United we stand? The european union's international actorness in the cases of the international criminal court and the Kyoto protocol

Journal of Common Market Studies

Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 969-998

  Groenleer, Martijn L P ^a,c   Van Schaik, Louise G ^b  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael   (Netherlands)

^c DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36148988020     PISSN: 00219886     EISSN: 14685965     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2007.00756.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Agence Europe (2001 Bulletin Quotidien Europe Smith, M. (1990 Western Europe's Presence in the Contemporary International Arena Review of International Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 19 37.
2. Allen, D. (1998 Who Speaks for Europe? The Search for an Effective and Coherent External Policy In Peterson, J. Sjursen, H. (eds) A Common Foreign Policy for Europe (London : Routledge pp. 41 58.
3. Aspinwall, M.D. Schneider, G. (2000 Same Menu, Separate Tables: The Institutionalist Turn in Political Science and the Study of European Integration European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1 36.
4. Beyers, J. Trondal, J. (2004 How Nation States "Hit" Europe: Ambiguity and Representation in the European Union West European Politics, Vol. 27, No. 5, November, pp. 919 42.
5. Bretherton, C. Vogler, J. (2006) The European Union as a Global Actor (London : Routledge).
6. Buchner, B. (2001 What Really Happened in The Hague Report on the COP 6, Part I, 13-25 November 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Available at: « http://www.feem.it/Feem/Pub/Publications/WPapers/ WP2001-038.htm Businesses, Green Groups and the Media: The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Climate Change Debate International Affairs, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 313 28.
7. Carraro, C. Siniscalco, D. (1998 International Environmental Agreements: Incentives and Political Economy European Economic Review, Vol. 42, pp. 561 72.
8. Chaban, N., Elgström, O. Holland, M. (2006 The European Union As Others See It European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 11, pp. 245 62.
9. Checkel, J.T. (1998 The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory (A Review Essay) World Politics, Vol. 50, pp. 324 48.
10. Checkel, J.T. (1999 Social Construction and Integration Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 545 60.
11. Checkel, J. (2005 International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework International Organization, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 801 26.
12. Christiansen, T.K., Jørgensen, E. Wiener, A. (1999 The Social Construction of Europe Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 528 44.
13. Den Elzen, M.G.J. de Moor, A.P.G. (2001) Evaluating the Bonn Agreement and Some Key Issues. RIVM report 728001016.
14. Dutzler, B. (2002 The Representation of the EU and the Member States in International Organizations - General Aspects In Griller, S. Weidel, B. (eds) External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union (Vienna and New York : Springer pp. 151 90.
15. Edgar, A.D. (2002 Peace, Justice and Politics: The International Criminal Court, "New Diplomacy" and the UN System In Cooper, A.F., English, J. R. Thakur (eds) Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy? (Tokyo, New York and Paris : United Nations University Press pp. 133 51.
16. Eeckhout, P. (2004) External Relations of the European Union (Oxford : Oxford University Press).
17. Elgström, O. Strömvik, M. (2005 The European Union as an International Negotiator In Elgström, O. Jönsson, C. (eds) European Union Negotiations - Processes, Networks and Institutions (London and New York : Routledge).
18. EU Observer (2005 France puts US under Pressure to Accept War Crimes Court 24 March 2005.
19. Fehl, C. (2004 Explaining the International Criminal Court: A "Practice Test" for Rationalist Constructivist Approaches European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 357 94.
20. Finnemore, M. Sikkink, K. (1998 International Norm Dynamics and Political Change International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 887 918.
21. Garrett, G. (1992 International Cooperation and Institutional Choice: The European Community's Internal Market International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 533 60.
22. Garrett, G. Weingast, B.R. (1993 Ideas, Interests and Institutions: Constructing the European Community's Internal Market In Goldstein, J. Keohane, R.O. (eds) Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions and Political Change (Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press).
23. Ginsberg, R. (2001) The European Union in International Politics: Baptism by Fire (Lanham, MD : Rowman and Littlefield).
24. Griller, S. Weidel, B. (2002 External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union In Griller, S. Weidel, B. (eds) External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union (Vienna and New York : Springer pp. 5 22.
25. Groenleer, M. Rijks, D. (forthcoming The European Union and the International Criminal Court: The Politics of International Criminal Justice In Jørgensen, K.E. (ed The European Union and International Organizations.
26. Groenleer, M. van Schaik, L. (2005) The EU as an 'Intergovernmental' Actor in Foreign Affairs: Case Studies of the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol, CEPS Working Document, No. 228, August (Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies).
27. Grubb, M. Yamin, F. (2001 Climate Collapse at the Hague: What Happened, Why and Where Do We Go from Here? International Affairs, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 261 76.
28. Hall, P.A. Taylor, R.C.R. (1996 Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms Political Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 936 57.
29. Hayes-Renshaw, F. Wallace, H. (1995 Executive Power in the European Union: The Functions and Limits of the Council of Ministers Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 559 82.
30. Héritier, A. (2001 Overt and Covert Institutionalization in Europe In Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W. Fligstein, N. (eds) The Institutionalization of Europe (Oxford : Oxford University Press pp. 56 70.
31. Hill, C. (1993 The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualizing Europe's International Role JCMS, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 305 28.
32. Hill, C. (1998 Closing the Capabilities-Expectations Gap? In Peterson, J. Sjursen, H. (eds) A Common Foreign Policy for Europe (London : Routledge pp. 18 38.
33. Hill, C. Smith, M. (2005) International Relations and the European Union (Oxford : Oxford University Press).
34. Hooghe, L. (1999 Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the Orientations of Senior Commission Officials Towards European Integration Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 435 63.
35. Human Rights Watch (1998a EU Split Produces Weak Position on International Court Rome, 15 June 1998.
36. Human Rights Watch (1998b HRW Disappointed by UK Stand on International Court', 9 July 1998.
37. Human Rights Watch (1999 French Stand on International Court "Mixed", says Rights Group 9 July.
38. Jain, N. (2005 A Separate Law for Peacekeepers: The Clash Between the Security Council and the International Criminal Court European Journal of International Law, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 239 54.
39. Jepperson, R.L., Wendt, A. Katzenstein, P.J. (1996 Norms, Identity and Culture in National Security In Katzenstein, P.J. (ed The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York : Columbia University Press pp. 33 75.
40. Johnston, A.I. (2001 Treating International Institutions as Social Environments International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 45, pp. 487 515.
41. Johnston, A.I. (2005 Conclusions and Extensions: Toward Mid-range Theorizing and Beyond Europe International Organization, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 1013 44.
42. Jupille, J. Caporaso, J.A. (1998 States, Agency and Rules: The European Union in Global Environmental Politics In Rhodes, C. (ed The European Union in the World Community (Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner pp. 213 29.
43. Jupille, J., Caporaso, J.A. Checkel, J.T. (2003 Integrating Institutions: Rationalism, Constructivism and the Study of the European Union Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1/2, pp. 7 40.
44. Kerremans, B. (1996 Do Institutions Make a Difference? Non-Institutionalism, Neo-Institutionalism and the Logic of Common Decision-Making in the European Union Governance, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 217 40.
45. Knodt, M. Princen, S. (eds 2003) Understanding the European Union's External Relations (London : Routledge).
46. Lacasta, N.S., Dessai, S. Powroslo, E. (2002 Consensus Among Many Voices: Articulating the European Union's Position on Climate Change Golden Gate University Law Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 351 414.
47. Lavranos, N. (2002 Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Who Makes the Binding Decisions? European Environmental Law Review, Vol. 44, February, pp. 44 55.
48. Lewis, J. (1998 Is the "Hard Bargaining" Image of the Council Misleading? The Committee of Permanent Representatives and the Local Elections Directive Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 479 504.
49. Lewis, J. (2003 Institutional Environments and Everyday EU Decision Making: Rationalist or Constructivist? Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1/2, pp. 97 124.
50. Lewis, J. (2005 The Janus Face of Brussels: Socialization and Everyday Decision Making in the European Union International Organization, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 937 71.
51. Mak, J. van Tatenhove, J. (2006 Introduction: Informality in a Future EU Perspectives on European Politics and Society, Vol. 7, No. 1.
52. Manners, I. (2002 Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? JCMS, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 235 58.
53. Manners, I. (2006 Normative Power Europe Reconsidered: Beyond the Crossroads Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 182 99.
54. March, J.G. Olsen, J.P. (1989) Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics (New York : The Free Press).
55. March, J.G. Olson, J.P. (1998 The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 943 70.
56. March, J.G. Olson, J.P. (2004 The Logic of Appropriateness ARENA Working Paper 04/09 (Oslo: ARENA).
57. Meunier, S. (2000 What Single Voice? European Institutions and EU-US Trade Negotiations International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 103 35.
58. Meunier, S. Nicolaïdis, K. (1999 Who Speaks for Europe? The Delegation of Trade Authority in the EU JCMS, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 477 501.
59. Moravcsik, A. (1995 Explaining International Human Rights Regimes: Liberal Theory and Western Europe European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 157 89.
60. Moravcsik, A. (1998) The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht (Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press).
61. Nel, P. (2002 Between Counter-Hegemony and Post-Hegemony: The Rome Statute and Normative Innovation in World Politics In Cooper, A.F., English, J. Thakur, R. (eds) Enhancing Global Governance: Towards a New Diplomacy? (Tokyo, New York and Paris : United Nations University Press pp. 152 61.
62. New York Times (2005 UN Votes to Send any Sudan War Crimes Suspects to World Court 1 April.
63. Nuttall, S. (1997 Two Decades of EPC Performance In Regelsberger, E., de Schoutheete, P., de Tervarent, P. Wessels, W. (eds) Foreign Policy of the European Union: From EPC to CFSP and Beyond (Boulder : Lynne Rienner).
64. Nuttall, S. (2000) European Foreign Policy (Oxford : Oxford University Press).
65. Ott, H.E. (2001 Climate Change: An Important Foreign Policy Issue International Affairs, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 277 96.
66. Peters, B.G. (1999) Institutional Theory in Political Science: The 'New' Institutionalism (London : Continuum).
67. Peterson, J. Smith, M.E. (2003 The EU as a Global Actor In Bomberg, E. Stubb, A. (eds) The European Union: How Does It Work? (Oxford : Oxford University Press).
68. Pollack, M. (1997 Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the European Community International Organization, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 99 134.
69. Pollack, M. (2003) The Engines of European Integration: Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the EU (Oxford : Oxford University Press).
70. Rhinard, M. Kaeding, M. (2006 The International Bargaining Power of the European Union in "Mixed" Competence Negotiations: The Case of the 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety JCMS, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 1023 50.
71. Rijks, D. (2004 Fortress or Façade? EU Policymaking on the International Criminal Court MA Thesis, Leiden University.
72. Sjöstedt, G. (1977) The External Role of the European Community (Westmead : Saxon House).
73. Smith, K.E. (2003) European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World (Cambridge : Polity Press).
74. Smith, K.E. (2006 Speaking With One Voice? European Union Co-ordination on Human Rights Issues at the United Nations JCMS, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 113 37.
75. Smith, M.E. (2001 The Quest for Coherence: Institutional Dilemmas of External Action from Maastricht to Amsterdam In Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W. Fligstein, N. (eds) The Institutionalization of Europe (Oxford : Oxford University Press pp. 171 93.
76. Smith, M.E. (2004) Europe's Foreign and Security Policy: The Institutionalization of Cooperation (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press).
77. Stacey, J. Rittberger, B. (2003 Dynamics of Formal and Informal Institutional Change in the EU Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 858 83.
78. Stone Sweet, A., Fligstein, N. Sandholz, W. (2001 The Institutionalization of European Space In Stone Sweet, A., Fligstein, N. Sandholz, W. (eds) The Institutionalization of Europe (Oxford : Oxford University Press pp. 1 28.
79. Tallman, D.A. (2003 Catch 98(2): Article 98 Agreements and the Dilemma of Treaty Conflict The Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 92, No. 5, pp. 1033 56.
80. Thomas, D.C. (2005 The Institutional Construction of EU Foreign Policy: CFSP and the International Criminal Court Prepared for presentation at the European Union Studies Association, Austin, Texas, 31 March-2 April, 2005.
81. Vanhoonacker, S. (2005 The Institutional Framework In Hill, C. Smith, M. (eds) International Relations and the European Union (Oxford : Oxford University Press pp. 67 90.
82. Van Schaik, L. Egenhofer, C. (2005 Improving the Climate - Will the New Constitution Strengthen the EU's Performance in International Climate Negotiations? CEPS Policy Brief No. 63, February, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
83. Van Selm-Thornburn, J. Verbeek, B. (1998 The Chance of a Lifetime? The European Community's Foreign and Refugee Policies Towards the Conflict in Yugoslavia, 1991-95 In Gray, P. Hart, P. (eds) Public Policy Disasters in Western Europe (London : Routledge).
84. Vogler, J. (2005 The European Contribution to Global Environmental Governance International Affairs, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 835 50.
85. Vogler, J. Bretherton, C. (2006 The European Union as a Protagonist to the United States on Climate Change International Studies Perspective, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1 22.
86. Washington Post (2002 Europeans Courting International Disaster 30 June 2002.
87. Wedgwood, R. (1998 Fiddling in Rome: America and the International Criminal Court Foreign Affairs, Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 20 24.
88. Weller, M. (2002 Undoing the Global Constitution: UN Security Council Action on the International Criminal Court International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 4, p. 693.
89. Young, A. (2003 What Game? By Which Rules? Adaptation and Flexibility in the EC's Foreign Economic Policy In Knodt, M. Princen, S. (eds) Understanding the European Union's External Relations (London : Routledge pp. 55 71.