Prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: Population-based data from two California surveys

Ethnicity and Disease

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 886-893

  Ivey, Susan L ^a   Mehta, Kala M ^b,d   Wassel Fyr, Christina L ^c   Kanaya, Alka M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d SAN FRANCISCO VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian Indian; Cardiovascular diseases; Immigrant health; South Asian; Survey research

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ASIAN AMERICANS; CALIFORNIA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS; LINEAR MODELS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 36048975744     PISSN: 1049510X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Hoyert DL, Kung HC. Asian or Pacific Islander mortality, selected states, 1992. Mon Vital Stat Rep. 1997;46(1[suppl]):1-63.
2. Palaniappan L, Wang Y, Fortmann SP. Coronary heart disease mortality for six ethnic groups in California, 1990-2000. Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14(7):499-506.
3. Balarajan R. Ethnic differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales. BMJ. 1991;302(6776):560-564.
4. McKeigue PM, Ferrie JE, Pierpoint T, Marmot MG. Association of early-onset coronary heart disease in South Asian men with glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. Circulation. 1993;87(1):152-161. (Pubitemid 23019345)
5. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Satyavani K, Sivasankari S, Vijay V. Metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indian adults-a population study using modified ATP III criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003;60(3):199-204. (Pubitemid 36561622)
6. Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Papacosta O, et al. Early evidence of ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk: cross sectional comparison of British South Asian and White children. BMJ. 2002;324(7338):635.
7. Banerji MA, Faridi N, Atluri R, Chaiken RL, Lebovitz HE. Body composition, visceral fat, leptin, and insulin resistance in Asian Indian men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(1):137-144. (Pubitemid 29036692)
8. Pinto RJ. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in Asian Indians: clinical implications for prevention of coronary heart disease. Indian J Med Sci. 1998;52(2):49-54.
9. Enas EA, Garg A, Davidson MA, Nair VM, Huet BA, Yusuf S. Coronary heart disease and its risk factors in first-generation immigrant Asian Indians to the United States of America. Indian Heart J. 1996;48(4):343-353. (Pubitemid 126496791)
10. Mukhopadhyay B, Sattar N, Fisher M. Diabetes and cardiac disease in South Asians. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2005;5(5):253-259. (Pubitemid 41723702)
11. Collins VR, Dowse GK, Cabealawa S, Ram P, Zimmet PZ. High mortality from cardiovascular disease and analysis of risk factors in Indian and Melanesian Fijians. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(1):59-69. (Pubitemid 26060271)
12. Begom R, Singh RB. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its risk factors in the urban population of South and North India. Acta Cardiol. 1995;50(3):227-240.
13. Tuomilehto J, Ram P, Eseroma R, Taylor R, Zimmet P. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Fiji: analysis of mortality, morbidity and risk factors. Bull World Health Organ. 1984;62(1):133-143. (Pubitemid 14126098)
14. Census. Profile of general demographic characteristics: 1990. US Census Bureau. Available at: http://factfinder.census.gov.
15. Census. Profile of general demographic characteristics: 2000. US Census Bureau. Available at: http://factfinder.census.gov.
16. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC: DHHS; 2000.
17. California Health Interview Survey. CHIS 2001 Methodology Series: Report I - Sample Design and Report 5 - Weighting and Variance Estimation. Los Angeles, Calif: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; 2002.
18. The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). Standard definitions: final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for RDD telephone surveys and in-person household surveys. AAPOR; May 1998. Available at: http://www.aapor.org/pdfs/standard-defs-4.pdf.
19. California Health Interview Survey. Technical Paper No. 1. The CHIS 2001 Sample: Response Rate and Representativeness. Los Angeles, Calif: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; 2003.
20. Ivey S, Patel S, Kalra P, Srinivasan S, Greenlund K, Grewal D. Cardiovascular health among Asian Indians (CHAI): a community research project. J Interprof Care. 2004;18(4):391-402. (Pubitemid 40100611)
21. Kalra P, Srinivasan S, Ivey S, Greenlund K. Knowledge and practice: the risk of cardiovascular disease among Asian Indians - results from focus groups conducted in Asian Indian communities in northern California. Ethn Dis. 2004;14(4):497-504. (Pubitemid 39445570)
22. Marmot M, Shipley M, Brunner E, Hemingway H. Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55(5):301-307. (Pubitemid 32336968)
23. Anand SS, Yusuf S, Vuksan V, et al. Differences in risk factors, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in Canada: the Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE). Lancet. 2000;356(9226):279-284. (Pubitemid 30459585)
24. McKeigue PM, Miller GJ, Marmot MG. Coronary heart disease in south Asians overseas: a review. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(7):597-609. (Pubitemid 19190639)
25. Abate N, Chandalia M. The impact of ethnicity on type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2003;17(1):39-58.
26. Syme SL, Berkman LF. Social class, susceptibility and sickness. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104(1):1-8.
27. Rowley KG, Best JD, McDermott R, Green EA, Piers LS, O'Dea K. Insulin resistance syndrome in Australian aboriginal people. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol . 1997;24(9-10):776-781. (Pubitemid 27376244)
28. Gupta N. Sociodemographic profile. In: Association SAPH, ed. A Brown Paper: The Health of South Asians in the United States. Vol 1. Berkeley, Calif: SAPHA; October 2002.
29. Williams DE, Knowler WC, Smith CJ, et al. The effect of Indian or Anglo dietary preference on the incidence of diabetes in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(5):811-816.
30. Everson SA, Maty SC, Lynch JW, Kaplan GA. Epidemiologic evidence for the relation between socioeconomic status and depression, obesity, and diabetes. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(4):891-895.
31. Robbins JM, Vaccarino V, Zhang H, Kasl SV. Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes in African American and non-Hispanic White women and men: evidence from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(1):76-83. (Pubitemid 32049272)
32. Paeratakul S, Lovejoy JC, Ryan DH, Bray GA. The relation of gender, race and socioeconomic status to obesity and obesity comorbidities in a sample of US adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26(9):1205-1210.
33. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-952. (Pubitemid 39208455)
34. Kagan A, Harris BR, Winkelstein W Jr, et al. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: demographic, physical, dietary and biochemical characteristics. J Chronic Dis. 1974;27(7-8):345-364.
35. Marmot MG, Syme SL. Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese Americans. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104(3):225-247.
36. Pacific Bell. Pacific Bell's 1998 Telephone Penetration Monitoring Report Pacific Bell; 1999.
37. The Council of American Survey Research Organizations. On the definition of response rates. Available at: http://www.casro.org//resprates.cfm.
38. Weiss LJ, Blustein J. Faithful patients: the effect of long-term physician-patient relationships on the costs and use of health care by older Americans. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:1742-1747. (Pubitemid 27045299)
39. Bindman AB, Grumbach K, Osmond D, Vranizan K, Stewart AL. Primary care and receipt of preventive services. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11:269-275. (Pubitemid 26174597)
40. Ettner SL. The timing of preventive services for women and children: the effect of having a usual source of care. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:1748-1754. (Pubitemid 27045300)