Wave propagation and resonance in four-layer systems for organic light-emitting diodes

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 24, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 3017-3036

  Lee, Hyoung In ^a  

^a Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIGHT EXTINCTION; LUMINESCENT DEVICES; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; THIN FILMS; WAVE PROPAGATION;

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE LAYER; PROPAGATION CONSTANT;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 36448970157     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.24.003017     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. K. A. Neyts, "Simulation of light emission from thin-film microcavities," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 962-971 (1998).
2. J. Kim, P. K. H. Ho, N, C. Greenham, and R. H. Friend, "Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light emitting diodes: implications for device efficiency calculations," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073-1081 (2000).
3. B. Ruhstaller, T. Beierlein, H. Riel, S. Karg, J. C. Scott, and W Riess, "Simulating electronic and optical processes in multilayer in organic light-emitting devices," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9, 723-731 (2003).
4. Y R. Do, Y Kim, Y Song, and Y Lee, "Enhanced light extraction efficiency from organic light-emitting diodes by insertion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure," J. Appl. Phys. 96, 7629-7636 (2004).
5. W Riess, T. A. Beierlein, and H. Riel, "Optimizing OLED structures for a-Si display applications via combinatorial methods and enhanced outcoupling," Phys. Status Solidi 201, 1360-1371 (2004).
6. A. Chutinan, K. Ishibara, T. Asano, M. Fujita, and S. Noda, "Theoretical analysis on light-extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes using FDTD and mode-expansion methods," Org. Electron. 6, 3-9 (2005).
7. H. Chen, J. Lee, C. Shiau, C. Yang, and Y Kiang, "Electromagnetic modeling of organic light-emitting devices," J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 2450-2457 (2006).
8. M. Fujita, K. Ishihara, T. Ueno, T. Asano, S. Noda, H. Ohata, T. Tsuji, H. Nakada, and N. Shimoji, "Optical and clectrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes with two-dimensional photonic crystals in organic/electrode layers," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 44, 3669-3677 (2006).
9. B. J. Chen, X. W Sun, and S. C. Tan, "Transparent organic light-emitting devices with LiF/Mg:Ag cathode," Opt. Express 13, 937 (2005).
10. G. Z. Ran, G. L. Ma, Y H. Xu, L. Dai, and G. G. Qin, "Light extraction efficiency of a top-emission organic light-emitting diode with an Yb/Au double-layer cathode and an opaque Si anode," Appl. Opt. 45, 5871-5876 (2006).
11. P. A. Hobson, J. A. E. Wasey, I. Sage, and W. L. Barnes, "The role of surface plasmons in organic light-emitting diodes," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8, 378-386 (2002).
12. S. Wedge and W. L. Barnes, "Surface plasmon-polariton mediated light emission through thin metal films," Opt. Express 12, 3673-3685 (2004).
13. H. Raether, Surface Plasmon on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings, Vol. 3 of Springer Tracts in Modern Physics (Springer-Verlag, 1988).
14. F. Pincemin, A. A. Maradudin, A. D. Boardman, and J.-J. Greffet, "Scattering of a surface plasmon polariton by a surface defect," Phys. Rev. B 50, 15261-15275 (1994).
15. F. Kliewer and J. R. Fuchs, "Collective electronic motion in a metallic slab," Phys. Rev. 153, 498-512 (1967).
16. G. I. Stegeman, J. J. Burke, and D. G. Hall, "Surface-polariton-like waves guided by thin, dissipative metal films," Opt. Lett. 8, 383-385 (1983).
17. G. I. Stegeman, A. A. Maradudin, T. P. Shen, and R. F. Wallis, "Refraction of a surface polariton by a semi-infinite film on a metal," Phys. Rev. B 29, 6530-6539 (1984).
18. J. J. Burke, G. I. Stegeman, and T. Tamir, "Surface-polariton-like waves guided by thin, dissipative metal films," Phys. Rev. B 33, 5186-5201 (1986).
19. F. A. Burton and S. A. Cassidy, "A complete description of the dispersion relation for thin metalfilm plason-polaritons," J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 1843-1849 (1990).
20. F. Yang, J. R. Sambles, and G. W. Bradberry, "Long-range surface modes supported by thin films," Phys. Rev. B 44, 5855-5872 (1991).
21. T. Takahara, Y. Fukasawa, and T. Konayashi, "Excitation of two-dimensional optical waves by electric currents in thin metal-gap structures," J. Korean Phys. Soc. 47, S43-S47 (2005).
22. M. Karppinen, R. Charbornneau, and P. Berini, "Attenuated total reflection modulator based on surface plasmon excitation," Proc. SPIE 4595, 259-267 (2001).
23. J. Stiens, R. Vounckx, I. Veretennicoff, A. Voronko, and G. Shkerdin, "Slab plasmon polaritons and waveguide modes in four-layer resonant semiconductor waveguides," J. Appl. Phys. 81, 1-10 (1997).
24. Y. Li and J. W. Y. Lit, "General formulas for the guiding properties of a multilayer slab waveguide," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 671-677 (1987).
25. R. Zia, M. D. Selker, and M. L. Brongersma, "Leaky and bound modes of surface plasmon waveguides," Phys. Rev. B 71, 165431 (2005).
26. P. Berini, "Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: bound modes of symmetric structure," Phys. Rev. B 61, 10484-10503 (2000).
27. I. Breukelaar and P. Berini, "Long-range surface plasmon polariton mode cutoff and radiation in slab waveguide," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 1971-1977 (2006).
28. R. E. Smith, S. N. Houde-Watter, and G. W. Forbes, "Mode determination for planar waveguides using the four-sheeted dispersion relation," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 1520-1526 (1992).
29. R. E. Smith and S. N. Houde-Walter, "Leaky guiding in nontransparent waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 715-724 (1995).
30. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, "Optical constants of the noble metals," Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972).
31. P. G. Etchegoin, E. C. Le Ru, and M. Meyer, "An analytic model for the optical properties of gold," J. Chem. Phys. 125, 164705 (2006).
32. H. I. Lee, "Wave propagation and resonance in four-layer systems for waveguides," in preparation.
33. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed. (Wiley, 1998).