Editorial: Attitudes can be measured! But what is an attitude?

Social Cognition

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 573-581

  Gawronski, Bertram ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36148960074     PISSN: 0278016X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.573     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 798-844). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
2. Banaji, M. R. (2001). Implicit attitudes can be measured. In H. L. Roediger III, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. Surprenant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in remembering Robert G. Crowder (pp. 117-150). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
3. Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, intention, efficiency, and control in social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition: Vol. 1: Basic processes (2nd ed., pp. 1-40). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Conrey, F.R., & Smith E.R. (2007). Attitude representation: Attitudes as patters in a distributed, connectionist representational system. Social Cognition, 25(5), 718-735.
5. Cunningham, W. A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Attitudes and evaluations: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 97-104.
6. Cunningham, W.A., Zelazo, P.D., Packer, D.J., & Van Bavel, J.J. (2007). The Iterative Reprocessing Model: A multilevel framework for attitudes and evaluation. Social Cognition, 25(5), 736-760.
7. De Houwer, J. (2003). The extrinsic affective Simon task. Experimental Psychology, 50, 77-85.
8. Deutsch, R., Gawronski, B., & Strack, F. (2006). At the boundaries of automaticity: Negation as reflective operation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 385-405.
9. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
10. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2005). Attitude research in the 21st century: The current state of knowledge. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 743-767). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Eagly, A.H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social Cognition, 25(5), 582-602.
12. Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109). San Diego: Academic Press.
13. Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude, strength (pp. 247-282). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
14. Fazio, R.H. (2007). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength. Social Cognition, 25(5), 603-637.
15. Fazio, R. H., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B. C., & Williams, C. J. (1995). Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1013-1027.
16. Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A. (2003). Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 297-327.
17. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.
18. Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 692-731.
19. Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2007). Unraveling the processes underlying evaluation: Attitudes from the perspective of the APE Model. Social Cognition, 25(5), 687-717.
20. Gawronski, B., & Strack, F. (2004). On the propositional nature of cognitive consistency: Dissonance changes explicit, but not implicit attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 535-542.
21. Gilbert, D. T. (1991). How mental systems believe. American Psychologist, 46, 107-119.
22. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27.
23. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. K. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
24. Kornblum, S., Hasbroucq, T., & Osman, A. (1990). Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility - a model and taxonomy. Psychological Review, 97, 253-270.
25. Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
26. Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. London: Freeman & Company.
27. Neely, J. H. (1977). Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 226-254.
28. Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The Go/No-Go Association Task. Social Cognition, 19, 625-666.
29. Payne, B. K., Cheng, S. M., Govorun, O., & Stewart, B. D. (2005). An inkblot for attitudes: Affect misattribution as implicit measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 277-293.
30. Petty, R. E. (2006). A metacognitive model of attitudes. Journal of Consumer Research, 33, 22-24.
31. Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2006). A meta-cognitive approach to "implicit" and "explicit" evaluations: Comment on Gawronski and Bodenhausen (2006). Psychological Bulletin, 132, 740-744.
32. Petty, R.E., Briñol, P., & DeMarree, K.G. (2007). The Meta-Cognitive Model (MCM) of attitudes: Implications for attitude measurement, change, and strength. Social Cognition, 25(5), 657-686.
33. Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Briñol, P. (Eds.), (in press). Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
34. Schwarz, N. (2007). Attitude construction: Evaluation in context. Social Cognition, 25(5), 638-656.
35. Schwarz, N., & Bohner, G. (2001). The construction of attitudes. In A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intraindividual processes (pp. 436-457). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
36. Smith, E. R., & Conrey, F. R. (2007). Mental representations are states, not things: Implications for implicit and explicit measurement. In B. Wittenbrink & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Implicit measures of attitudes: Procedures and controversies (pp. 247-264). New York: Guilford. Press.
37. Thurstone, L. L. (1928). Attitudes can be measured. American Journal of Sociology, 33, 529-554.
38. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101-126.
39. Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (1997). Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationships with questionnaire measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 262-274.
40. Wittenbrink, B., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (2007). Implicit measures of attitudes: Procedures and controversies. New York: Guilford Press.
41. Zanna, M., P., & Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: A new look at an old concept. In D. Bar-Tal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 315-334). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.