelet agents in secondary stroke prevention: the limits of certainty. Value Health 2005 Sep; 8 (5): 572-80
32. Ringborg A, Lindgren P, Jonsson B. The cost-effectiveness of dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a Swedish analysis of the CREDO trial. Eur J Health Econ 2005 Dec; 6 (4): 354-62
33. Mahoney EM, Mehta S, Yuan Y, et al. Long-term cost-effectiveness of early and sustained clopidogrel therapy for up to 1 year in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after presenting with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. Am Heart J 2006 Jan; 151 (1): 219-27
34. Lamotte M, Annemans L, Evers T, et al. A multi-country economic evaluation of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacoeconomics 2006; 24 (2): 155-69
35. Pignone M, Earnshaw S, Tice JA, et al. Aspirin, statins, or both drugs for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease events in men: a cost-utility analysis. Ann Intern Med 2006 Mar 7; 144 (5): 326-36
36. Lamy A, Jonsson B, Weintraub WS, et al. The cost-effectiveness of the use of clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in five countries based upon the CURE study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2004 Dec; 11 (6): 460-5
37. Schleinitz MD, Heidenreich PA. A cost-effectiveness analysis of combination antiplatelet therapy for high-risk acute coronary syndromes: clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone. Ann Intern Med 2005 Feb 15; 142 (4): 251-9
38. Durand-Zaleski I, Bertrand M. The value of clopidogrel versus aspirin in reducing atherothrombotic events: the CAPRIE study. Pharmacoeconomics 2004; 22 Suppl. 4: 19-27
39. Beinart SC, Kolm P, Veledar E, et al. Long-term cost effectiveness of early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel given for up to one year after percutaneous coronary intervention results: from the Clopidogrel for the Reduction of Events During Observation (CREDO) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 Sep 6; 46 (5): 761-9
40. Eidelman RS, Hebert PR, Weisman SM, et al. An update on aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2003 Sep 22; 163 (17): 2006-10
41. ICATT. Koersconverter [online]. Available from URL: www.koersconverter.nl [Accessed 2006 Nov]
42. Heeg BMS, van Gestel A, van Hout BA, et al. Costs and effects of clopidogrel versus aspirin in high-risk acute coronary syndrome patients in Denmark [in Danish]. Ugeskrift for Læger 2006; 168: 2911-5
43. Heeg B, Peters R, Botteman M, et al. Long-term clopidogrel therapy in PCI patients. Pharmacoeconomics 2007; 25 (9): 769-82
44. van Luijn JCF. Pharmacoeconomic report clopidogrel (Plavix). Amstelveen: Dutch Healthcare Insurance board (CVZ), 2004
45. The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO). Multi disciplinary guideline cardiovascular risk management. Utrecht: The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO), 2006
46. The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO). Treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease by lowering plasma cholesterol levels. Utrecht: The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO), 1998
47. Task Force Revised Guidelines Hypertension. Revised guidelines hypertension [in Dutch]. Utrecht: The Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO), 2000
48. Zeymer U, Gitt AK, Junger C, et al. Effect of clopidogrel on 1-year mortality in hospital survivors of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2006 Nov; 27 (22): 2661-6
49. Taneja AK, Collinson J, Flather MD, et al. Mortality following non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: 4 years follow-up of the PRAIS UK Registry (Prospective Registry of Acute Ischaemic Syndromes in the UK). Eur Heart J 2004 Nov; 25 (22): 2013-8
50. Armstrong PW, Fu Y, Chang WC, et al. Acute coronary syndromes in the GUSTO-IIb trial: prognostic insights and impact of recurrent ischemia. The GUSTO-IIb Investigators. Circulation 1998 Nov 3; 98 (18): 1860-8
51. Kleinbaum D, Klein M. Parametric survival models: survival analyses. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2005
52. Hollander D, Koudstraal P, Bots M, et al. Incidence, risk, and case fatality of first ever stroke in the elderly population: the Rotterdam study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 317-21
53. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson P, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1991; 121: 293-8
54. Koek HL, de BA, Gast F, et al. Short- and long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction in men versus women. Am J Cardiol 2006 Oct 15; 98 (8): 993-9
55. WHO. Life table for WHO member states (UK) [online]. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/nha/country/gbr/en/ [Accessed 2007 Mar]
56. Caro J, Migliaccio-Walle K, for the CAPRA Study Group. Generalizing the results of clinical trials to actual practice: the example of clopidogrel therapy for the prevention of vascular events. Am J Med 1999; 107: 568-72
57. Clarke P, Gray A, Legood R, et al. The impact of diabetes-related complications on healthcare costs: results from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS study no. 65). Diabetic Med 2003; 20: 442-50
58. Palmer S, Sculpher M, Philips Z, et al. A cost-effectiveness model comparing alternative management strategies for the use of glycoprotein IIB/IIIA antagonists in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. NICE Appraisal report [online]. Available from URL: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=32030 [Accessed 2007 Mar]
59. Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2005-06. London: Department of Health, 2006 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/ publicationsandstatistics/publications/publicationspolicyandguidance/dh_062884 [Accessed 2006 Dec]
60. Robinson M, Palmer S, Sculpher M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for the initial medical management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and decision-analytical modelling. Health Technol Assess 2005 Jul; 9 (27): iii-xi, 1
61. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British national formulary. London: British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2006 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current [Accessed 2006 Nov]
62. Eichler HG, Kong SX, Gerth WC, et al. Use of cost-effectiveness analysis in health-care resource allocation decision-makable ing: how are cost effectiveness thresholds expected to emerge? Value Health 2004; 7: 518-28
63. Wiviott SD, de Lemos JA, Cannon CP, et al. A tale of two trials: a comparison of the post-acute coronary syndrome lipid-lowering trials A to Z and PROVE IT-TIMI 22. Circulation 2006 Mar 21; 113 (11): 1406-14
64. Liebson PR. CARDS and A to Z. Prev Cardiol 2005; 8 (1): 59-62
65. de Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, et al. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phase Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 2004 Sep 15; 292 (11): 1307-16
66. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002 Jul 6; 360 (9326): 7-22
67. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, et al. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003 Jun 14; 361 (9374): 2005-16
68. Eriksson P. Long-term clopidogrel therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in PCI-CURE and CREDO: the "Emperor's New Clothes" revisited. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 720-2