메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 747-764

Recent advances in non-invasive prenatal DNA diagnosis through analysis of maternal blood

Author keywords

Cell free DNA; Fetal cell; Maternal blood; Non invasive prenatal diagnosis; Nucleated erythrocyte

Indexed keywords

LECTIN;

EID: 36048942020     PISSN: 13418076     EISSN: 14470756     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00652.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (181)
  • 3
    • 0028258978 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of limb reduction defects in babies exposed to chorionic villus sampling
    • [see comments].
    • Firth HV, Boyd PA, Chamberlain PF, MacKenzie IZ, Morriss-Kay GM, Huson SM. Analysis of limb reduction defects in babies exposed to chorionic villus sampling [see comments]. Lancet 1994 343 : 1069 1071.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1069-1071
    • Firth, H.V.1    Boyd, P.A.2    Chamberlain, P.F.3    MacKenzie, I.Z.4    Morriss-Kay, G.M.5    Huson, S.M.6
  • 4
    • 0023726523 scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy
    • Wald NJ, Cuckle HS, Densem JW et al. Maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy. BMJ 1988 297 : 883 887.
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.297 , pp. 883-887
    • Wald, N.J.1    Cuckle, H.S.2    Densem, J.W.3
  • 5
    • 0030027962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker
    • (Published erratum appears in Prenat Diagn 1997; 17: 285-290.)
    • Wald NJ, Densem JW, George L, Muttukrishna S, Knight PG. Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker. (Published erratum appears in Prenat Diagn 1997; 17: 285-290.) Prenat Diagn 1996 16 : 143 153.
    • (1996) Prenat Diagn , vol.16 , pp. 143-153
    • Wald, N.J.1    Densem, J.W.2    George, L.3    Muttukrishna, S.4    Knight, P.G.5
  • 6
    • 0032146382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Fetal Medicine Foundation First Trimester Screening Group [see comments].
    • Snijders RJ, Noble P, Sebire N, Souka A, Nicolaides KH. UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Fetal Medicine Foundation First Trimester Screening Group [see comments]. Lancet 1998 352 : 343 346.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 343-346
    • Snijders, R.J.1    Noble, P.2    Sebire, N.3    Souka, A.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 7
    • 0035904786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: An observational study
    • Cicero S, Curcio P, Papageorghiou A, Sonek J, Nicolaides K. Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: an observational study. Lancet 2001 358 : 1665 1667.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1665-1667
    • Cicero, S.1    Curcio, P.2    Papageorghiou, A.3    Sonek, J.4    Nicolaides, K.5
  • 9
    • 84957852098 scopus 로고
    • Les acides nucleiques du plasma sanguin chez l'homme
    • Mandel P, Metais P. Les acides nucleiques du plasma sanguin chez l'homme. CR Acad Sci Paris 1948 142 : 241 243.
    • (1948) CR Acad Sci Paris , vol.142 , pp. 241-243
    • Mandel, P.1    Metais, P.2
  • 10
    • 0013964845 scopus 로고
    • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and antibodies to DNA in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Tan EM, Schur PH, Carr RI, Kunkel HG. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and antibodies to DNA in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 1966 45 : 1732 1740.
    • (1966) J Clin Invest , vol.45 , pp. 1732-1740
    • Tan, E.M.1    Schur, P.H.2    Carr, R.I.3    Kunkel, H.G.4
  • 12
    • 0017360626 scopus 로고
    • Free DNA in the serum of cancer patients and the effect of therapy
    • Leon SA, Shapiro B, Sklaroff DM, Yaros MJ. Free DNA in the serum of cancer patients and the effect of therapy. Cancer Res 1977 37 : 646 650.
    • (1977) Cancer Res , vol.37 , pp. 646-650
    • Leon, S.A.1    Shapiro, B.2    Sklaroff, D.M.3    Yaros, M.J.4
  • 13
    • 0029836445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite alterations in serum DNA of head and neck cancer patients
    • Nawroz H, Koch W, Anker P, Stroun M, Sidransky D. Microsatellite alterations in serum DNA of head and neck cancer patients. Nat Med 1996 2 : 1035 1037.
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 1035-1037
    • Nawroz, H.1    Koch, W.2    Anker, P.3    Stroun, M.4    Sidransky, D.5
  • 14
    • 0029821872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite alterations in plasma DNA of small cell lung cancer patients
    • Chen XQ, Stroun M, Magnenat JL et al. Microsatellite alterations in plasma DNA of small cell lung cancer patients. Nat Med 1996 2 : 1033 1035.
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 1033-1035
    • Chen, X.Q.1    Stroun, M.2    Magnenat, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 0342618532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum
    • Lo YM, Corbetta N, Chamberlain PF et al. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet 1997 350 : 485 487.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 485-487
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Corbetta, N.2    Chamberlain, P.F.3
  • 16
    • 0347898005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum: Implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
    • Lo YM, Tein MS, Lau TK et al. Quantitative analysis of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum: implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Am J Hum Genet 1998 62 : 768 775.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.62 , pp. 768-775
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Tein, M.S.2    Lau, T.K.3
  • 17
    • 0034821298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of fetal gender determination by analysis of DNA in maternal plasma
    • Sekizawa A, Kondo T, Iwasaki M et al. Accuracy of fetal gender determination by analysis of DNA in maternal plasma. Clin Chem 2001 47 : 1856 1858.
    • (2001) Clin Chem , vol.47 , pp. 1856-1858
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Kondo, T.2    Iwasaki, M.3
  • 19
    • 0032506669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD status by molecular analysis of maternal plasma
    • Lo YM, Hjelm NM, Fidler C et al. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD status by molecular analysis of maternal plasma. N Engl J Med 1998 339 : 1734 1738.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1734-1738
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Hjelm, N.M.2    Fidler, C.3
  • 20
    • 0032754195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of fetal-derived paternally inherited X-chromosome polymorphisms in maternal plasma
    • Tang NL, Leung TN, Zhang J, Lau TK, Lo YM. Detection of fetal-derived paternally inherited X-chromosome polymorphisms in maternal plasma. Clin Chem 1999 45 : 2033 2035.
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 2033-2035
    • Tang, N.L.1    Leung, T.N.2    Zhang, J.3    Lau, T.K.4    Lo, Y.M.5
  • 21
    • 33750391152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of fetal DNA in maternal serum during the first trimester of pregnancy by the use of a DAZ repetitive probe
    • Stanghellini I, Bertorelli R, Capone L et al. Quantitation of fetal DNA in maternal serum during the first trimester of pregnancy by the use of a DAZ repetitive probe. Mol Hum Reprod 2006 12 : 587 591.
    • (2006) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.12 , pp. 587-591
    • Stanghellini, I.1    Bertorelli, R.2    Capone, L.3
  • 22
    • 0037341393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replicate real-time PCR testing of DNA in maternal plasma increases the sensitivity of non-invasive fetal sex determination
    • Hromadnikova I, Houbova B, Hridelova D et al. Replicate real-time PCR testing of DNA in maternal plasma increases the sensitivity of non-invasive fetal sex determination. Prenat Diagn 2003 23 : 235 238.
    • (2003) Prenat Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 235-238
    • Hromadnikova, I.1    Houbova, B.2    Hridelova, D.3
  • 23
    • 29544450593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions by non-invasive determination of fetal sex in early pregnancy
    • Hyett JA, Gardener G, Stojilkovic-Mikic T et al. Reduction in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions by non-invasive determination of fetal sex in early pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 2005 25 : 1111 1116.
    • (2005) Prenat Diagn , vol.25 , pp. 1111-1116
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Gardener, G.2    Stojilkovic-Mikic, T.3
  • 24
    • 33645000458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive first trimester determination of fetal gender: A new approach for prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia
    • Chi C, Hyett JA, Finning KM, Lee CA, Kadir RA. Non-invasive first trimester determination of fetal gender: a new approach for prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia. BJOG 2006 113 : 239 242.
    • (2006) BJOG , vol.113 , pp. 239-242
    • Chi, C.1    Hyett, J.A.2    Finning, K.M.3    Lee, C.A.4    Kadir, R.A.5
  • 25
    • 0033655693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prions and transfusion medicine
    • Budka H. Prions and transfusion medicine. Vox Sang 2000 78 (Suppl 2 231 238.
    • (2000) Vox Sang , vol.782 , pp. 231-238
    • Budka, H.1
  • 26
    • 25444479790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal Rhesus D: Ready for Prime(r) Time
    • Bianchi DW, Avent ND, Costa JM, van der Schoot CE. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal Rhesus D: ready for Prime(r) Time. Obstet Gynecol 2005 106 : 841 844.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , pp. 841-844
    • Bianchi, D.W.1    Avent, N.D.2    Costa, J.M.3    Van Der Schoot, C.E.4
  • 27
    • 26944483571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive determination of fetal RHD status by examination of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma
    • Brojer E, Zupanska B, Guz K, Orzinska A, Kalinska A. Noninvasive determination of fetal RHD status by examination of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. Transfusion 2005 45 : 1473 1480.
    • (2005) Transfusion , vol.45 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Brojer, E.1    Zupanska, B.2    Guz, K.3    Orzinska, A.4    Kalinska, A.5
  • 28
    • 0030916939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising the sensitivity of fetal RhD typing and sex determination from maternal blood
    • Hengstschlager M, Holzl G, Ulm B, Bernaschek G. Raising the sensitivity of fetal RhD typing and sex determination from maternal blood. J Med Genet 1997 34 : 350 351.
    • (1997) J Med Genet , vol.34 , pp. 350-351
    • Hengstschlager, M.1    Holzl, G.2    Ulm, B.3    Bernaschek, G.4
  • 31
    • 0034734711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal DNA diagnosis of a single-gene disorder from maternal plasma
    • Saito H, Sekizawa A, Morimoto T, Suzuki M, Yanaihara T. Prenatal DNA diagnosis of a single-gene disorder from maternal plasma. Lancet 2000 356 : 1170.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1170
    • Saito, H.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Morimoto, T.3    Suzuki, M.4    Yanaihara, T.5
  • 32
    • 0027964261 scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 cause the most common genetic form of dwarfism, achondroplasia
    • Shiang R, Thompson L, Zhu Y et al. Mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 cause the most common genetic form of dwarfism, achondroplasia. Cell 1994 78 : 335 342.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 335-342
    • Shiang, R.1    Thompson, L.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 33
    • 9644273981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved prenatal detection of a fetal point mutation for achondroplasia by the use of size-fractionated circulatory DNA in maternal plasma - Case report
    • Li Y, Holzgreve W, Page-Christiaens GC, Gille JJ, Hahn S. Improved prenatal detection of a fetal point mutation for achondroplasia by the use of size-fractionated circulatory DNA in maternal plasma - case report. Prenat Diagn 2004 24 : 896 898.
    • (2004) Prenat Diagn , vol.24 , pp. 896-898
    • Li, Y.1    Holzgreve, W.2    Page-Christiaens, G.C.3    Gille, J.J.4    Hahn, S.5
  • 34
    • 0033968645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy using fetal DNA obtained from maternal plasma
    • Amicucci P, Gennarelli M, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B. Prenatal diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy using fetal DNA obtained from maternal plasma. Clin Chem 2000 46 : 301 302.
    • (2000) Clin Chem , vol.46 , pp. 301-302
    • Amicucci, P.1    Gennarelli, M.2    Novelli, G.3    Dallapiccola, B.4
  • 35
    • 1842503944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in sensitivity of allele-specific PCR facilitates reliable noninvasive prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis
    • Nasis O, Thompson S, Hong T et al. Improvement in sensitivity of allele-specific PCR facilitates reliable noninvasive prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis. Clin Chem 2004 50 : 694 701.
    • (2004) Clin Chem , vol.50 , pp. 694-701
    • Nasis, O.1    Thompson, S.2    Hong, T.3
  • 36
    • 0036797932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal detection of a cystic fibrosis mutation in fetal DNA from maternal plasma
    • Gonzalez-Gonzalez MC, Garcia-Hoyos M, Trujillo MJ et al. Prenatal detection of a cystic fibrosis mutation in fetal DNA from maternal plasma. Prenat Diagn 2002 22 : 946 948.
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 946-948
    • Gonzalez-Gonzalez, M.C.1    Garcia-Hoyos, M.2    Trujillo, M.J.3
  • 37
    • 0037406282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid screening of multiple beta-globin gene mutations by real-time PCR on the LightCycler: Application to carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes
    • Vrettou C, Traeger-Synodinos J, Tzetis M, Malamis G, Kanavakis E. Rapid screening of multiple beta-globin gene mutations by real-time PCR on the LightCycler: application to carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 769 776.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 769-776
    • Vrettou, C.1    Traeger-Synodinos, J.2    Tzetis, M.3    Malamis, G.4    Kanavakis, E.5
  • 38
    • 13844269123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of paternally inherited fetal point mutations for beta-thalassemia using size-fractionated cell-free DNA in maternal plasma
    • Li Y, Di Naro E, Vitucci A, Zimmermann B, Holzgreve W, Hahn S. Detection of paternally inherited fetal point mutations for beta-thalassemia using size-fractionated cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. JAMA 2005 293 : 843 849.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 843-849
    • Li, Y.1    Di Naro, E.2    Vitucci, A.3    Zimmermann, B.4    Holzgreve, W.5    Hahn, S.6
  • 39
    • 0037190608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exclusion of beta thalassaemia major by examination of maternal plasma
    • Chiu RW, Lau TK, Leung TN, Chow KC, Chui DH, Lo YM. Prenatal exclusion of beta thalassaemia major by examination of maternal plasma. Lancet 2002 360 : 998 1000.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 998-1000
    • Chiu, R.W.1    Lau, T.K.2    Leung, T.N.3    Chow, K.C.4    Chui, D.H.5    Lo, Y.M.6
  • 40
    • 0036231537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive prenatal exclusion of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by maternal plasma analysis: A feasibility study
    • Chiu RW, Lau TK, Cheung PT, Gong ZQ, Leung TN, Lo YM. Noninvasive prenatal exclusion of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by maternal plasma analysis: a feasibility study. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 778 780.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 778-780
    • Chiu, R.W.1    Lau, T.K.2    Cheung, P.T.3    Gong, Z.Q.4    Leung, T.N.5    Lo, Y.M.6
  • 41
    • 0036140193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential DNA methylation between fetus and mother as a strategy for detecting fetal DNA in maternal plasma
    • Poon LL, Leung TN, Lau TK, Chow KC, Lo YM. Differential DNA methylation between fetus and mother as a strategy for detecting fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 35 41.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 35-41
    • Poon, L.L.1    Leung, T.N.2    Lau, T.K.3    Chow, K.C.4    Lo, Y.M.5
  • 42
    • 0032992867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative abnormalities of fetal DNA in maternal serum in preeclampsia
    • Lo YM, Leung TN, Tein MS et al. Quantitative abnormalities of fetal DNA in maternal serum in preeclampsia. Clin Chem 1999 45 : 184 188.
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 184-188
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Leung, T.N.2    Tein, M.S.3
  • 43
    • 0034751779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulatory fetal and maternal DNA in pregnancies at risk and those affected by preeclampsia
    • Zhong XY, Holzgreve W, Hahn S. Circulatory fetal and maternal DNA in pregnancies at risk and those affected by preeclampsia. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001 945 : 138 140.
    • (2001) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.945 , pp. 138-140
    • Zhong, X.Y.1    Holzgreve, W.2    Hahn, S.3
  • 44
    • 0037325049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-free fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women with severe fetal growth restriction
    • Sekizawa A, Jimbo M, Saito H et al. Cell-free fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women with severe fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 188 : 480 484.
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 480-484
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Jimbo, M.2    Saito, H.3
  • 45
    • 0037903785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-free fetal DNA concentration in plasma of patients with abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveform and intrauterine growth restriction - A pilot study
    • Caramelli E, Rizzo N, Concu M et al. Cell-free fetal DNA concentration in plasma of patients with abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveform and intrauterine growth restriction - a pilot study. Prenat Diagn 2003 23 : 367 371.
    • (2003) Prenat Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 367-371
    • Caramelli, E.1    Rizzo, N.2    Concu, M.3
  • 46
    • 0035814640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia
    • Roberts JM, Cooper DW. Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2001 357 : 53 56.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 53-56
    • Roberts, J.M.1    Cooper, D.W.2
  • 47
    • 0042827519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bidirectional transfer of plasma DNA through placenta
    • Sekizawa A, Yokokawa K, Sugito Y et al. Evaluation of bidirectional transfer of plasma DNA through placenta. Hum Genet 2003 113 : 307 310.
    • (2003) Hum Genet , vol.113 , pp. 307-310
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Yokokawa, K.2    Sugito, Y.3
  • 48
    • 18744415967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal DNA clearance from maternal plasma is impaired in preeclampsia
    • Lau TW, Leung TN, Chan LY et al. Fetal DNA clearance from maternal plasma is impaired in preeclampsia. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 2141 2146.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 2141-2146
    • Lau, T.W.1    Leung, T.N.2    Chan, L.Y.3
  • 49
    • 1642451702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria and hypertension are independent factors affecting fetal DNA values: A retrospective analysis of affected and unaffected patients
    • Sekizawa A, Farina A, Sugito Y et al. Proteinuria and hypertension are independent factors affecting fetal DNA values: a retrospective analysis of affected and unaffected patients. Clin Chem 2004 50 : 221 224.
    • (2004) Clin Chem , vol.50 , pp. 221-224
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Farina, A.2    Sugito, Y.3
  • 50
    • 4644323244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-globin DNA in maternal plasma as a molecular marker of preeclampsia
    • Sekizawa A, Farina A, Koide K et al. Beta-globin DNA in maternal plasma as a molecular marker of preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn 2004 24 : 697 700.
    • (2004) Prenat Diagn , vol.24 , pp. 697-700
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Farina, A.2    Koide, K.3
  • 51
    • 0032512311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal plasma fetal DNA as a marker for preterm labour
    • Leung TN, Zhang J, Lau TK, Hjelm NM, Lo YM. Maternal plasma fetal DNA as a marker for preterm labour. Lancet 1998 352 : 1904 1905.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1904-1905
    • Leung, T.N.1    Zhang, J.2    Lau, T.K.3    Hjelm, N.M.4    Lo, Y.M.5
  • 52
    • 1542380964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal DNA in maternal plasma as a screening variable for preeclampsia. a preliminary nonparametric analysis of detection rate in low-risk nonsymptomatic patients
    • Farina A, Sekizawa A, Sugito Y et al. Fetal DNA in maternal plasma as a screening variable for preeclampsia. A preliminary nonparametric analysis of detection rate in low-risk nonsymptomatic patients. Prenat Diagn 2004 24 : 83 86.
    • (2004) Prenat Diagn , vol.24 , pp. 83-86
    • Farina, A.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Sugito, Y.3
  • 53
    • 4644322017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total cell-free DNA (beta-globin gene) distribution in maternal plasma at the second trimester: A new prospective for preeclampsia screening
    • Farina A, Sekizawa A, Iwasaki M, Matsuoka R, Ichizuka K, Okai T. Total cell-free DNA (beta-globin gene) distribution in maternal plasma at the second trimester: a new prospective for preeclampsia screening. Prenat Diagn 2004 24 : 722 726.
    • (2004) Prenat Diagn , vol.24 , pp. 722-726
    • Farina, A.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Iwasaki, M.3    Matsuoka, R.4    Ichizuka, K.5    Okai, T.6
  • 54
    • 0035201589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-free fetal DNA is increased in plasma of women with hyperemesis gravidarum
    • Sekizawa A, Sugito Y, Iwasaki M et al. Cell-free fetal DNA is increased in plasma of women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Chem 2001 47 : 2164 2165.
    • (2001) Clin Chem , vol.47 , pp. 2164-2165
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Sugito, Y.2    Iwasaki, M.3
  • 55
    • 0141838946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between severity of hyperemesis gravidarum and fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma
    • Sugito Y, Sekizawa A, Farina A et al. Relationship between severity of hyperemesis gravidarum and fetal DNA concentration in maternal plasma. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 1667 1669.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 1667-1669
    • Sugito, Y.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Farina, A.3
  • 56
    • 0033603884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying immunologic states during pregnancy: Possible association of the sympathetic nervous system
    • Minagawa M, Narita J, Tada T et al. Mechanisms underlying immunologic states during pregnancy: possible association of the sympathetic nervous system. Cell Immunol 1999 196 : 1 13.
    • (1999) Cell Immunol , vol.196 , pp. 1-13
    • Minagawa, M.1    Narita, J.2    Tada, T.3
  • 57
    • 0036156063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cell-free fetal DNA in plasma of two women with invasive placenta
    • Sekizawa A, Jimbo M, Saito H et al. Increased cell-free fetal DNA in plasma of two women with invasive placenta. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 353 354.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 353-354
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Jimbo, M.2    Saito, H.3
  • 58
    • 0041441087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placenta increta: Postpartum monitoring of plasma cell-free fetal DNA
    • Jimbo M, Sekizawa A, Sugito Y et al. Placenta increta: postpartum monitoring of plasma cell-free fetal DNA. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 1540 1541.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 1540-1541
    • Jimbo, M.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Sugito, Y.3
  • 59
    • 22144459608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of fetal cell-free DNA in maternal serum: A Risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery
    • Farina A, LeShane E, Romero R et al. High levels of fetal cell-free DNA in maternal serum: a Risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005 193 : 421 425.
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.193 , pp. 421-425
    • Farina, A.1    Leshane, E.2    Romero, R.3
  • 60
    • 0032855554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fetal DNA concentrations in the plasma of pregnant women carrying fetuses with trisomy 21
    • Lo YM, Lau TK, Zhang J et al. Increased fetal DNA concentrations in the plasma of pregnant women carrying fetuses with trisomy 21. Clin Chem 1999 45 : 1747 1751.
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 1747-1751
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Lau, T.K.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 62
    • 0037305369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cell-free fetal DNA as a second-trimester maternal serum marker of Down syndrome pregnancy
    • Farina A, LeShane ES, Lambert-Messerlian GM et al. Evaluation of cell-free fetal DNA as a second-trimester maternal serum marker of Down syndrome pregnancy. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 239 242.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 239-242
    • Farina, A.1    Leshane, E.S.2    Lambert-Messerlian, G.M.3
  • 63
    • 0035102836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of fetal DNA in maternal serum in normal and aneuploid pregnancies
    • Ohashi Y, Miharu N, Honda H, Samura O, Ohama K. Quantitation of fetal DNA in maternal serum in normal and aneuploid pregnancies. Hum Genet 2001 108 : 123 127.
    • (2001) Hum Genet , vol.108 , pp. 123-127
    • Ohashi, Y.1    Miharu, N.2    Honda, H.3    Samura, O.4    Ohama, K.5
  • 64
    • 0041556298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of DNA levels in maternal plasma in normal and Down syndrome pregnancies
    • Hromadnikova I, Houbova B, Hridelova D et al. Quantitative analysis of DNA levels in maternal plasma in normal and Down syndrome pregnancies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2002 2 : 4.
    • (2002) BMC Pregnancy Childbirth , vol.2 , pp. 4
    • Hromadnikova, I.1    Houbova, B.2    Hridelova, D.3
  • 65
    • 0042266223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased total cell-free DNA in the serum of pregnant women carrying a fetus affected by trisomy 21
    • Spencer K, de Kok JB, Swinkels DW. Increased total cell-free DNA in the serum of pregnant women carrying a fetus affected by trisomy 21. Prenat Diagn 2003 23 : 580 583.
    • (2003) Prenat Diagn , vol.23 , pp. 580-583
    • Spencer, K.1    De Kok, J.B.2    Swinkels, D.W.3
  • 67
    • 0036720970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of fetal nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood: Apoptosis is induced by maternal oxygen concentration
    • Kondo T, Sekizawa A, Saito H, Jimbo M, Sugito Y, Okai T. Fate of fetal nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood: apoptosis is induced by maternal oxygen concentration. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 1618 1620.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 1618-1620
    • Kondo, T.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Saito, H.3    Jimbo, M.4    Sugito, Y.5    Okai, T.6
  • 68
    • 0029074347 scopus 로고
    • Plasma DNA as a marker of cancerous cell death. Investigations in patients suffering from lung cancer and in nude mice bearing human tumours
    • Fournie GJ, Courtin JP, Laval F et al. Plasma DNA as a marker of cancerous cell death. Investigations in patients suffering from lung cancer and in nude mice bearing human tumours. Cancer Lett 1995 91 : 221 227.
    • (1995) Cancer Lett , vol.91 , pp. 221-227
    • Fournie, G.J.1    Courtin, J.P.2    Laval, F.3
  • 69
    • 0031815875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-free DNA in human blood plasma: Length measurements in patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls
    • Giacona MB, Ruben GC, Iczkowski KA, Roos TB, Porter DM, Sorenson GD. Cell-free DNA in human blood plasma: length measurements in patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls. Pancreas 1998 17 : 89 97.
    • (1998) Pancreas , vol.17 , pp. 89-97
    • Giacona, M.B.1    Ruben, G.C.2    Iczkowski, K.A.3    Roos, T.B.4    Porter, D.M.5    Sorenson, G.D.6
  • 70
    • 23044431709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-free DNA in serum and plasma: Comparison of ELISA and quantitative PCR
    • Holdenrieder S, Stieber P, Chan LY et al. Cell-free DNA in serum and plasma: comparison of ELISA and quantitative PCR. Clin Chem 2005 51 : 1544 1546.
    • (2005) Clin Chem , vol.51 , pp. 1544-1546
    • Holdenrieder, S.1    Stieber, P.2    Chan, L.Y.3
  • 71
    • 0037230512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cell-free plasma DNA concentrations in maternal blood are stable 24 hours after collection: Analysis of first- and third-trimester samples
    • Angert RM, LeShane ES, Lo YM, Chan LY, Delli-Bovi LC, Bianchi DW. Fetal cell-free plasma DNA concentrations in maternal blood are stable 24 hours after collection: analysis of first- and third-trimester samples. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 195 198.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 195-198
    • Angert, R.M.1    Leshane, E.S.2    Lo, Y.M.3    Chan, L.Y.4    Delli-Bovi, L.C.5    Bianchi, D.W.6
  • 72
    • 0036854225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating erythroblasts in maternal blood are not elevated before onset of preterm labor
    • Hoesli I, Danek M, Lin D, Li Y, Hahn S, Holzgreve W. Circulating erythroblasts in maternal blood are not elevated before onset of preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 2002 100 : 992 996.
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.100 , pp. 992-996
    • Hoesli, I.1    Danek, M.2    Lin, D.3    Li, Y.4    Hahn, S.5    Holzgreve, W.6
  • 73
    • 0001538134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of human placental implantation: Clinical implications of our current understanding
    • Loke YW, King A. Immunology of human placental implantation: clinical implications of our current understanding. Mol Med Today 1997 3 : 153 159.
    • (1997) Mol Med Today , vol.3 , pp. 153-159
    • Loke, Y.W.1    King, A.2
  • 74
    • 0036153117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased apoptosis in the syncytiotrophoblast in human term placentas complicated by either preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation
    • Ishihara N, Matsuo H, Murakoshi H, Laoag-Fernandez JB, Samoto T, Maruo T. Increased apoptosis in the syncytiotrophoblast in human term placentas complicated by either preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002 186 : 158 166.
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.186 , pp. 158-166
    • Ishihara, N.1    Matsuo, H.2    Murakoshi, H.3    Laoag-Fernandez, J.B.4    Samoto, T.5    Maruo, T.6
  • 75
    • 0035686617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of fetal cellular and cell-free DNA in the maternal circulation during and after pregnancy: Implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
    • Ariga H, Ohto H, Busch MP et al. Kinetics of fetal cellular and cell-free DNA in the maternal circulation during and after pregnancy: implications for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Transfusion 2001 41 : 1524 1530.
    • (2001) Transfusion , vol.41 , pp. 1524-1530
    • Ariga, H.1    Ohto, H.2    Busch, M.P.3
  • 76
    • 0032807964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental apoptosis is increased in post-term pregnancies
    • Smith SC, Baker PN. Placental apoptosis is increased in post-term pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999 106 : 861 862.
    • (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.106 , pp. 861-862
    • Smith, S.C.1    Baker, P.N.2
  • 77
    • 0036153473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of fetal DNA and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in second-trimester maternal serum
    • Ohashi Y, Miharu N, Honda H, Samura O, Ohama K. Correlation of fetal DNA and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in second-trimester maternal serum. Clin Chem 2002 48 : 386 388.
    • (2002) Clin Chem , vol.48 , pp. 386-388
    • Ohashi, Y.1    Miharu, N.2    Honda, H.3    Samura, O.4    Ohama, K.5
  • 78
    • 0037447089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRNA of placental origin is readily detectable in maternal plasma
    • Ng EK, Tsui NB, Lau TK et al. mRNA of placental origin is readily detectable in maternal plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003 100 : 4748 4753.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4748-4753
    • Ng, E.K.1    Tsui, N.B.2    Lau, T.K.3
  • 79
    • 0242432340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concentration of circulating corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in maternal plasma is increased in preeclampsia
    • Ng EK, Leung TN, Tsui NB et al. The concentration of circulating corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in maternal plasma is increased in preeclampsia. Clin Chem 2003 49 : 727 731.
    • (2003) Clin Chem , vol.49 , pp. 727-731
    • Ng, E.K.1    Leung, T.N.2    Tsui, N.B.3
  • 80
    • 23844476733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental volume, as measured by 3-dimensional sonography and levels of maternal plasma cell-free fetal DNA
    • Wataganara T, Metzenbauer M, Peter I, Johnson KL, Bianchi DW. Placental volume, as measured by 3-dimensional sonography and levels of maternal plasma cell-free fetal DNA. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005 193 : 496 500.
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.193 , pp. 496-500
    • Wataganara, T.1    Metzenbauer, M.2    Peter, I.3    Johnson, K.L.4    Bianchi, D.W.5
  • 83
    • 0028053826 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical relationship between fetus and mother
    • Benirschke K. Anatomical relationship between fetus and mother. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 9 20.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 9-20
    • Benirschke, K.1
  • 85
    • 0021200777 scopus 로고
    • Trophoblast cells in peripheral blood from pregnant women
    • Covone AE, Mutton D, Johnson PM, Adinolfi M. Trophoblast cells in peripheral blood from pregnant women. Lancet 1984 2 : 841 843.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 841-843
    • Covone, A.E.1    Mutton, D.2    Johnson, P.M.3    Adinolfi, M.4
  • 86
    • 0028081357 scopus 로고
    • Isolating and analyzing fetal leukocytes in maternal blood
    • Sargent IL, Choo YS, Redman CW. Isolating and analyzing fetal leukocytes in maternal blood. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 147 153.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 147-153
    • Sargent, I.L.1    Choo, Y.S.2    Redman, C.W.3
  • 88
    • 0023791807 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of peripheral maternal blood samples for the presence of placenta-derived cells using Y-specific probes and McAb H315
    • Covone AE, Kozma R, Johnson PM, Latt SA, Adinolfi M. Analysis of peripheral maternal blood samples for the presence of placenta-derived cells using Y-specific probes and McAb H315. Prenat Diagn 1988 8 : 591 607.
    • (1988) Prenat Diagn , vol.8 , pp. 591-607
    • Covone, A.E.1    Kozma, R.2    Johnson, P.M.3    Latt, S.A.4    Adinolfi, M.5
  • 90
    • 0030858544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcome of chromosomal mosaicism found at the time of chorionic villus sampling
    • discussion 1352. 1353.
    • Goldberg JD, Wohlferd MM. Incidence and outcome of chromosomal mosaicism found at the time of chorionic villus sampling. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 176 : 1349 1352 discussion 1352 1353.
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 1349-1352
    • Goldberg, J.D.1    Wohlferd, M.M.2
  • 91
    • 0025362760 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of fetal trophoblast cells from peripheral blood of pregnant women
    • Mueller UW, Hawes CS, Wright AE et al. Isolation of fetal trophoblast cells from peripheral blood of pregnant women. Lancet 1990 336 : 197 200.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 197-200
    • Mueller, U.W.1    Hawes, C.S.2    Wright, A.E.3
  • 92
    • 0028032953 scopus 로고
    • Detection of paternally inherited mutations for beta-thalassemia in trophoblast isolated from peripheral maternal blood
    • Hawes CS, Suskin HA, Kalionis B et al. Detection of paternally inherited mutations for beta-thalassemia in trophoblast isolated from peripheral maternal blood. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 181 185.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 181-185
    • Hawes, C.S.1    Suskin, H.A.2    Kalionis, B.3
  • 93
    • 0028079998 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of trophoblast-reactive monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry and their application for fetal cell isolation
    • Tse DB, Anderson P, Goldbard S, Gown AM, Hawes CS, Donnenfeld A. Characterization of trophoblast-reactive monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry and their application for fetal cell isolation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 162 169.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 162-169
    • Tse, D.B.1    Anderson, P.2    Goldbard, S.3    Gown, A.M.4    Hawes, C.S.5    Donnenfeld, A.6
  • 94
    • 0014666881 scopus 로고
    • Practical and theoretical implications of fetal-maternal lymphocyte transfer
    • Walknowska J, Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Practical and theoretical implications of fetal-maternal lymphocyte transfer. Lancet 1969 1 : 1119 1122.
    • (1969) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Walknowska, J.1    Conte, F.A.2    Grumbach, M.M.3
  • 95
    • 0016238302 scopus 로고
    • Antenatal fetal sex determination from maternal blood during early pregnancy
    • Grosset L, Barrelet V, Odartchenko N. Antenatal fetal sex determination from maternal blood during early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974 120 : 60 63.
    • (1974) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.120 , pp. 60-63
    • Grosset, L.1    Barrelet, V.2    Odartchenko, N.3
  • 96
    • 0015293928 scopus 로고
    • Fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood
    • Schroder J, De la Chapelle A. Fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood. Blood 1972 39 : 153 162.
    • (1972) Blood , vol.39 , pp. 153-162
    • Schroder, J.1    De La Chapelle, A.2
  • 97
    • 0016784670 scopus 로고
    • Antenatal sex determination in blood from pregnant women
    • Siebers JW, Knauf I, Hillemanns HG. Antenatal sex determination in blood from pregnant women. Humangenetik 1975 28 : 273 280.
    • (1975) Humangenetik , vol.28 , pp. 273-280
    • Siebers, J.W.1    Knauf, I.2    Hillemanns, H.G.3
  • 98
    • 0020335317 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells from maternal blood: Their selection and prospects for use in prenatal diagnosis
    • Parks DR, Herzenberg LA. Fetal cells from maternal blood: their selection and prospects for use in prenatal diagnosis. Methods Cell Biol 1982 26 : 277 295.
    • (1982) Methods Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 277-295
    • Parks, D.R.1    Herzenberg, L.A.2
  • 99
    • 0015399208 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood
    • Schindler AM, Martin-du-Pan R. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood. Obstet Gynecol 1972 40 : 340 346.
    • (1972) Obstet Gynecol , vol.40 , pp. 340-346
    • Schindler, A.M.1    Martin-Du-Pan, R.2
  • 100
    • 0015436398 scopus 로고
    • Some critical aspects on prenatal diagnosis of sex in leucocyte cultures from pregnant women
    • Takahara H, Kadotani T, Kusumi I, Makino S. Some critical aspects on prenatal diagnosis of sex in leucocyte cultures from pregnant women. Proc Jpn Acad 1972 48 : 603 607.
    • (1972) Proc Jpn Acad , vol.48 , pp. 603-607
    • Takahara, H.1    Kadotani, T.2    Kusumi, I.3    Makino, S.4
  • 102
    • 0016681930 scopus 로고
    • Are fetal cells in maternal blood mainly B lymphocytes?
    • Schroder J. Are fetal cells in maternal blood mainly B lymphocytes? Scand J Immunol 1975 4 : 279 285.
    • (1975) Scand J Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 279-285
    • Schroder, J.1
  • 103
    • 0017642013 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in the maternal blood. Lack of response of fetal cells in maternal blood to mitogens and mixed leukocyte culture
    • Schroder J, Schroder E, Cann HM. Fetal cells in the maternal blood. Lack of response of fetal cells in maternal blood to mitogens and mixed leukocyte culture. Hum Genet 1977 38 : 91 97.
    • (1977) Hum Genet , vol.38 , pp. 91-97
    • Schroder, J.1    Schroder, E.2    Cann, H.M.3
  • 104
    • 0000013851 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in the blood of pregnant women: Detection and enrichment by fluorescence-activated cell sorting
    • Herzenberg LA, Bianchi DW, Schroder J, Cann HM, Iverson GM. Fetal cells in the blood of pregnant women: detection and enrichment by fluorescence- activated cell sorting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979 76 : 1453 1455.
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.76 , pp. 1453-1455
    • Herzenberg, L.A.1    Bianchi, D.W.2    Schroder, J.3    Cann, H.M.4    Iverson, G.M.5
  • 105
    • 0019480276 scopus 로고
    • Detection and isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood using the flourescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)
    • Iverson GM, Bianchi DW, Cann HM, Herzenberg LA. Detection and isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood using the flourescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Prenat Diagn 1981 1 : 61 73.
    • (1981) Prenat Diagn , vol.1 , pp. 61-73
    • Iverson, G.M.1    Bianchi, D.W.2    Cann, H.M.3    Herzenberg, L.A.4
  • 106
    • 0027301041 scopus 로고
    • Inability to detect fetal metaphases in flow-sorted lymphocyte cultures based on maternal-fetal HLA differences
    • Tharapel AT, Jaswaney VL, Dockter ME et al. Inability to detect fetal metaphases in flow-sorted lymphocyte cultures based on maternal-fetal HLA differences. Fetal Diagn Ther 1993 8 : 95 101.
    • (1993) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.8 , pp. 95-101
    • Tharapel, A.T.1    Jaswaney, V.L.2    Dockter, M.E.3
  • 107
    • 0016260760 scopus 로고
    • Fetal leukocytes in the maternal circulation after delivery. I. Cytological aspects
    • Schroder J, Tiilikainen A, De la Chapelle A. Fetal leukocytes in the maternal circulation after delivery. I. Cytological aspects. Transplantation 1974 17 : 346 354.
    • (1974) Transplantation , vol.17 , pp. 346-354
    • Schroder, J.1    Tiilikainen, A.2    De La Chapelle, A.3
  • 108
    • 0027250859 scopus 로고
    • Presence of fetal cells in maternal circulation after delivery
    • Hsieh TT, Pao CC, Hor JJ, Kao SM. Presence of fetal cells in maternal circulation after delivery. Hum Genet 1993 92 : 204 205.
    • (1993) Hum Genet , vol.92 , pp. 204-205
    • Hsieh, T.T.1    Pao, C.C.2    Hor, J.J.3    Kao, S.M.4
  • 109
    • 0017352650 scopus 로고
    • [post-partum survival of fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood]
    • (In French.)
    • Ciaranfi A, Curchod A, Odartchenko N. [Post-partum survival of fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977 107 : 134 138. (In French.)
    • (1977) Schweiz Med Wochenschr , vol.107 , pp. 134-138
    • Ciaranfi, A.1    Curchod, A.2    Odartchenko, N.3
  • 110
    • 0027999953 scopus 로고
    • Presence of cells of fetal origin in maternal circulation of pregnant women
    • Liou JD, Hsieh TT, Pao CC. Presence of cells of fetal origin in maternal circulation of pregnant women. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 237 241.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 237-241
    • Liou, J.D.1    Hsieh, T.T.2    Pao, C.C.3
  • 112
    • 33847439133 scopus 로고
    • [demonstration of fetal hemoglobin in erythrocytes of a blood smear.]
    • (In German.)
    • Kleihauer E, Braun H, Betke K. [Demonstration of fetal hemoglobin in erythrocytes of a blood smear.] Klin Wochenschr 1957 35 : 637 638. (In German.)
    • (1957) Klin Wochenschr , vol.35 , pp. 637-638
    • Kleihauer, E.1    Braun, H.2    Betke, K.3
  • 113
    • 0001121729 scopus 로고
    • Fetal erythrocytes in the maternal circulation of pregnant women
    • Clayton EM Feldhaus WD, Whitacre FE. Fetal erythrocytes in the maternal circulation of pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 1964 23 : 915 919.
    • (1964) Obstet Gynecol , vol.23 , pp. 915-919
    • Clayton, E.M.1    Feldhaus, W.D.2    Whitacre, F.E.3
  • 114
    • 0028295383 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in maternal circulation throughout gestation
    • Ganshirt D, Garritsen H, Miny P, Holzgreve W. Fetal cells in maternal circulation throughout gestation. Lancet 1994 343 : 1038 1039.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1038-1039
    • Ganshirt, D.1    Garritsen, H.2    Miny, P.3    Holzgreve, W.4
  • 115
    • 0014054213 scopus 로고
    • Life-span of the fetal red blood cell
    • Pearson HA. Life-span of the fetal red blood cell. J Pediatr 1967 70 : 166 171.
    • (1967) J Pediatr , vol.70 , pp. 166-171
    • Pearson, H.A.1
  • 118
    • 0028967666 scopus 로고
    • Fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood identified with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using Y-specific probes
    • Von Koskull H, Gahmberg N. Fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood identified with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using Y-specific probes. Prenat Diagn 1995 15 : 149 154.
    • (1995) Prenat Diagn , vol.15 , pp. 149-154
    • Von Koskull, H.1    Gahmberg, N.2
  • 119
    • 0026335272 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in the maternal circulation: Isolation by multiparameter flow cytometry and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction
    • Wachtel S, Elias S, Price J et al. Fetal cells in the maternal circulation: isolation by multiparameter flow cytometry and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction. Hum Reprod 1991 6 : 1466 1469.
    • (1991) Hum Reprod , vol.6 , pp. 1466-1469
    • Wachtel, S.1    Elias, S.2    Price, J.3
  • 120
    • 0026327650 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis with fetal cells isolated from maternal blood by multiparameter flow cytometry
    • Price JO, Elias S, Wachtel SS et al. Prenatal diagnosis with fetal cells isolated from maternal blood by multiparameter flow cytometry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 165 : 1731 1737.
    • (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.165 , pp. 1731-1737
    • Price, J.O.1    Elias, S.2    Wachtel, S.S.3
  • 121
  • 122
    • 0027770943 scopus 로고
    • Detection of fetal trisomies 21 and 18 from maternal blood using triple gradient and magnetic cell sorting
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert D, Borjesson-Stoll R, Burschyk M et al. Detection of fetal trisomies 21 and 18 from maternal blood using triple gradient and magnetic cell sorting. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993 30 : 194 201.
    • (1993) Am J Reprod Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 194-201
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert, D.1    Borjesson-Stoll, R.2    Burschyk, M.3
  • 123
    • 0025283398 scopus 로고
    • Ratio of fetal to maternal DNA is less than 1 in 5000 at different gestational ages in maternal blood
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert D, Pohlschmidt M, Gal A, Miny P, Horst J, Holzgreve W. Ratio of fetal to maternal DNA is less than 1 in 5000 at different gestational ages in maternal blood. Clin Genet 1990 38 : 38 43.
    • (1990) Clin Genet , vol.38 , pp. 38-43
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert, D.1    Pohlschmidt, M.2    Gal, A.3    Miny, P.4    Horst, J.5    Holzgreve, W.6
  • 124
    • 0027261159 scopus 로고
    • Fetal nucleated cells in maternal peripheral blood: Frequency and relationship to gestational age
    • Hamada H, Arinami T, Kubo T, Hamaguchi H, Iwasaki H. Fetal nucleated cells in maternal peripheral blood: frequency and relationship to gestational age. Hum Genet 1993 91 : 427 432.
    • (1993) Hum Genet , vol.91 , pp. 427-432
    • Hamada, H.1    Arinami, T.2    Kubo, T.3    Hamaguchi, H.4    Iwasaki, H.5
  • 126
    • 0028870055 scopus 로고
    • Mid-trimester fetal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood by fluorescence in situ hybridization without enrichment of fetal cells
    • Hamada H, Arinami T, Sohda S, Hamaguchi H, Kubo T. Mid-trimester fetal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood by fluorescence in situ hybridization without enrichment of fetal cells. Prenat Diagn 1995 15 : 78 81.
    • (1995) Prenat Diagn , vol.15 , pp. 78-81
    • Hamada, H.1    Arinami, T.2    Sohda, S.3    Hamaguchi, H.4    Kubo, T.5
  • 127
    • 0029041181 scopus 로고
    • Maternal origin of nucleated erythrocytes in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women
    • Slunga-Tallberg A, el-Rifai W, Keinanen M et al. Maternal origin of nucleated erythrocytes in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women. Hum Genet 1995 96 : 53 57.
    • (1995) Hum Genet , vol.96 , pp. 53-57
    • Slunga-Tallberg, A.1    El-Rifai, W.2    Keinanen, M.3
  • 128
    • 0029945828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal origin of transferrin receptor positive cells in venous blood of pregnant women
    • Slunga-Tallberg A, el-Rifai W, Keinanen M et al. Maternal origin of transferrin receptor positive cells in venous blood of pregnant women. Clin Genet 1996 49 : 196 199.
    • (1996) Clin Genet , vol.49 , pp. 196-199
    • Slunga-Tallberg, A.1    El-Rifai, W.2    Keinanen, M.3
  • 129
    • 0033042174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment, identification and analysis of fetal cells from maternal blood: Evaluation of a prenatal diagnosis system
    • de Graaf IM, Jakobs ME, Leschot NJ, Ravkin I, Goldbard S, Hoovers JM. Enrichment, identification and analysis of fetal cells from maternal blood: evaluation of a prenatal diagnosis system. Prenat Diagn 1999 19 : 648 652.
    • (1999) Prenat Diagn , vol.19 , pp. 648-652
    • De Graaf, I.M.1    Jakobs, M.E.2    Leschot, N.J.3    Ravkin, I.4    Goldbard, S.5    Hoovers, J.M.6
  • 130
    • 0032748776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximately half of the erythroblasts in maternal blood are of fetal origin
    • Troeger C, Zhong XY, Burgemeister R et al. Approximately half of the erythroblasts in maternal blood are of fetal origin. Mol Hum Reprod 1999 5 : 1162 1165.
    • (1999) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.5 , pp. 1162-1165
    • Troeger, C.1    Zhong, X.Y.2    Burgemeister, R.3
  • 131
    • 0028305126 scopus 로고
    • Culture of fetal erythroid cells from maternal peripheral blood
    • Lo YM, Morey AL, Wainscoat JS, Fleming KA. Culture of fetal erythroid cells from maternal peripheral blood. Lancet 1994 344 : 264 265.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 264-265
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Morey, A.L.2    Wainscoat, J.S.3    Fleming, K.A.4
  • 132
    • 0030445302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture of fetal erythroid progenitor cells from maternal blood for non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis
    • Valerio D, Aiello R, Altieri V, Malato AP, Fortunato A, Canazio A. Culture of fetal erythroid progenitor cells from maternal blood for non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 1996 16 : 1073 1082.
    • (1996) Prenat Diagn , vol.16 , pp. 1073-1082
    • Valerio, D.1    Aiello, R.2    Altieri, V.3    Malato, A.P.4    Fortunato, A.5    Canazio, A.6
  • 133
    • 0035171227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal and maternal progenitor cells in co-culture respond equally to erythropoietin
    • Bohmer RM, Johnson KL, Bianchi DW. Fetal and maternal progenitor cells in co-culture respond equally to erythropoietin. Prenat Diagn 2001 21 : 818 823.
    • (2001) Prenat Diagn , vol.21 , pp. 818-823
    • Bohmer, R.M.1    Johnson, K.L.2    Bianchi, D.W.3
  • 134
    • 0036291452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expandability of haemopoietic progenitors in first trimester fetal and maternal blood: Implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis
    • Campagnoli C, Roberts IA, Kumar S et al. Expandability of haemopoietic progenitors in first trimester fetal and maternal blood: implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2002 22 : 463 469.
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 463-469
    • Campagnoli, C.1    Roberts, I.A.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 135
    • 0030639646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maternal immune system's interaction with circulating fetal cells
    • Bonney EA, Matzinger P. The maternal immune system's interaction with circulating fetal cells. J Immunol 1997 158 : 40 47.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 40-47
    • Bonney, E.A.1    Matzinger, P.2
  • 136
    • 0027944169 scopus 로고
    • The time of appearance, and quantitation, of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation
    • Thomas MR, Williamson R, Craft I, Rodeck CH. The time of appearance, and quantitation, of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 217 225.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 217-225
    • Thomas, M.R.1    Williamson, R.2    Craft, I.3    Rodeck, C.H.4
  • 137
    • 0028087337 scopus 로고
    • Y chromosome sequence DNA amplified from peripheral blood of women in early pregnancy
    • Thomas MR, Williamson R, Craft I, Yazdani N, Rodeck CH. Y chromosome sequence DNA amplified from peripheral blood of women in early pregnancy. Lancet 1994 343 : 413 414.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 413-414
    • Thomas, M.R.1    Williamson, R.2    Craft, I.3    Yazdani, N.4    Rodeck, C.H.5
  • 138
    • 0027414212 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Lo YM, Patel P, Baigent CN et al. Prenatal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood using the polymerase chain reaction. Hum Genet 1993 90 : 483 488.
    • (1993) Hum Genet , vol.90 , pp. 483-488
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Patel, P.2    Baigent, C.N.3
  • 139
    • 0025871339 scopus 로고
    • Possible effect of gestational age on the detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood
    • Bianchi DW, Stewart JE, Garber MF, Lucotte G, Flint AF. Possible effect of gestational age on the detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 1991 11 : 523 528.
    • (1991) Prenat Diagn , vol.11 , pp. 523-528
    • Bianchi, D.W.1    Stewart, J.E.2    Garber, M.F.3    Lucotte, G.4    Flint, A.F.5
  • 140
    • 0027960982 scopus 로고
    • Successful prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood with magnetic-activated cell sorting
    • Ganshirt D, Borjesson-Stoll R, Burschyk M et al. Successful prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 103 114.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 103-114
    • Ganshirt, D.1    Borjesson-Stoll, R.2    Burschyk, M.3
  • 141
    • 0025157089 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of placental vasculature in the third-trimester fetus with autosomal trisomy
    • Rochelson B, Kaplan C, Guzman E, Arato M, Hansen K, Trunca C. A quantitative analysis of placental vasculature in the third-trimester fetus with autosomal trisomy. Obstet Gynecol 1990 75 : 59 63.
    • (1990) Obstet Gynecol , vol.75 , pp. 59-63
    • Rochelson, B.1    Kaplan, C.2    Guzman, E.3    Arato, M.4    Hansen, K.5    Trunca, C.6
  • 144
    • 0028902373 scopus 로고
    • Blood transferrin receptor expression in chromosomally abnormal fetuses
    • Thilaganathan B, Meher-Homji NJ, Nicolaides KH. Blood transferrin receptor expression in chromosomally abnormal fetuses. Prenat Diagn 1995 15 : 282 284.
    • (1995) Prenat Diagn , vol.15 , pp. 282-284
    • Thilaganathan, B.1    Meher-Homji, N.J.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 145
    • 0030838851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Search for the optimal fetal cell antibody: Results of immunophenotyping studies using flow cytometry
    • Zheng YL, Zhen DK, DeMaria MA et al. Search for the optimal fetal cell antibody: results of immunophenotyping studies using flow cytometry. Hum Genet 1997 100 : 35 42.
    • (1997) Hum Genet , vol.100 , pp. 35-42
    • Zheng, Y.L.1    Zhen, D.K.2    Demaria, M.A.3
  • 146
    • 0027496707 scopus 로고
    • Isolating fetal cells from maternal blood. Advances in prenatal diagnosis through molecular technology
    • Simpson JL, Elias S. Isolating fetal cells from maternal blood. Advances in prenatal diagnosis through molecular technology. JAMA 1993 270 : 2357 2361.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 2357-2361
    • Simpson, J.L.1    Elias, S.2
  • 148
    • 16744367907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma
    • Nelson JL, Furst DE, Maloney S et al. Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma. Lancet 1998 351 : 559 562.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 559-562
    • Nelson, J.L.1    Furst, D.E.2    Maloney, S.3
  • 149
    • 0029841975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved fetal nucleated erythrocyte sorting purity using intracellular antifetal hemoglobin and Hoechst 33342
    • DeMaria MA, Zheng YL, Zhen D, Weinschenk NM, Vadnais TJ, Bianchi DW. Improved fetal nucleated erythrocyte sorting purity using intracellular antifetal hemoglobin and Hoechst 33342. Cytometry 1996 25 : 37 45.
    • (1996) Cytometry , vol.25 , pp. 37-45
    • Demaria, M.A.1    Zheng, Y.L.2    Zhen, D.3    Weinschenk, N.M.4    Vadnais, T.J.5    Bianchi, D.W.6
  • 150
    • 0032794269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of fetal cell recovery from maternal blood: Suitable density gradient for FACS separation
    • Sekizawa A, Farina A, Zhen DK et al. Improvement of fetal cell recovery from maternal blood: suitable density gradient for FACS separation. Fetal Diagn Ther 1999 14 : 229 233.
    • (1999) Fetal Diagn Ther , vol.14 , pp. 229-233
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Farina, A.2    Zhen, D.K.3
  • 151
    • 0026597715 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic cell sorting and the transferrin receptor as potential means of prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert D, Burschyk M, Garritsen HS et al. Magnetic cell sorting and the transferrin receptor as potential means of prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992 166 : 1350 1355.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.166 , pp. 1350-1355
    • Ganshirt-Ahlert, D.1    Burschyk, M.2    Garritsen, H.S.3
  • 152
    • 0028032951 scopus 로고
    • Use of allele-specific glycophorin a antibodies to enumerate fetal erythroid cells in maternal circulation
    • Bigbee WL, Grant SG. Use of allele-specific glycophorin A antibodies to enumerate fetal erythroid cells in maternal circulation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 128 132.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 128-132
    • Bigbee, W.L.1    Grant, S.G.2
  • 153
    • 0027973465 scopus 로고
    • Simple and fast 'double-MACS' sorting of fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood for PCR-based paternity analysis
    • Busch J, Huber P, Holtz J, Pfluger E, Radbruch A. Simple and fast 'double-MACS' sorting of fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood for PCR-based paternity analysis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 144 146.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 144-146
    • Busch, J.1    Huber, P.2    Holtz, J.3    Pfluger, E.4    Radbruch, A.5
  • 154
    • 0031759676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly-FISH: A technique of repeated hybridizations that improves cytogenetic analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood
    • Zhen DK, Wang JY, Falco VM et al. Poly-FISH: a technique of repeated hybridizations that improves cytogenetic analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 1998 18 : 1181 1185.
    • (1998) Prenat Diagn , vol.18 , pp. 1181-1185
    • Zhen, D.K.1    Wang, J.Y.2    Falco, V.M.3
  • 155
    • 0342632488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nucleated erythrocyte recovery: Fluorescence activated cell sorting-based positive selection using anti-gamma globin versus magnetic activated cell sorting using anti-CD45 depletion and anti- gamma globin positive selection
    • Wang JY, Zhen DK, Falco VM et al. Fetal nucleated erythrocyte recovery: fluorescence activated cell sorting-based positive selection using anti-gamma globin versus magnetic activated cell sorting using anti-CD45 depletion and anti- gamma globin positive selection. Cytometry 2000 39 : 224 230.
    • (2000) Cytometry , vol.39 , pp. 224-230
    • Wang, J.Y.1    Zhen, D.K.2    Falco, V.M.3
  • 157
    • 0032713104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cell recycling: Diagnosis of gender and RhD genotype in the same fetal cell retrieved from maternal blood
    • Sekizawa A, Samura O, Zhen DK, Falco V, Bianchi DW. Fetal cell recycling: diagnosis of gender and RhD genotype in the same fetal cell retrieved from maternal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 181 : 1237 1242.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , pp. 1237-1242
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Samura, O.2    Zhen, D.K.3    Falco, V.4    Bianchi, D.W.5
  • 158
    • 0034071464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fetal cell recovery from maternal blood using a high density gradient for the initial separation step: 1.090 versus 1.119 g/mL
    • Samura O, Sekizawa A, Zhen DK, Falco VM, Bianchi DW. Comparison of fetal cell recovery from maternal blood using a high density gradient for the initial separation step: 1.090 versus 1.119 g/mL. Prenat Diagn 2000 20 : 281 286.
    • (2000) Prenat Diagn , vol.20 , pp. 281-286
    • Samura, O.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Zhen, D.K.3    Falco, V.M.4    Bianchi, D.W.5
  • 159
    • 0036635237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal gender and aneuploidy detection using fetal cells in maternal blood: Analysis of NIFTY I data. National Institute of Child Health and Development Fetal Cell Isolation Study
    • Bianchi DW, Simpson JL, Jackson LG et al. Fetal gender and aneuploidy detection using fetal cells in maternal blood: analysis of NIFTY I data. National Institute of Child Health and Development Fetal Cell Isolation Study. Prenat Diagn 2002 22 : 609 615.
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 609-615
    • Bianchi, D.W.1    Simpson, J.L.2    Jackson, L.G.3
  • 160
    • 0027439381 scopus 로고
    • One-step enrichment of nucleated red blood cells. a potential application in perinatal diagnosis
    • Bhat NM, Bieber MM, Teng NN. One-step enrichment of nucleated red blood cells. A potential application in perinatal diagnosis. J Immunol Meth 1993 158 : 277 280.
    • (1993) J Immunol Meth , vol.158 , pp. 277-280
    • Bhat, N.M.1    Bieber, M.M.2    Teng, N.N.3
  • 162
    • 0035174719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings: An aid to development of first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis
    • Voullaire L, Ioannou P, Nouri S, Williamson R. Fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings: an aid to development of first trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2001 21 : 827 834.
    • (2001) Prenat Diagn , vol.21 , pp. 827-834
    • Voullaire, L.1    Ioannou, P.2    Nouri, S.3    Williamson, R.4
  • 163
    • 0033006331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of different density gradients and antibodies for enrichment of fetal erythroblasts by MACS
    • Troeger C, Holzgreve W, Hahn S. A comparison of different density gradients and antibodies for enrichment of fetal erythroblasts by MACS. Prenat Diagn 1999 19 : 521 526.
    • (1999) Prenat Diagn , vol.19 , pp. 521-526
    • Troeger, C.1    Holzgreve, W.2    Hahn, S.3
  • 164
    • 0035061506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) recovery from maternal blood collected using both layers of a double density gradient
    • Prieto B, Alonso R, Paz A et al. Optimization of nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) recovery from maternal blood collected using both layers of a double density gradient. Prenat Diagn 2001 21 : 187 193.
    • (2001) Prenat Diagn , vol.21 , pp. 187-193
    • Prieto, B.1    Alonso, R.2    Paz, A.3
  • 165
    • 0017165026 scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of erythrocytes of fetal origin from adult-fetal blood mixtures via selective hemolysis of adult blood cells: An aid to antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies
    • Boyer SH, Noyes AN, Boyer ML. Enrichment of erythrocytes of fetal origin from adult-fetal blood mixtures via selective hemolysis of adult blood cells: an aid to antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Blood 1976 47 : 883 897.
    • (1976) Blood , vol.47 , pp. 883-897
    • Boyer, S.H.1    Noyes, A.N.2    Boyer, M.L.3
  • 166
    • 0343051748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in the peripheral blood of pregnant women express thymidine kinase: A new marker for detection
    • Hengstschlager M, Bernaschek G. Fetal cells in the peripheral blood of pregnant women express thymidine kinase: a new marker for detection. FEBS Lett 1997 404 : 299 302.
    • (1997) FEBS Lett , vol.404 , pp. 299-302
    • Hengstschlager, M.1    Bernaschek, G.2
  • 167
    • 0031025619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of antibodies against the human antigen of erythroblasts for the detection of nucleated erythrocytes in the maternal circulation
    • Savion S, Carp H, Shepshelovich J et al. Use of antibodies against the human antigen of erythroblasts for the detection of nucleated erythrocytes in the maternal circulation. Biol Neonate 1997 71 : 126 130.
    • (1997) Biol Neonate , vol.71 , pp. 126-130
    • Savion, S.1    Carp, H.2    Shepshelovich, J.3
  • 168
    • 0031133269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of fetal erythroid cells from maternal blood based on expression of erythropoietin receptors
    • Valerio D, Aiello R, Altieri V. Isolation of fetal erythroid cells from maternal blood based on expression of erythropoietin receptors. Mol Hum Reprod 1997 3 : 451 455.
    • (1997) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.3 , pp. 451-455
    • Valerio, D.1    Aiello, R.2    Altieri, V.3
  • 169
    • 8944252344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cells in maternal blood: Recovery by charge flow separation
    • Wachtel SS, Sammons D, Manley M et al. Fetal cells in maternal blood: recovery by charge flow separation. Hum Genet 1996 98 : 162 166.
    • (1996) Hum Genet , vol.98 , pp. 162-166
    • Wachtel, S.S.1    Sammons, D.2    Manley, M.3
  • 170
    • 0031837144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge flow separation: Quantification of nucleated red blood cells in maternal blood during pregnancy
    • Wachtel SS, Sammons D, Twitty G et al. Charge flow separation: quantification of nucleated red blood cells in maternal blood during pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 1998 18 : 455 463.
    • (1998) Prenat Diagn , vol.18 , pp. 455-463
    • Wachtel, S.S.1    Sammons, D.2    Twitty, G.3
  • 171
    • 0036174198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New technique using galactose-specific lectin for isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood
    • Kitagawa M, Sugiura K, Omi H et al. New technique using galactose-specific lectin for isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 2002 22 : 17 21.
    • (2002) Prenat Diagn , vol.22 , pp. 17-21
    • Kitagawa, M.1    Sugiura, K.2    Omi, H.3
  • 172
    • 14844322197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a soybean lectin-based method for the enrichment of erythroblasts
    • Babochkina T, Mergenthaler S, Lapaire O et al. Evaluation of a soybean lectin-based method for the enrichment of erythroblasts. J Histochem Cytochem 2005 53 : 329 330.
    • (2005) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.53 , pp. 329-330
    • Babochkina, T.1    Mergenthaler, S.2    Lapaire, O.3
  • 173
    • 33745600158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of NRBC in maternal blood: A more feasible method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
    • Purwosunu Y, Sekizawa A, Farina A et al. Enrichment of NRBC in maternal blood: a more feasible method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2006 26 : 545 547.
    • (2006) Prenat Diagn , vol.26 , pp. 545-547
    • Purwosunu, Y.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Farina, A.3
  • 174
    • 0027515693 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood: Simultaneous immunophenotyping and FISH of fetal nucleated erythrocytes isolated by negative magnetic cell sorting
    • Zheng YL, Carter NP, Price CM et al. Prenatal diagnosis from maternal blood: simultaneous immunophenotyping and FISH of fetal nucleated erythrocytes isolated by negative magnetic cell sorting. J Med Genet 1993 30 : 1051 1056.
    • (1993) J Med Genet , vol.30 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Zheng, Y.L.1    Carter, N.P.2    Price, C.M.3
  • 175
    • 0027960981 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous immunophenotyping and FISH on fetal cells from maternal blood
    • Ferguson-Smith MA, Zheng YL, Carter NP. Simultaneous immunophenotyping and FISH on fetal cells from maternal blood. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994 731 : 73 79.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.731 , pp. 73-79
    • Ferguson-Smith, M.A.1    Zheng, Y.L.2    Carter, N.P.3
  • 176
    • 0033905668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female fetal cells in maternal blood: Use of DNA polymorphisms to prove origin
    • Samura O, Pertl B, Sohda S et al. Female fetal cells in maternal blood: use of DNA polymorphisms to prove origin. Hum Genet 2000 107 : 28 32.
    • (2000) Hum Genet , vol.107 , pp. 28-32
    • Samura, O.1    Pertl, B.2    Sohda, S.3
  • 177
    • 21244451870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerous erythroblasts in maternal blood are impervious to fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, a feature related to a dense compact nucleus with apoptotic character
    • Babochkina T, Mergenthaler S, De Napoli G et al. Numerous erythroblasts in maternal blood are impervious to fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, a feature related to a dense compact nucleus with apoptotic character. Haematologica 2005 90 : 740 745.
    • (2005) Haematologica , vol.90 , pp. 740-745
    • Babochkina, T.1    Mergenthaler, S.2    De Napoli, G.3
  • 178
    • 0029992813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a single fetal nucleated erythrocyte in maternal blood
    • Sekizawa A, Kimura T, Sasaki M, Nakamura S, Kobayashi R, Sato T. Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a single fetal nucleated erythrocyte in maternal blood. Neurology 1996 46 : 1350 1353.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1350-1353
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Kimura, T.2    Sasaki, M.3    Nakamura, S.4    Kobayashi, R.5    Sato, T.6
  • 179
    • 0031927282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency by using a single nucleated erythrocyte from maternal blood
    • Watanabe A, Sekizawa A, Taguchi A et al. Prenatal diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency by using a single nucleated erythrocyte from maternal blood. Hum Genet 1998 102 : 611 615.
    • (1998) Hum Genet , vol.102 , pp. 611-615
    • Watanabe, A.1    Sekizawa, A.2    Taguchi, A.3
  • 180
    • 0030293185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia by analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood
    • Cheung MC, Goldberg JD, Kan YW. Prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia by analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood. Nat Genet 1996 14 : 264 268.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 264-268
    • Cheung, M.C.1    Goldberg, J.D.2    Kan, Y.W.3
  • 181
    • 34548809648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of noninvasive fetal DNA diagnosis from nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood
    • Sekizawa A, Purwosunu Y, Farina A et al. Development of noninvasive fetal DNA diagnosis from nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 2007 27 : 846 848.
    • (2007) Prenat Diagn , vol.27 , pp. 846-848
    • Sekizawa, A.1    Purwosunu, Y.2    Farina, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.