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The experiments were performed at room temperature in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber with a base pressure of 6 × 10-11 mbar. The Cu(100) sample was prepared by standard sputtering and annealing procedures. Surface cleanliness and order were verified by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The optical setup to generate phase-locked ultrashort pump laser pulses at frequencies ωa and ωa/2 is described in detail in (31, Their wavelength varied between 270 and 285 nm (540 and 570 nm, the pulse durations were 90 and 60 fs. The time-delayed probe pulse for photoemission (ωb) had a wavelength of 800 nm and a pulse duration of 70 fs. For the measurements that did not require a time delay between pump and probe pulses (Figs. 1 to 3, the photoelectrons emitted by the half-gap pulses were recorded i.e, ωb, ωa/2, A hemispherical electron analyzer equipped
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a/2). A hemispherical electron analyzer equipped with an angle-resolved lens mode and a two-dimensional image-type detector (Specs Phoibos-150) served as the electron spectrometer (17).
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0 is unknown for the position of the sample surface. It is fixed here by setting ΔΦ = 0 for a maximum of the total photoemission intensity.
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0 is unknown for the position of the sample surface. It is fixed here by setting ΔΦ = 0 for a maximum of the total photoemission intensity.
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∥ ≈ 1 nA per surface atom.
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∥ ≈ 1 nA per surface atom.
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See supporting material on Science Online.
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See supporting material on Science Online.
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36448997488
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Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant HO 2295/3 and by the Center for Optodynamics, Marburg, Germany.
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Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant HO 2295/3 and by the Center for Optodynamics, Marburg, Germany.
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