메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 933-942

Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system

Author keywords

aminobutyric acid; Anxiety; Botanicals; GABA transaminase; GABA T; GAD; Glutamate decarboxylase

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; BRAIN ENZYME; CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT; ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA EXTRACT; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; HUMULUS LUPULUS EXTRACT; HYPERRICUM PERFORATUM EXTRACT; MATRICARIA RECUTTIA EXTRACT; MELISSA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT; PASSIFLORA INCARNATA EXTRACT; PLANT EXTRACT; SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALERIAN;

EID: 36549072427     PISSN: 00084212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Y07-083     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (140)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 25844469583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the blood-brain barrier, and central nervous system drug discovery
    • doi:10.1602/neurorx.24.554
    • Alavijeh, M.S., Chishty, M., Qaiser, M.Z., and Palmer, A.M. 2005. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the blood-brain barrier, and central nervous system drug discovery. NeuroRx, 2: 554-571. doi:10.1602/neurorx.24.554.
    • (2005) NeuroRx , vol.2 , pp. 554-571
    • Alavijeh, M.S.1    Chishty, M.2    Qaiser, M.Z.3    Palmer, A.M.4
  • 2
    • 0038677031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA-ergic drugs: Exit stage left, enter stage right
    • doi:10.1177/ 0269881103017002004
    • Ashton, H., and Young, A.H. 2003. GABA-ergic drugs: exit stage left, enter stage right. J. Psychopharmacol. 17: 174-178. doi:10.1177/ 0269881103017002004.
    • (2003) J. Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 174-178
    • Ashton, H.1    Young, A.H.2
  • 3
    • 0345491424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): A medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties
    • doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00374
    • Awad, R., Arnason, J.T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J.W., Foster, B.C., and Merali, Z. 2003. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine, 10: 640-649. doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00374.
    • (2003) Phytomedicine , vol.10 , pp. 640-649
    • Awad, R.1    Arnason, J.T.2    Trudeau, V.3    Bergeron, C.4    Budzinski, J.W.5    Foster, B.C.6    Merali, Z.7
  • 4
    • 27744595552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herb sales down 7.4% in mainstream market
    • Blumenthal, M. 2005. Herb sales down 7.4% in mainstream market. HerbalGram, 66: 63.
    • (2005) HerbalGram , vol.66 , pp. 63
    • Blumenthal, M.1
  • 5
    • 0017184389 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding
    • doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
    • Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
    • (1976) Anal. Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 248-254
    • Bradford, M.M.1
  • 6
    • 0033725187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects
    • doi:10.1097/00004714-200012000-00015
    • Bradwejn, J., Zhou, Y., Koszycki, D., and Shlik, J. 2000. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20: 680-684. doi:10.1097/00004714-200012000-00015.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 680-684
    • Bradwejn, J.1    Zhou, Y.2    Koszycki, D.3    Shlik, J.4
  • 8
    • 0035855891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties and interaction of heterologously expressed glutamate decarboxylase isoenzymes GAD(65kDa) and GAD(67kDa) from human brain with ginkgotoxin and its 5′-phosphate
    • doi:10.1021/jm010868f
    • Buss, K., Drewke, C., Lohmann, S., Piwonska, A., and Leistner, E. 2001. Properties and interaction of heterologously expressed glutamate decarboxylase isoenzymes GAD(65kDa) and GAD(67kDa) from human brain with ginkgotoxin and its 5′-phosphate. J. Med. Chem. 44: 3166-3174. doi:10.1021/jm010868f.
    • (2001) J. Med. Chem , vol.44 , pp. 3166-3174
    • Buss, K.1    Drewke, C.2    Lohmann, S.3    Piwonska, A.4    Leistner, E.5
  • 9
    • 29144475373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacognosy of Humulus lupulus L. (hops) with an emphasis on estrogenic properties
    • doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2004.07.006
    • Chadwick, L.R., Pauli, G.F., and Farnsworth, N.R. 2006. The pharmacognosy of Humulus lupulus L. (hops) with an emphasis on estrogenic properties. Phytomedicine, 13: 119-131. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2004.07.006.
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 119-131
    • Chadwick, L.R.1    Pauli, G.F.2    Farnsworth, N.R.3
  • 10
    • 0026713390 scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats
    • Chatterjee, T.K., Chakraborty, A., Pathak, M., and Sengupta, G.C. 1992. Effects of plant extract Centella asiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 30: 889-891.
    • (1992) Indian J. Exp. Biol , vol.30 , pp. 889-891
    • Chatterjee, T.K.1    Chakraborty, A.2    Pathak, M.3    Sengupta, G.C.4
  • 11
    • 0034915632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of glutamate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release from synaptosomes by hyperforin
    • doi:10.1055/s-2001-15450
    • Chatterjee, S.S., Biber, A., and Weibezahn, C. 2001. Stimulation of glutamate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release from synaptosomes by hyperforin. Pharmacopsychiatry, 34(Suppl 1): S11-S19. doi:10.1055/s-2001-15450.
    • (2001) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Chatterjee, S.S.1    Biber, A.2    Weibezahn, C.3
  • 13
    • 3242656424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passiflora: A review update
    • doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.023
    • Dhawan, K., Dhawan, S., and Sharma, A. 2004. Passiflora: a review update. J. Ethnopharmacol. 94: 1-23. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.023.
    • (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.94 , pp. 1-23
    • Dhawan, K.1    Dhawan, S.2    Sharma, A.3
  • 14
    • 0025738117 scopus 로고
    • Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases
    • doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90077-D
    • Erlander, M.G., Tillakaratne, N.J., Feldblum, S., Patel, N., and Tobin, A.J. 1991. Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron, 7: 91-100. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90077-D.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 91-100
    • Erlander, M.G.1    Tillakaratne, N.J.2    Feldblum, S.3    Patel, N.4    Tobin, A.J.5
  • 15
    • 31044440957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal remedies for anxiety - a systematic review of controlled clinical trials
    • doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2004.11.006
    • Ernst, E. 2006. Herbal remedies for anxiety - a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Phytomedicine, 13: 205-208. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2004.11.006.
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 205-208
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 16
    • 33645993865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alkaloids from Eschscholzia Californica and their capacity to inhibit binding of [3H]8-Hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin to 5-HT1A receptors in Vitro
    • doi:10.1021/np058114h
    • Gafner, S., Dietz, B.M., McPhail, K.L., Scott, I.M., Glinski, J.A., Russell, F.E., et al. 2006. Alkaloids from Eschscholzia Californica and their capacity to inhibit binding of [3H]8-Hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin to 5-HT1A receptors in Vitro. J. Nat. Prod. 69: 432-435. doi:10.1021/np058114h.
    • (2006) J. Nat. Prod , vol.69 , pp. 432-435
    • Gafner, S.1    Dietz, B.M.2    McPhail, K.L.3    Scott, I.M.4    Glinski, J.A.5    Russell, F.E.6
  • 17
    • 0342545916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valerenic acid derivatives and valepotriates among individuals, varieties and species of Valeriana
    • doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00094-5
    • Gao, X.Q., and Bjork, L. 2000. Valerenic acid derivatives and valepotriates among individuals, varieties and species of Valeriana. Fitoterapia, 71: 19-24. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00094-5.
    • (2000) Fitoterapia , vol.71 , pp. 19-24
    • Gao, X.Q.1    Bjork, L.2
  • 18
    • 0025257207 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica after single and multiple administrations to healthy volunteers. A new assay for asiatic acid
    • doi:10.1016/0378-8741(90)90033-P
    • Grimaldi, R., De Ponti, F., D'Angelo, L., Caravaggi, M., Guidi, G., Lecchini, S., Frigo, G.M., and Crema, A. 1990. Pharmacokinetics of the total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica after single and multiple administrations to healthy volunteers. A new assay for asiatic acid. J. Ethnopharmacol. 28: 235-241. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(90)90033-P.
    • (1990) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 235-241
    • Grimaldi, R.1    De Ponti, F.2    D'Angelo, L.3    Caravaggi, M.4    Guidi, G.5    Lecchini, S.6    Frigo, G.M.7    Crema, A.8
  • 19
    • 0347985432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders
    • doi:10.1185/ 030079903125002603
    • Hanus, M., Lafon, J., and Mathieu, M. 2004. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 20: 63-71. doi:10.1185/ 030079903125002603.
    • (2004) Curr. Med. Res. Opin , vol.20 , pp. 63-71
    • Hanus, M.1    Lafon, J.2    Mathieu, M.3
  • 20
    • 36549058989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada. 2002. A report on mental illnesses in Canada: Anxiety disorders, Ottawa, ON.
    • Health Canada. 2002. A report on mental illnesses in Canada: Anxiety disorders, Ottawa, ON.
  • 21
    • 0345660432 scopus 로고
    • PROBIT: A program in PASCAL for univariate probit analysis with exact confidence limits for LC50
    • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
    • Hubert, J.J., and Carter, E.M. 1990. PROBIT: a program in PASCAL for univariate probit analysis with exact confidence limits for LC50. Statistical Series 1990-222, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON.
    • (1990) Statistical Series , vol.1990 -222
    • Hubert, J.J.1    Carter, E.M.2
  • 22
    • 0017553966 scopus 로고
    • gamma-Vinyl GABA (4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid), a new selective irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T: Effects on brain GABA metabolism in mice
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10721.x
    • Jung, M.J., Lippert, B., Metcalf, B.W., Bohlen, P., and Schechter, P.J. 1977. gamma-Vinyl GABA (4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid), a new selective irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T: effects on brain GABA metabolism in mice. J. Neurochem. 29: 797-802. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10721.x.
    • (1977) J. Neurochem , vol.29 , pp. 797-802
    • Jung, M.J.1    Lippert, B.2    Metcalf, B.W.3    Bohlen, P.4    Schechter, P.J.5
  • 23
    • 33144481106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress
    • doi:10.1002/ptr.1787
    • Kennedy, D.O., Little, W., Haskell, C.F., and Scholey, A.B. 2006. Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress. Phytother. Res. 20: 96-102. doi:10.1002/ptr.1787.
    • (2006) Phytother. Res , vol.20 , pp. 96-102
    • Kennedy, D.O.1    Little, W.2    Haskell, C.F.3    Scholey, A.B.4
  • 24
    • 20444501831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMsa043266
    • Kessler, R.C., Demler, O., Frank, R.G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H.A., Walters, E.E., et al. 2005. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003. N. Engl. J. Med. 352: 2515-2523. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa043266.
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.352 , pp. 2515-2523
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Demler, O.2    Frank, R.G.3    Olfson, M.4    Pincus, H.A.5    Walters, E.E.6
  • 25
    • 0027395911 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in the brain
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471- 4159.1993.tb03165.x
    • Martin, D.L., and Rimvall, K. 1993. Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in the brain. J. Neurochem. 60: 395-407. doi:10.1111/j.1471- 4159.1993.tb03165.x.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem , vol.60 , pp. 395-407
    • Martin, D.L.1    Rimvall, K.2
  • 26
    • 0034112282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose pyridoxine as an 'anti-stress' strategy
    • doi:10.1054/mehy.1999.0955
    • McCarty, M.F. 2000. High-dose pyridoxine as an 'anti-stress' strategy. Med. Hypotheses, 54: 803-807. doi:10.1054/mehy.1999.0955.
    • (2000) Med. Hypotheses , vol.54 , pp. 803-807
    • McCarty, M.F.1
  • 27
    • 33746007545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.)
    • doi:10.1002/ptr.1900
    • McKay, D.L., and Blumberg, J.B. 2006. A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytother. Res. 20: 519-530. doi:10.1002/ptr.1900.
    • (2006) Phytother. Res , vol.20 , pp. 519-530
    • McKay, D.L.1    Blumberg, J.B.2
  • 28
    • 33646724479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of valerian and lemon balm is effective in the treatment of restlessness and dyssomnia in children
    • doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.013
    • Muller, S.F., and Klement, S. 2006. A combination of valerian and lemon balm is effective in the treatment of restlessness and dyssomnia in children. Phytomedicine, 13: 383-387. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.013.
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 383-387
    • Muller, S.F.1    Klement, S.2
  • 29
    • 0034922673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperforin- antidepressant activity by a novel mechanism of action
    • doi:10.1055/s-2001-15512
    • Muller, W.E., Singer, A., and Wonnemann, M. 2001. Hyperforin- antidepressant activity by a novel mechanism of action. Pharmacopsychiatry, 34(Suppl. 1): S98-S102. doi:10.1055/s-2001-15512.
    • (2001) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Muller, W.E.1    Singer, A.2    Wonnemann, M.3
  • 30
    • 1842453801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects of the disorders of GABA metabolism in children
    • doi:10.1097/00019052-200404000-00005
    • Pearl, P.L., and Gibson, K.M. 2004. Clinical aspects of the disorders of GABA metabolism in children. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 17: 107-113. doi:10.1097/00019052-200404000-00005.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 107-113
    • Pearl, P.L.1    Gibson, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 0020357403 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism by valerenic acid derivatives
    • doi:10.1055/s-2007-971218
    • Riedel, E., Hansel, R., and Ehrke, G. 1982. Inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism by valerenic acid derivatives. Planta Med. 46: 219-220. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971218.
    • (1982) Planta Med , vol.46 , pp. 219-220
    • Riedel, E.1    Hansel, R.2    Ehrke, G.3
  • 33
    • 11844263952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening of traditionally used Lebanese herbs for neurological activities
    • doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.023
    • Salah, S.M., and Jager, A.K. 2005. Screening of traditionally used Lebanese herbs for neurological activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 97: 145-149. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.023.
    • (2005) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.97 , pp. 145-149
    • Salah, S.M.1    Jager, A.K.2
  • 35
    • 33646054109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of recombinant goldfish glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and evidence for differential pH and PLP responsiveness compared to the human enzyme
    • doi:10.1016/j.cbpb. 2006.01.010
    • Sardana, R.K., Awad, R., Arnason, J.T., and Trudeau, V.L. 2006. Expression of recombinant goldfish glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and evidence for differential pH and PLP responsiveness compared to the human enzyme. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 144: 94-100. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb. 2006.01.010.
    • (2006) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol , vol.144 , pp. 94-100
    • Sardana, R.K.1    Awad, R.2    Arnason, J.T.3    Trudeau, V.L.4
  • 36
    • 31044434122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of St. John's Wort extract compared to synthetic antidepressants
    • doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2005. 07.005
    • Schulz, V. 2006. Safety of St. John's Wort extract compared to synthetic antidepressants. Phytomedicine, 13: 199-204. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2005. 07.005.
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 199-204
    • Schulz, V.1
  • 37
    • 0026596255 scopus 로고
    • Seizure activity in pyridoxine-deficient adult rats
    • doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02312.x
    • Sharma, S.K., and Dakshinamurti, K. 1992. Seizure activity in pyridoxine-deficient adult rats. Epilepsia, 33: 235-247. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02312.x.
    • (1992) Epilepsia , vol.33 , pp. 235-247
    • Sharma, S.K.1    Dakshinamurti, K.2
  • 38
    • 0036240369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine side-effects: From the bench to the clinic
    • doi:10.2174/ 1381612023396708
    • Stewart, S.H., and Westra, H.A. 2002. Benzodiazepine side-effects: from the bench to the clinic. Curr. Pharm. Des. 8: 1-3. doi:10.2174/ 1381612023396708.
    • (2002) Curr. Pharm. Des , vol.8 , pp. 1-3
    • Stewart, S.H.1    Westra, H.A.2
  • 39
    • 0036908348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid reduce the defensive freezing behavior of mice exposed to conditioned fear stress
    • doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1253-5
    • Takeda, H., Tsuji, M., Miyamoto, J., and Matsumiya, T. 2002a. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid reduce the defensive freezing behavior of mice exposed to conditioned fear stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 164: 233-235. doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1253-5.
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.164 , pp. 233-235
    • Takeda, H.1    Tsuji, M.2    Miyamoto, J.3    Matsumiya, T.4
  • 40
    • 0037047698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice
    • doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02037-X
    • Takeda, H., Tsuji, M., Inazu, M., Egashira, T., and Matsumiya, T. 2002b. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 449: 261-267. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02037-X.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.449 , pp. 261-267
    • Takeda, H.1    Tsuji, M.2    Inazu, M.3    Egashira, T.4    Matsumiya, T.5
  • 41
    • 33750507269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola - (Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models
    • doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.011
    • Wijeweera, P., Arnason, J.T., Koszycki, D., and Merali, Z. 2006. Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola - (Centella asiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. Phytomedicine, 13: 668-676. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.011.
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 668-676
    • Wijeweera, P.1    Arnason, J.T.2    Koszycki, D.3    Merali, Z.4
  • 42
    • 0034928466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of synaptosomal uptake inhibition of most relevant constituents of St. John's wort
    • doi:10.1055/s-2001- 15465
    • Wonnemann, M., Singer, A., Siebert, B., and Muller, W.E. 2001. Evaluation of synaptosomal uptake inhibition of most relevant constituents of St. John's wort. Pharmacopsychiatry, 34(Suppl. 1): S148-S151. doi:10.1055/s-2001- 15465.
    • (2001) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Wonnemann, M.1    Singer, A.2    Siebert, B.3    Muller, W.E.4
  • 43
    • 1642541871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity
    • doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000096189.70405.A5
    • Yuan, C.S., Mehendale, S., Xiao, Y., Aung, H.H., Xie, J.T., and Ang-Lee, M.K. 2004. The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity. Anesth. Analg. 98: 353-358. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000096189.70405.A5.
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg , vol.98 , pp. 353-358
    • Yuan, C.S.1    Mehendale, S.2    Xiao, Y.3    Aung, H.H.4    Xie, J.T.5    Ang-Lee, M.K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.