The role of hemodynamic measurements in the management of venous and ischemic ulcers

International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 254-261

  Lazarides, M K ^a,c   Giannoukas, A D ^b  

^a DEMOCRITUS UNIVERSITY OF THRACE   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY   (Greece)

^c NONE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Hemodynamic measurements; Ischemic ulcer; Venous ulcer

Indexed keywords

ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTERIOGRAPHY; ARTERY DISEASE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BYPASS SURGERY; CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DEEP FEMORAL ARTERY; DEVICE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC FOOT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EXERCISE; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; LEG AMPUTATION; LEG PHLEBOGRAPHY; LEG ULCER; LIMB ISCHEMIA; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; PATHOGENESIS; PHOTOELECTRIC PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SKIN ULCER; SURGEON; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TIBIAL ARTERY; TOE BRACHIAL PRESSURE INDEX; TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYGEN MONITORING; TREADMILL EXERCISE; ULCER; VASCULAR SURGERY; VEIN DISEASE; VEIN INSUFFICIENCY; VENOUS CIRCULATION; VENOUS PRESSURE; WOUND;

BLOOD GAS MONITORING, TRANSCUTANEOUS; BRACHIAL ARTERY; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; HUMANS; ISCHEMIA; LEG; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; PULSE; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, COLOR; VARICOSE ULCER;

EID: 36348992549     PISSN: 15347346     EISSN: 15526941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1534734607306878     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Mekkes JR, Loots Mam, Van Der Wal AC, Bos JD Causes investigation and treatment of leg ulceration. Br J Dermatol 2003 ; 148: 388-401.
2. Labropoulos N., Manalo D., Patel NP, Tiongson J., Pryor L., Giannoukas AD Uncommon leg ulcers in the lower extremity. J Vasc Surg 2007 ; 45: 568-73.
3. Schramm JC, Dinh T., Veves A. Microvascular changes in the diabetic foot. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2006 ; 5: 149-59.
4. London Njm, Donnelly R. Ulcerated lower limb. In: London NJM, Donnelly R, editors. ABC in arterial and venous disease. London: BMJ Books ; 2000. p. 53-5.
5. Winsor T. Influence of arterial disease on the systolic blood pressure gradients of the extremity. Am J Med Sci 1950 ; 220: 117
6. Strandness DE, Bell JW Peripheral vascular disease, diagnosis and objective evaluation using a mercury strain-gauge. Ann Surg 1965 ; 161 (Suppl 4). 1-35.
7. Yao Jst. Haemodynamic studies in peripheral arterial disease. Br J Surg 1970 ; 57: 761-6.
8. Bernstein EF, Fronek A. Current status of non-invasive tests in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Surg Clin North Am 1982 ; 62: 473-87.
9. Caruana MF, Bradbury AW, Adam DJ The validity, reliability, reproducibility and extended utility of ankle to brachial pressure Index in current vascular surgical practice. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005 ; 29, 443 - 51.
10. McGrae McDermott M., Criqui MH, Kiang Liu, Guralnik JM, Greenland P., Martin GJ, et al. Lower ankle/brachial index, as calculated by averaging the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arterial pressures, and association with leg functioning in peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2000 ; 32: 1164-71.
11. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A., Feigelson HS, Klauber MR, Mc Cann TJ, et al. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 1992 ; 326: 381-6.
12. Smith FB, Lee AJ, Price JF, van Wijk Mcw, Fowkes GR Changes in ankle brachial index in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects in the general population. J Vasc Surg 2003 ; 38: 1323-30.
13. Apelqvist J., Bakker K., Van Houtum WH, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, Schaper NC International consensus and practical guidelines on the management and the prevention of the diabetic foot: International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000 ; 16 (Suppl 1). S84 - S92.
14. Stevens MJ, Goss DE, Foster AV, Pitei D., Edmonds ME, Watkins PJ Abnormal digital measurements in diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration. Diabet Med 1993 ; 10: 909-15.
15. Brooks B., Dean R., Patel S., Wu, B., Molyneaux, L., Yue DK TBI or not TBI: that is the question. Is it better to measure toe pressure than ankle pressure in diabetic patients? Diabet Med 2001 ; 18: 528 - 32.
16. Carter SA, Lezack JD Digital systolic pressures in the lower limbs in arterial disease. Circulation 1971 ; 43: 905-14.
17. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR,, et al. Writing Committee Members; Task Force Members. ACC/AHA Practice Guideline: ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): Executive Summary, A Collaborative Report From the American Association for Vascular Surgery/ Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 ; 47: 1239-312.
18. Smith Fct, Shearman CP, Simms MH, et al. Falsely elevated ankle pressures in severe leg ischemia: the pole test, an alternative approach. Eur J Vasc Surg 1994 ; 8: 408-12.
19. Pahlsson HI, Wahlberg E., Olofsson P., Swedenborg J. The toe pole test for evaluation of arterial insufficiency in diabetic patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999 ; 18: 133-37.
20. Keagy BA, Pharr WF, Thomas D., et al. Comparison of reactive hyperemia and treadmill tests in evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. Am J Surg 1981 ; 142: 158-61.
21. Yamamoto K., Miyata T., Onozuka A., et al. Plantar flexion as an alternative to treadmill exercise for evaluating with intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Surg 2007 ; 33: 325-9.
22. Murphy KJ, Rubin JM Power Doppler: it's a good thing. Semin Ultrasound 1997 ; 18: 13-21.
23. Ramaswami G., Tegos T., Nicolaides AN, et al. Ultrasonic plaque character and outcome after lower limb angioplasty. J Vasc Surg 1999 ; 29: 110-9.
24. Iabichella ML, Melillo E., Mosti G. A review of microvascular measurements in wound healing. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2006 ; 5: 181-99.
25. Wyss CR, Matsen FA, Simmons CW, Burgess EM Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements on limbs of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. Surgery 1984 ; 95: 339-46.
26. Ballard JL, Bianchi C. Transcutaneous oxygen tension: principles and application. In: Abu-Rhama AF, Bergan JJ, editors. Noninvasive vascular diagnosis. New York: Springer ; 2000. p. 403-9.
27. Norgren L., Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes Fgr. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007 ; 33 (Suppl): S1 - S75.
28. Mani R. From the wound healing laboratory: any evidence for change? In: Mani R, editor. Chronic wound management: the evidence for change. London: CRC Parthenon ; 2002. p. 135-44.
29. Wain RA, Berdejo GL, Delvalle WN, et al. Can Duplex arterial mapping replace contrast arteriography as the test of choice before infrainguinale revascularization? J Vasc Surg 1999 ; 29: 100-9.
30. Grassbaugh JA, Nelson PR, Rzucidlo EM, et al. Blinded comparison of preoperative Duplex ultrasound scanning and contrast arteriography for planning revascularization at the level of the tibia. J Vasc Surg 2003 ; 37: 1186-90.
31. Lautenschlager S., Eichmann A. Differential diagnosis of leg ulcers. Curr Prob Dermatol 1999 ; 27: 259-70.
32. Mekkes JR, Loots Mam, Van der Wal AC, Bos JD Causes, investigation and treatment of leg ulceration. Br J Dermatol 2003 ; 148: 388-401.
33. Cornwall JV, Dore CJ, Lewis JD Leg ulcers: epidemiology and aetiology. Br J Surg 1986 ; 73: 693-6.
34. Callam MJ, Ruckley CV, Harper DR, Dale JJ Chronic ulceration of the leg: extent of the problem and provision of care. Br Med J 1985 ; 290: 1855-66.
35. Kistner RL, Eklof B., Masuda EM Diagnosis of chronic venous disease of the lower extremities: The "CEAP" classification. Mayo Clin Proc 1966 ; 71: 338-45.
36. Labropoulos N. CEAP in clinical practice. Vasc Surg 1997 ; 31: 224-5.
37. Baker S., Burnand K., Sommerville K., Thomas ML, Wilson NM, Browse NL Comparison of venous reflux assessed by duplex scanning and descending phlebography in chronic venous disease. Lancet 1993 ; 341: 400-3.
38. Collins C., Mani R. The role of ultrasound in lower extremity wound management. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2002 ; 1: 229-35.
39. Tassiopoulos AK, Golts DS, Labropoulos N. Current concepts in chronic venous ulceration. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2000 ; 20: 227-32.
40. Lazarides MK Venous ulcers: the benefits of superficial venous surgery should not be overlooked Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2005 ; 4: 198-9.
41. Labropoulos N., Giannoukas AD, Nicolaides AN, Ramaswami G., Leon M., Burke P. New insights into the pathophysiologic condition of venous ulceration with color-flow duplex imaging: implications for treatment? J Vasc Surg 1995 ; 22: 45-50.
42. Berard A., Abenhaim L., Platt R., Kahn SR, Steinmetz O. Risk factors for the first-time development of venous ulcers of the lower limbs: the influence of heredity and physical activity. Angiology 2002 ; 53: 647-57.
43. Ioannou CV, Giannoukas AD, Kostas T., Kafetzakis A., Liamis A., Touloupakis E., Tsetis D., Katsamouris N. Patterns of venous reflux in limbs with venous ulcers. Implications for treatment. Int Angiol 2003 ; 22: 182-87.
44. Nicolaides AN, Hussein MK, Szendro G., Christopoulos D., Vasdekis S., Clarke H. The relation of venous ulceration with ambulatory venous pressure measurements. J Vasc Surg 1993 ; 17: 414-9.
45. Bradboury A., Ruckley CV Clinical assessment of patients with venous disease. In: Gloviczki P, Yao JST, editors. Handbook of venous disorders. 2 nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press ; 2001. p. 71-82.
46. Haenen JH, Janssen MC, Wollersheim H., Van't Hof MA, de Rooij MJ, van Langen H., et al. The development of post-thrombotic syndrome in relationship to venous reflux and calf muscle pump dysfunction at 2 years after the onset of deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 2002 ; 35: 1184 - 9.
47. Christopoulos D., Nicolaides AN, Cook A., Irvine A., Galloway JM, Wilkinson A. Pathogenesis of venous ulceration in relation to the calf muscle pump function. Surgery 1989 ; 106: 829-35.
48. Clarke-Moloney M., Godfrey A., O'Connor V., Meagher H., Burke PE, Kavanagh EG, et al. Mobility in patients with venous leg ulceration. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007 ; 33 (4). 488-83.
49. Browse NL, Burnand KG The cause of venous ulceration. Lancet 1982 ; 8292: 243-5.
50. Herrick SE, Sloan P., McGurk M., Freak L., McCollum CN, Ferguson MW Sequential changes in histologic pattern and extracellular matrix deposition during the healing of chronic venous ulcers. Am J Pathol 1992 ; 141: 1085-95.
51. Coleridge Smith PD, Thomas P., Scurr JH, Dormandy JA Causes of venous ulceration: a new hypothesis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988 ; 296: 1726-7.
52. Greenwood JE, Edwards AT, McCollum CN The possible role of ischemia-reperfusion in the pathogenesis of chronic venous ulceration. Wounds 1995 ; 7: 211-9.
53. Peschen M., Rogers AA, Chen Wyj, Vanscheidt W. Modulation of urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activator occurs at an early stage of progressing stages of chronic venous insufficiency. Acta Derm Venereol 2000 ; 80: 162-6.
54. Falanga V., Eaglstein WH The "trap" hypothesis of venous ulceration. Lancet 1993 ; 341: 1006-8.
55. Androulakis AE, Giannoukas AD, Labropoulos N., Katsamouris A., Nicolaides AN The impact of duplex scanning on vascular practice. Int Angiol 1996 ; 15: 283-90.
56. Van Bemmelen PS, Bedford G., Beach K., Strandness DE Jr. Quantitative segmental evaluation of venous valvular reflux with duplex ultrasound scanning. J Vasc Surg 1989 ; 10: 425-31.
57. Labropoulos N., Leon LR Jr. Duplex evaluation of venous insufficiency. Semin Vasc Surg 2005 ; 18: 5-9.
58. Nicolaides A, Sumner DS, editors. Investigation of patients with deep venous thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency. London: Med-Orion ; 1991. p. 43-62.
59. Labropoulos N., Giannoukas AD, Nicolaides AN, et al. The role of venous reflux and calf muscle pump function in the non-thrombotic chronic venous insufficiency. Correlation with severity of signs and symptoms. Arch Surg 1996.; 131: 403-6.
60. Christopoulos DC, Nicolaides AN, Szendro G., Irvine AT, Bull M., Eastcott Hhg. Air-plethysmography and the effect of elastic compression on venous haemodynamics of the leg. J Vasc Surg 1987 ; 5: 148-59.
61. Araki CT, Hobson RW Indirect non-invasive tests (photoplethysmography). In: Gloviczki P, Yao JST, editors. Handbook of venous disorders. 2 nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press ; 2001. p. 104-9.
62. Abramowitz HB, Queral LA, Flinn WR, Nora PF, Peterson LK, Bergan JJ, Yao Jst. The use of photoplethysmography in the assessment of venous insufficiency. A comparison to venous pressure measurements. Surgery 1979 ; 86: 434-41.
63. Nicolaides AN, Miles C. Photoplethysmography in the assessment of venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 1987 ; 5: 405-12.
64. Nicolaides AN, Zukowski AJ The value of dynamic venous pressure measurements. World J Surg 1986 ; 10: 919-24.
65. Nicolaides AN Investigation of chronic venous insufficiency: a consensus statement. Circulation 2000 ; 102: 126-63.
66. Ackroyd JS, Lea Thomas M, Browse NL Deep vein reflux: an assessment by descending venography. Br J Surg 1986 ; 73: 31-3.
67. Christopoulos D., Nicolaides AN Noninvasive diagnosis and quantification of popliteal reflux in the swollen and ulcerated leg. J Cardiovasc Surg 1988 ; 29: 535-9.
68. Labropoulos N., Leon M., Nicolaides AN, Giannoukas AD, Volteas N., Chan P. Superficial venous insufficiency: correlation of anatomic extent of reflux with clinical symptoms and signs. J Vasc Surg. 1994 ;. 20: 953-8.
69. Moore DJ, Himmel PD, Sumner DS Distribution of venous valvular incompetence in patients with post-phlebitic syndrome. J Vasc Surg 1986 ; 3: 49-57.
70. Ghauri AS, Taylor MC, Deacon JE, Whyman MR, Earnshaw JJ, Heather BP, Poskitt KR Influence of a specialized leg ulcer service on management and outcome. Br J Surg 2000 ; 87: 1048-56.