메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1286-1295

Numerically-simulated induced electric field and current density within a human model located close to a z-gradient coil

Author keywords

Current density; Electric field; Gradient coil; Occupational exposure; Safety

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONDUCTANCE; DENSITY; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; HUMAN; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 35848961671     PISSN: 10531807     EISSN: 15222586     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21137     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 8844266229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical interaction of static magnetic fields with living tissues
    • Schenck JF. Physical interaction of static magnetic fields with living tissues. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2005;87:185-204.
    • (2005) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.87 , pp. 185-204
    • Schenck, J.F.1
  • 3
    • 0033918247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency energy-induced heating during MR procedures: A review
    • Shellock FG. Radiofrequency energy-induced heating during MR procedures: a review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:30-36.
    • (2000) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.12 , pp. 30-36
    • Shellock, F.G.1
  • 4
    • 35848937683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CENELEC (Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique) EN 60601-2-33. Medical electrical equipment, Part 2-33: Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. Brussels: CENELEC; 2002:56 p.
    • CENELEC (Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique) EN 60601-2-33. Medical electrical equipment, Part 2-33: Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. Brussels: CENELEC; 2002:56 p.
  • 5
    • 3242668811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures: Protection of patients
    • ICNIRP International Commission on Non-ionising Radiation Protection
    • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-ionising Radiation Protection). Medical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures: protection of patients. Health Phys 2004;87:197-216.
    • (2004) Health Phys , vol.87 , pp. 197-216
  • 6
    • 35848953740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance diagnostic devices. Rockville, MD: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; July 2003.
    • Criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance diagnostic devices. Rockville, MD: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; July 2003.
  • 7
    • 35848956217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/ EEC).
    • Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/ EEC).
  • 8
    • 0343375204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)
    • ICNIRP International Commission on Non-ionising Radiation Protection
    • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-ionising Radiation Protection). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 1998;74:494-522.
    • (1998) Health Phys , vol.74 , pp. 494-522
  • 9
    • 35848967919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electromagnetic fields, 0-3 kHz, C95.6-2002, New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2002:43 p.
    • IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electromagnetic fields, 0-3 kHz, C95.6-2002, New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2002:43 p.
  • 10
    • 35848939281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling regulatory compliance of occupationally exposed MRI workers during gradient pulsing
    • Berlin, Germany, Abstract 1089
    • Crozier S, Wang H, Trakic A, F. Liu F. Modelling regulatory compliance of occupationally exposed MRI workers during gradient pulsing. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Berlin, Germany, 2007 (Abstract 1089).
    • (2007) Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM
    • Crozier, S.1    Wang, H.2    Trakic, A.F.3    Liu, F.4
  • 11
    • 35848934471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of currents in occupational workers induced by body-motion around high-ultra-high field MRI magnets
    • Berlin, Germany, Abstract 1098
    • Crozier S, Trakic A, Wang H, Liu F. Numerical study of currents in occupational workers induced by body-motion around high-ultra-high field MRI magnets. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Berlin, Germany, 2007 (Abstract 1098).
    • (2007) Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM
    • Crozier, S.1    Trakic, A.2    Wang, H.3    Liu, F.4
  • 12
    • 23844533679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of electromagnetic field exposure limits in Europe: Is the future of interventional MRI safe?
    • Hill DLG, McLeish K, Keevil SF. Impact of electromagnetic field exposure limits in Europe: is the future of interventional MRI safe? Acad Radiol 2005;12:1135-1142.
    • (2005) Acad Radiol , vol.12 , pp. 1135-1142
    • Hill, D.L.G.1    McLeish, K.2    Keevil, S.F.3
  • 13
    • 28044449155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic field exposure limitation and the future of MRI
    • Keevil SF, Gedroyc W, Gowland P, et al. Electromagnetic field exposure limitation and the future of MRI. Br J Radiol 2005;78:973-975.
    • (2005) Br J Radiol , vol.78 , pp. 973-975
    • Keevil, S.F.1    Gedroyc, W.2    Gowland, P.3
  • 14
    • 0024637201 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral nerve stimulation by induced electric currents: Exposure to time-varying magnetic fields
    • Reilly JP. Peripheral nerve stimulation by induced electric currents: exposure to time-varying magnetic fields. Med Biol Eng Comput 1989;3:101-109.
    • (1989) Med Biol Eng Comput , vol.3 , pp. 101-109
    • Reilly, J.P.1
  • 16
    • 35848937456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McKinlay AF, Allen SG, Cox R, et al. Advice on limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0-300 GHz). Chilton, UK: National Radiological Protection Board; Documents of the NRPB 2004;15:1-35.
    • McKinlay AF, Allen SG, Cox R, et al. Advice on limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0-300 GHz). Chilton, UK: National Radiological Protection Board; Documents of the NRPB 2004;15:1-35.
  • 17
    • 35848957808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Radiological Protection Board. Electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer. Report of an advisory group on non-ionising radiation. Chilton, UK: National Radiological Protection Board; Documents of the NRPB 1992;3:1992:356 p.
    • National Radiological Protection Board. Electromagnetic fields and the risk of cancer. Report of an advisory group on non-ionising radiation. Chilton, UK: National Radiological Protection Board; Documents of the NRPB 1992;3:1992:356 p.
  • 19
    • 0024061332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3-D impedance method to calculate power deposition in biological material subjected to time varying magnetic fields
    • Orcutt N, Gandhi OP. A 3-D impedance method to calculate power deposition in biological material subjected to time varying magnetic fields. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1998;35:577-583.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.35 , pp. 577-583
    • Orcutt, N.1    Gandhi, O.P.2
  • 22
    • 0034164445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-laboratory comparison of numerical dosimetry for human exposure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields
    • Stuchly MA, Gandhi OP. Inter-laboratory comparison of numerical dosimetry for human exposure to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2000;21:167-174.
    • (2000) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.21 , pp. 167-174
    • Stuchly, M.A.1    Gandhi, O.P.2
  • 23
    • 0043093783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the vector potential in evaluating the likelihood of peripheral nerve stimulation due to switched magnetic field gradients
    • Bencsik M, Bowtell R, Bowley RM. Using the vector potential in evaluating the likelihood of peripheral nerve stimulation due to switched magnetic field gradients. Magn Reson Med 2003;50:405-410.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Med , vol.50 , pp. 405-410
    • Bencsik, M.1    Bowtell, R.2    Bowley, R.M.3
  • 24
    • 33744955709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consideration of magnetically-induced and conservative electric fields within a loaded gradient coil
    • Mao W, Chronik BA, Feldman RE, Smith MB, Collins CM. Consideration of magnetically-induced and conservative electric fields within a loaded gradient coil. Magn Reson Med 2006;55:1424-1432.
    • (2006) Magn Reson Med , vol.55 , pp. 1424-1432
    • Mao, W.1    Chronik, B.A.2    Feldman, R.E.3    Smith, M.B.4    Collins, C.M.5
  • 25
    • 0035126320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On a possible mechanism for peripheral nerve stimulation during magnetic resonance imaging scans
    • Forbes LK, Crozier S. On a possible mechanism for peripheral nerve stimulation during magnetic resonance imaging scans. Phys Med Biol 2001;46:591-608.
    • (2001) Phys Med Biol , vol.46 , pp. 591-608
    • Forbes, L.K.1    Crozier, S.2
  • 26
    • 3142515660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplifying gradient coil modelling in FDTD calculations
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Abstract 2437
    • McKinnon G. Simplifying gradient coil modelling in FDTD calculations. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2003 (Abstract 2437).
    • (2003) Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of ISMRM
    • McKinnon, G.1
  • 27
    • 0036892903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for modelling the effect of switched gradients on the human body in MRI
    • Zhao H, Crozier S, Liu F. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for modelling the effect of switched gradients on the human body in MRI. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:1037-1042.
    • (2002) Magn Reson Med , vol.48 , pp. 1037-1042
    • Zhao, H.1    Crozier, S.2    Liu, F.3
  • 28
    • 0036788387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of electric fields due to gradient switching: A numerical approach
    • Brand M, Heid O. Induction of electric fields due to gradient switching: a numerical approach. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:731-734.
    • (2002) Magn Reson Med , vol.48 , pp. 731-734
    • Brand, M.1    Heid, O.2
  • 29
    • 0027022282 scopus 로고
    • Numerical dosimetry at power line frequencies using anatomically based models
    • Gandhi OP, Chen J-Y. Numerical dosimetry at power line frequencies using anatomically based models. Bioelectromagnetics 1992; 1(Suppl):43-60.
    • (1992) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 43-60
    • Gandhi, O.P.1    Chen, J.-Y.2
  • 30
    • 35848947853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of FDTD methods for investigating peripheral nerve stimulation in MRI gradient coils
    • Honolulu, HI, USA Abstract 844
    • Collins CM, Chronik BA, Smith MB. Development of FDTD methods for investigating peripheral nerve stimulation in MRI gradient coils. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Honolulu, HI, USA (Abstract 844).
    • Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of ISMRM
    • Collins, C.M.1    Chronik, B.A.2    Smith, M.B.3
  • 31
    • 33645766940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of specific absorption rate in mother and fetus associated with MRI examinations during pregnancy
    • Hand JW, Li Y, Thomas EL, Rutherford MA, Hajnal JV. Prediction of specific absorption rate in mother and fetus associated with MRI examinations during pregnancy. Magn Reson Med 2006;55:883-893.
    • (2006) Magn Reson Med , vol.55 , pp. 883-893
    • Hand, J.W.1    Li, Y.2    Thomas, E.L.3    Rutherford, M.A.4    Hajnal, J.V.5
  • 33
    • 35848952855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. Valentin J, editor. Annals ICRP Publication 89. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2003:256 p.
    • ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. Valentin J, editor. Annals ICRP Publication 89. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2003:256 p.
  • 34
    • 35848956944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montgomery DB, Terrell, J. Some useful information for the design of air core solenoids. National Magnet Laboratory, M.I.T. Report. AFOSR-1525, November 1961.
    • Montgomery DB, Terrell, J. Some useful information for the design of air core solenoids. National Magnet Laboratory, M.I.T. Report. AFOSR-1525, November 1961.
  • 36
    • 0033220910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of induced current densities in the human body at industrial induction heating frequencies
    • Gustrau F, Bahr A, Rittwenger M, Goltz S, Eggert S. Simulation of induced current densities in the human body at industrial induction heating frequencies. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 1999; 41:480-486.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat , vol.41 , pp. 480-486
    • Gustrau, F.1    Bahr, A.2    Rittwenger, M.3    Goltz, S.4    Eggert, S.5
  • 37
    • 0003870805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of the dielectric properties of body tissues at RF and microwave frequencies
    • Report NAL/OE-TR-1996-0037, Occupational and environmental health directorate, Radiofrequency Radiation Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas USA, June
    • Gabriel C. Compilation of the dielectric properties of body tissues at RF and microwave frequencies. Report NAL/OE-TR-1996-0037, Occupational and environmental health directorate, Radiofrequency Radiation Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas (USA), June 1996.
    • (1996)
    • Gabriel, C.1
  • 38
    • 0029954935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey
    • Gabriel C, Gabriel S, Corthout E. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2231-2249.
    • (1996) Phys Med Biol , vol.41 , pp. 2231-2249
    • Gabriel, C.1    Gabriel, S.2    Corthout, E.3
  • 39
    • 0029909341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz
    • Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2251-2269.
    • (1996) Phys Med Biol , vol.41 , pp. 2251-2269
    • Gabriel, S.1    Lau, R.W.2    Gabriel, C.3
  • 40
    • 0029957193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues
    • Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2271-2293.
    • (1996) Phys Med Biol , vol.41 , pp. 2271-2293
    • Gabriel, S.1    Lau, R.W.2    Gabriel, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.