Decreased shoot stature and grain α-amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat

Journal of Experimental Botany

Volumn 58, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 3213-3226

  Appleford, Nigel E J ^a,b   Wilkinson, Mark D ^a   Ma, Qian ^a,c   Evans, Daniel J ^a   Stone, Marlon C ^a   Pearce, Stephen P ^a   Powers, Stephen J ^a   Thomas, Stephen G ^a   Jones, Huw D ^a   Phillips, Andrew L ^a   Hedden, Peter ^a   Lenton, John R ^a  

^a ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b NHS BLOOD AND TRANSPLANT   (United Kingdom)

^c HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Amylase; Ear development; GA 2 oxidase; Gene expression; Gibberellin; Grain size; Paclobutrazol; Shoot height; Tillering; Transgenic wheat

Indexed keywords

AMYLASE; GIBBERELLIC ACID; GIBBERELLINS; TRANSGENIC WHEAT;

BIOACTIVITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC ENGINEERING;

GRAIN (AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT);

AMYLASE; GIBBERELLIN 2 DIOXYGENASE; GIBBERELLIN 2-DIOXYGENASE; MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE; PRIMER DNA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; ENZYMOLOGY; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PLANT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SOUTHERN BLOTTING; TRANSGENIC PLANT; WHEAT;

ALPHA-AMYLASE; BASE SEQUENCE; BLOTTING, SOUTHERN; DNA PRIMERS; MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES; PLANT SHOOTS; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TRITICUM;

TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 35848936706     PISSN: 00220957     EISSN: 14602431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm166     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Appleford NEJ, Evans DJ, Lenton JR, Gaskin P, Croker SJ, Devos K, Phillips AL, Hedden P. 2006. Function and transcript analysis of gibberellin-biosynthetic enzymes in wheat. Planta 223, 568-582.
2. Appleford NEJ, Lenton JR. 1997. Hormonal regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. Physiologia Plantarum 100, 534-542.
3. Barnes C, Bugbee B. 1991. Morphological responses of wheat to changes in phytochrome photoequilibrium. Plant Physiology 97, 359-365.
4. Barnes WC, Blakeney AB. 1974. Determination of cereal α-amylase using a commercially available dye-labeled substrate. Starke 26, 193-197.
5. Börner A, Roder M, Korzun V. 1997. Comparative molecular mapping of GA insensitive Rht loci on chromosomes 4B and 4D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95, 1133-1137.
6. Chandler PM, Mosleth E. 1990. Do gibberellins play an in vivo role in controlling alpha-amylase gene expression? In: Ringlund K, Mosleth E, Mares DJ, eds. Fifth international symposium on preharvest sprouting in cereals. Boulder CO, USA: Westview Press, 100-109.
7. Dayanandan P, Hebard FV, Kaufman PB. 1976. Cell elongation in grass pulvinus in response to geotropic stimulation and auxin application. Planta 131, 245-252.
8. Evans LT, Blundell C, King RW. 1995. Developmental responses by tall and dwarf isogenic lines of spring wheat to applied gibberellins. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, 365-371.
9. Evans MMS, Poethig RS. 1995. Gibberellins promote vegetative phase-change and reproductive maturity in maize. Plant Physiology 108, 475-487.
10. Fincher GB. 1989. Molecular and cellular biology associated with endosperm mobilization in germinating cereal grains. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 40, 305-346.
11. Flintham JE, Borner A, Worland AJ, Gale MD. 1997. Optimizing wheat grain yield: effects of Rht (gibberellin-insensitive) dwarfing genes. Journal of Agricultural Science 128, 11-25.
12. Gale MD, Marshall GA. 1973. Insensitivity to gibberellin in dwarf wheats. Annals of Botany 37, 729-735.
13. Gale MD, Youssefian S. 1985. Dwarfing genes in wheat. In: Russell GE, ed. Progress in plant breeding. London: Butterworths, 1-35.
14. Green LS, Faergestad EM, Poole A, Chandler PM. 1997. Grain development mutants of barley: alpha-amylase production during grain maturation and its relation to endogenous gibberellic acid content. Plant Physiology 114, 203-212.
15. Griffiths J, Murase K, Rieu I, et al. 2006. Genetic characterization and functional analysis of the GID1 gibberellin receptors in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 18, 3399-3414.
16. Hartweck LM, Olszewski NE. 2006. Rice GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 is a gibberellin receptor that illuminates and raises questions about GA signaling. The Plant Cell 18, 278-282.
17. Hedden P. 2003. The genes of the Green Revolution. Trends in Genetics 19, 5-9.
18. Hedden P, Phillips AL. 2000. Gibberellin metabolism: new insights revealed by the genes. Trends in Plant Science 5, 523-530.
19. Hoogendoorn J, Rickson JM, Gale MD. 1990. Differences in leaf and stem anatomy related to plant height of tall and dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 136, 72-77.
20. Hutley-Bull PD, Schwabe WW. 1982. Some effects of low-concentration gibberellic acid and retardant application during early growth on morphogenesis in wheat. In: McLaren JS, ed. Chemical manipulation of crop growth and development. London: Butterworths, 329-342.
21. Isaac PG, Stacey J, Clee CM. 1995. Nonradioactive probes. Molecular Biotechnology 3, 259-265.
22. Itoh H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Sentoku N, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Kobayashi M. 2001. Cloning and functional analysis of two gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase genes that are differently expressed during the growth of rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98, 8909-8914.
23. Kaneko M, Itoh H, Inukai Y, Sakamoto T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. 2003. Where do gibberellin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling occur in rice plants? The Plant Journal 35, 104-115.
24. Kaneko M, Itoh H, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M. 2002. The alpha-amylase induction in endosperm during rice seed germination is caused by gibberellin synthesized in epithelium. Plant Physiology 128, 1264-1270.
25. Kashkush K, Feldman M, Levy AA. 2002. Gene loss, silencing and activation in a newly synthesized wheat allotetraploid. Genetics 160, 1651-1659.
26. Keyes GJ, Paolillo DJ, Sorrells ME. 1989. The effects of dwarfing genes Rht1 and Rht2 on cellular dimensions and rate of leaf elongation in wheat. Annals of Botany 64, 683-690.
27. Klöti A, He X, Potrykus I, Hohn T, Fütterer J. 2002. Tissue-specific silencing of a transgene in rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99, 10881-10886.
28. Lazarus CM, Baulcombe DC, Martienssen RA. 1985. Alpha-amylase genes of wheat are two multigene families which are differentially expressed. Plant Molecular Biology 5, 13-24.
29. Lenton JR, Appleford NEJ, Croker SJ. 1994. Gibberellins and α-amylase gene expression in germinating wheat grains. Plant Growth Regulation 15, 261-270.
30. Loreti E, Alpi A, Perata P. 2000. Glucose and disaccharide-sensing mechanisms modulate the expression of alpha-amylase in barley embryos. Plant Physiology 123, 939-948.
31. Oikawa T, Koshioka M, Kojima K, Yoshida H, Kawata M. 2004. A role of OsGA20ox1, encoding an isoform of gibberellin 20-oxidase, for regulation of plant stature in rice. Plant Molecular Biology 55, 687-700.
32. Peng JR, Richards DE, Hartley NM, et al. 1999. 'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400, 256-261.
33. Perata P, Matsukura C, Vernieri P, Yamaguchi J. 1997. Sugar repression of a gibberellin-dependent signaling pathway in barley embryos. The Plant Cell 9, 2197-2208.
34. 1 content of tall and dwarf wheat genotypes. Plant Physiology 90, 854-859.
35. Sakamoto T, Kobayashi M, Itoh H, Tagiri A, Kayano T, Tanaka H, Iwahori S, Matsuoka M. 2001. Expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene around the shoot apex is related to phase transition in rice. Plant Physiology 125, 1508-1516.
36. Sakamoto T, Miura K, Itoh H, et al. 2004. An overview of gibberellin metabolism enzyme genes and their related mutants in rice. Plant Physiology 134, 1642-1653.
37. Sakamoto T, Morinaka Y, Ishiyama K, Kobayashi M, Itoh H, Kayano T, Iwahori S, Matsuoka M, Tanaka H. 2003. Genetic manipulation of gibberellin metabolism in transgenic rice. Nature Biotechnology 21, 909-913.
38. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
39. Singh DP, Jermakow AM, Swain SM. 2002. Gibberellins are required for seed development and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 14, 3133-3147.
40. Skinner RH, Simmons SR. 1993. Modulation of leaf elongation, tiller appearance and tiller senescence in spring barley by far-red light. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 555-562.
41. Sparks CA, Jones HD. 2004. Transformation of wheat by biolistics. In: Curtis IP, ed. Transgenic crops of the world: essential protocols. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 19-35.
42. Swain SM, Reid JB, Kamiya Y. 1997. Gibberellins are required for embryo growth and seed development in pea. The Plant Journal 12, 1329-1338.
43. Thomas SG, Phillips AL, Hedden P. 1999. Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96, 4698-4703.
44. Thomas SG, Sun TP. 2004. Update on gibberellin signaling. A tale of the tall and the short. Plant Physiology 135, 668-676.
45. Verwoerd TC, Dekker BMM, Hoekema A. 1989. A small-scale procedure for the rapid isolation of plant RNAs. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 2362.
46. Webb SE, Appleford NEJ, Gaskin P, Lenton JR. 1998. Gibberellins in internodes and ears of wheat containing different dwarfing alleles. Phytochemistry 47, 671-677.
47. White CN, Proebsting WM, Hedden P, Rivin CJ. 2000. Gibberellins and seed development in maize. I. Evidence that gibberellin/abscisic acid balance governs germination versus maturation pathways. Plant Physiology 122, 1081-1088.
48. Wolbang CM, Davies NW, Taylor SA, Ross JJ. 2007. Gravistimulation leads to asymmetry of both auxin and gibberellin levels in barley pulvini. Physiologia Plantarum doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00931.x.
49. Youssefian S, Kirby EJM, Gale MD. 1992a. Pleiotropic effects of the GA-insensitive Rht dwarfing genes in wheat. 1. Effects on development of the ear, stem and leaves. Field Crops Research 28, 179-190.
50. Youssefian S, Kirby EJM, Gale MD. 1992b. Pleiotropic effects of the GA-insensitive Rht dwarfing genes in wheat. 2. Effects on leaf, stem, ear, and floret growth. Field Crops Research 28, 191-210.
51. Yu SM, Lee YC, Fang SC, Chan MT, Hwa SF, Liu LF. 1996. Sugars act as signal molecules and osmotica to regulate the expression of alpha-amylase genes and metabolic activities in germinating cereal grains. Plant Molecular Biology 30, 1277-1289.
52. Zou JH, Zhang SY, Zhang WP, Li G, Chen ZX, Zhai WX, Zhao XF, Pan XB, Xie Q, Zhu LH. 2006. The rice HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1 encoding an ortholog of Arabidopsis MAX3 is required for negative regulation of the outgrowth of axillary buds. The Plant Journal 48, 687-696.
53. Zwar JA, Chandler PM. 1995. Alpha-amylase production and leaf protein synthesis in a gibberellin-responsive dwarf mutant of Himalaya barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Planta 197, 39-48.