The significance of employment for chronic stress and psychological distress among rural single mothers

American Journal of Community Psychology

Volumn 40, Issue 3-4, 2007, Pages 181-193

  Turner, Heather A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression; Employment; Psychological distress; Rural residence; Single mothers; Stress

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BURNOUT; CHRONIC DISEASE; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL STRESS; MOTHER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICS; WORKPLACE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MOTHERS; RURAL POPULATION; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WORKPLACE;

EID: 35948975205     PISSN: 00910562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10464-007-9141-0     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ali, J., & Avison, W. R. (1997). Employment transitions and psychological distress: The contrasting experience of single and married mothers. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 345-362.
2. American Psychological Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Avison, W. R. (1995). Roles and resources: The effects of family structure and employment on women's psychosocial resources and psychological distress. In J. R. Greenley (Ed.), Research in community mental health (vol. 8, pp. 233-256). Greenwich CT: JAI Press.
4. Barnett, R. C., & Marshall, N. L. (1991). The relationship between women's work and family roles and their subjective well-being and psychological distress. In M. Frankenhauser, U. Lundberg, & M. Chesney (Eds.), Women, work, and health (pp. 111-136). New York: Plenum Press.
5. Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1978). Social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorders in women. New York: Free Press.
6. Brown, J. B., & Lichter, D. T. (2004). Poverty, welfare, and the livelihood strategies of non-metropolitan single mothers. Rural Sociology, 69(2), 282-301.
7. Brown, G. W., & Moran, P. M. (1997). Single mothers, poverty and depression. Psychological Medicine, 27, 21-33.
8. Bureau of Economic Analysis (2000). Regional Economic Data, Local Area Personal Income, Table CA25, http://www.bea/bea/regional/reis.
9. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2004). Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Labor Force Data by County, http://stats.bls.gov/lau/home.htm.
10. Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord, D. R., & Racine, Y. (2003). Stress, social support, and depression in single and married mothers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 442-449.
11. Carsey Institute (2006). Northern New England Indicators. University of New Hampshire, http://nneindicators.unh.edu/.
12. Cherlin, A. J. (1999). Public and private families (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
13. Davies, L., Avison, W. R., & McAlpine, D. D. (1997). Significant life experiences and depression among single and married mothers. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 294-308.
14. DeMeis, D. K., & Perkins, H. W. (1996). 'Supermoms' of the nineties: Employed mothers' performance and perceptions of the motherhood role. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 777-792.
15. Divine, P., & Tvedt, K. (2000). Child care and child well-being. Poverty Research News: the Newsletter of the Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research, 4(6), 12-13.
16. Downey, G., & Moen, P. (1987). Personal efficacy, income and family transitions: A longitudinal study of women heading households. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 320-333.
17. Edin, K., & Lein, L. (1997). Work, welfare and single mother's economic survival strategies. American Sociological Review, 62, 253-266.
18. Fletcher, C. N., Flora, J. L., Gaddis, B. J., Winter, M., & Litt, J. S. (2002). Small towns and welfare reform: Iowa case studies of families and communities. In B. Weber, J. G. Duncan, & Whitener (Eds.), Rural dimensions of welfare reform (pp. 201-230). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
19. Fuller, B., Kagan, S. L., Caspery, G. L., & Gauthier, C. A. (2002). Welfare reform and childcare options for low-income families. Future of Children, 12, 97-119.
20. Glenn, N. D., & McLanahan, S. (1982). Children and marital happiness: A further specification of the relationship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 63-72.
21. Gyamfi, P., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Jackson, A. P. (2001). Associations between employment and financial and parental stress in low-income single Black mothers. Women and Health, 32, 119-135.
22. Gove, W. R., & Zeiss, C. (1987). Multiple roles and happiness. In F. J. Crosby (Ed.), Spouse, parent, worker: On gender and multiple roles (pp. 125-137). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
23. Harris, K. M. (1996). Life after welfare: Women, work and repeat dependency. American Sociological Review, 61, 407-426.
24. Hauenstein, E. J., & Boyd, M. R. (1994). Depressive symptoms in young women of the Piedmont: Prevalence in rural women. Women and Health, 21, 105-123.
25. Hope, S., Power, C., & Rogers, B. (1999). Does financial hardship account for elevated levels of psychological distress in lone mothers? Social Science and Medicine, 49, 1637-1649.
26. Hoyt, D., Conger, R., Valde, J., & Weihs, K. (1997). Psychological distress and help seeking in rural America. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 449-470.
27. Jackson, A. P. (1992). Well-being among single, Black, employed mothers. Social Service Review, 68, 399-409.
28. Jayakody, R., & Stauffer, D. (2000). Mental health problems among single mothers: Implications for work and welfare reform. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 617-634.
29. Jayakody, R., Danziger, S. H., & Pollack, H. A. (2000). Mental health problems, substance abuse and welfare reform. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 25, 623-651.
30. Kessler, R. C., & McRae, J. A. (1982). The effects of wives' employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 217-227.
31. Kessler R. C., & Zhao, S. (1999). Overview of the descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders. In C. S. Aneshensel & J. Phelan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 127-150). New York: Kluwer Academic.
32. Larner, M. B., Terman, D. L., & Behrman, R. E. (1997). Welfare to work: Analysis and recommendations. Future of Children, 7, 4-19.
33. Lichter, D., & Jayacoda, R. (2002). Welfare reform: How do we measure success? Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 117-141.
34. Lichter, D., & Jensen, L. (2002). Rural America in transition: Poverty and welfare at the turn of the twenty-first century. In Rural dimensions of welfare reform (pp. 77-110). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
35. Lichter, D. T., & Jensen, L. (2001). Poverty and welfare among rural female headed families before and after PRWORA. Rural America, 16, 28-35.
36. McLanahan, S. (1985). Family structure and stress: A longitudinal comparison of two-parent and female-headed families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 347-357.
37. Nelson, M. K., & Smith, J. (1999). Working hard and making do: Surviving in small town America. Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press.
38. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychosocial Measurement, 1, 385-401.
39. Ross, C. E., Mirowski, J., & Goldsteen, K. (1990). The impact of the family on health: The decade in review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1059-1078.
40. Sears, H. A., & Galambos, N. L. (1993). The employed mother's well-being. In J. Frankel (Ed.), The employed mother and the family context (pp. 49-67). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
41. Simon, R. W. (1995). Gender, multiple roles, role meaning and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 182-194.
42. Smith, J. R., Brookes-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P. K., & Lee, K. (2000). Welfare and work: Complimentary strategies for low-income women? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 808-821.
43. Snyder, A. R., & McLaughlin, D. K. (2004). Female-headed families and poverty in rural America. Rural Sociology, 69, 127-149.
44. Spengler, P., & Wittchen, H. U. (1989). Procedural validity of standardized symptoms questions for the assessment of psychotic symptoms: A comparison of the CIDI with two clinical methods. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 29, 309-322.
45. Steglin, D. A., & Frankel, J. (1993). Families of lower income employed mothers. In J. Frankel (Ed.), The employed mother and the family context (pp. 115-131). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
46. Taylor, L. (2001). Work attitudes, employment barriers and mental health symptoms in a sample of rural welfare recipients. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 443-462.
47. Teachman, J. D., & Paasch, K. M. (1994). Financial impact of divorce on children and their families. The Future of Children: Children and Divorce, 4(1), 63-83.
48. Thoits, P. A. (1983). Multiple identities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-187.
49. Turner, H., & Butler, M. (2003). Direct and indirect effects of childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 89-103.
50. Turner, R. J., Wheaton, B., & Lloyd, D. (1995). The epidemiology of social stress. American Sociological Review, 60, 104-124.
51. U.S. Census Bureau (2002). Fertility of American women: June 2002. Current Population Reports, http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-548.pdf.
52. U.S. Census Bureau (2004). People in families with related children under 18 by working family members and family structure (POV11). CPS 2004 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032004/pov/ new11_000.htm.
53. Wacker, H., Battegay, R., Mullejans, R., & Scholosser, C. (1990). Using the CIDI-C in the general population. In C. N. Stefains, A. D. Rabavilas, & C. R. Soldatos (Eds.), Psychiatry: A world perspective (pp. 138-143). New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.
54. Weber, B., Duncan, J. G., & Whitener, L. A. (2002). Rural dimensions of welfare reform. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
55. Weissman, M. M., Leaf, P. J., & Bruce, M. L. (1987). Single parent women. Social Psychiatry, 22, 29-36.
56. Wheaton, B. (1991). The specification of chronic stress: Models and measurement. Presented at the Society for the Study of Social Problems Annual Meetings, Cincinnati, OH, August.
57. Wheaton, B. (1994). Sampling in stress universe. In W. R. Avison & I. H. Gotlib (Eds.), Stress and mental health: Contemporary issues and prospects for the future (pp. 77-114). New York: Plenum Press.
58. White, L. K., Booth, A., & Edwards, J. N. (1986). Children and marital happiness: Why the negative correlation. Journal of Family Issues, 7, 131-147.
59. Wijhberg, M., & Reding, K. (1999). Reclaiming a stress focus: The hassles of rural, poor single mothers. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 80, 506-515.
60. Wittchen, H. U., Robins, L. N., Cottler, L. B., Sartorius, N., Burke, J. D., & Regier, D. A. (1991). Cross-cultural feasibility, reliability, and sources of variance in the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 645-653.
61. World Health Organization (WHO). (1990). Composite international diagnostic interview, version 1.0. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.