Why not clozapine?

Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 92-95

  Kelly, Deanna L ^a   Kreyenbuhl, Julie ^a   Buchanan, Robert W ^a   Malhotra, Anil K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b ZUCKER HILLSIDE HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Agranulocytosis; Clozapine; Genetic; Schizophrenia; Underuse

Indexed keywords

CD131 ANTIGEN; CLOZAPINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; HLA C ANTIGEN; HLA DQB1 ANTIGEN; NEUROTENSIN RECEPTOR;

AGGRESSION; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; BLOOD DYSCRASIA; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG USE; HEALTH CARE COST; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MONOTHERAPY; MORNING DOSAGE; NOTE; PRESCRIPTION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 35748951379     PISSN: 19351232     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3371/CSRP.1.1.8     Document Type: Note

References (46)

1. Conley RC, Kelly DL. Management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:898-911.
2. McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, Davis SM, Meltzer HY, Rosenheck RA, Swartz MS, Perkins DO, Keefe RSE, Davis CE, Severe J, Hsiao JK. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:600-10.
3. Lehman AF, Kreyenbuhl J, Buchanan RW, Dickerson FB, Dixon LB, Goldberg R, Green-Paden LD, Tenhula WN, Boerescu D, Tek C, Sandson N, Steinwachs DM. The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): updated treatment recommendations 2003. Schizophr Bull 2004;30:193-217.
4. Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB, McGlashan TH, Miller AL, Perkins DO, Kreyenbuhl J; American Psychiatric Association; Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161(2 Suppl):1-56.
5. Miller AL, Hall CS, Buchanan RW, Buckley PF, Chiles JA, Conley RR, Crismon ML, Ereshefsky L, Essock SM, Finnerty M, Marder SR, Miller DD, McEvoy JP, Rush JA, Saeed SA, Schooler NR, Shon SP, Stroup S, Tarin-Godoy B. The Texas Medication Algorithm Project antipsychotic algorithm for schizophrenia: 2003 update. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:500-8.
6. Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, Altamura AC, Anand R, Bertoldi A, Bourgeois M, Chouinard G, Islam MZ, Kane J, Krishnan R, Lindenmayer JP, Potkin S; International Suicide Prevention Trial Study Group. Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: international suicide prevention trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:82-91.
7. Krakowski MI, Czobor P, Citrome L, Bark N, Cooper TB. Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63: 622-9.
8. Citrome L, Volavka J, Czobor P, Sheitman B, Lindenmayer JP, McEvoy J, Cooper TB, Chakos M, Lieberman JA. Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:1510-4.
9. Essock SM, Frisman LK, Covell NH, Hargreaves WA. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine compared with conventional antipsychotic medication for patients in state hospitals. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57: 987-94.
10. Buckman RW, Malan RD. Clozapine for refractory schizophrenia: the Illinois experience. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 Suppl 1:18-22.
11. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Allan E, Erdos J, Frisman LK, Xu W, Thomas J, Henderson W, Charney D. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine in patients with high and low levels of hospital use. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:565-72.
12. Rosenheck R, Chang S, Choe Y, Cramer J, Xu W, Thomas J, Henderson W, Charney D. Medication continuation and compliance: a comparison of patients treated with clozapine and haloperidol. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:382-6.
13. Haro JM, Novick D, Suarez D, Alonso J, Lepine LP, Ratcliffe M; SOHO Study Group. Remission and relapse in the outpatient care of schizophrenia: three-year results from the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:571-8.
14. Brunette MF, Drake RE, Xie H, McHugo GJ, Green AI. Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32:637-43.
15. Fayak M, Flowers C, Signorelli D, Simpson G. Underuse of evidence-based treatments in psychiatry. Psychiatr Serv 2003;54:1453-6.
16. Conley RR, Kelly DL, Lambert TJ, Love RC. A comparison of clozapine use in Maryland and in Victoria, Australia. Psychiatr Serv 2005;56: 320-3.
17. Lieberman JA. Maximizing clozapine therapy: managing side effects. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59 Suppl 3:38-43.
18. Taylor DM, Yound C, Paton C. Prior antipsychotic prescribing in patients currently receiving clozapine: a case note review. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:30-4.
19. Weissman EM. Antipsychotic prescribing practices in the Veterans Healthcare Administration New York metropolitan region. Schizophr Bull 2002;28:31-42.
20. IMS Health, NDTI. January 1999, 2000, 2002, 2005.
21. Kreyenbuhl J, Valenstein M, McCarthy JF, Ganoczy D, Blow FC. Long-term combination antipsychotic treatment in VA patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006;84:90-9.
22. Wheeler A, Humberstone V, Robinson G. Trends in antipsychotic prescribing in schizophrenia in Auckland. Australas Psychiatry 2006;14: 169-74.
23. Xiang YT, Weng YZ, Leung CM, Tang WK, Unfvari GS. Clinical correlates of clozapine prescription for schizophrenia in China. Hum Psychopharmacol 2007;22:17-25.
24. Mallinger JB, Fisher SG, Brown T, Lamberti JS. Racial disparities in the use of second-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 2006;57:133-6.
25. Copeland LA, Zeber JE, Valenstein M, Blow FC. Racial disparity in the use of atypical antipsychotic medications among veterans. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1817-22.
26. Kelly DL, Dixon L, Kreyenbuhl J, Lehman AF, Love RC, Medoff D, Brown C, Conley RR. Clozapine utilization and outcomes by race in a public mental health system: 1994-2000. J Clin Psychiatry, 2006;67: 1404-11.
27. O'Brien A. Starting clozapine in the community: a U.K. perspective. CNS Drugs 2004;18:845-52.
28. Kelly DL, Kreyenbuhl J, Dixon L, Love RC, Medoff D, Conley RR. Clozapine underutilization and discontinuation in African Americans due to leucopenia. Schizophr Bull 2006; Epub ahead of print.
29. Naber D. Optimizing clozapine treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 Suppl 12:35-8.
30. Horacek J, Libiger J, Hoschl C, Borzova J, Hendrychova I. Clozapine-induced concordant agranulocytosis in monozygotic twins. Int J Psychiatry in Clin Practice 2001;5:71-3.
31. Lopez-Garcia P, Rodriquez JT, De Castro P, Landecho I, Zapata R. Association between clozapine-induced agranulocytosis and HLA subtyping. J Clin Psychiatry 67:10:1652-3.
32. Dettling M, Cascorbi I, Opgen-Rhein C, Schaub R. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in schizophrenic Caucasians: confirming clues for associations with human leukocyte class I and II antigens. Pharmacogenomics J 2006; Epub ahead of print.
33. Dettling M, Cascorbi I, Roots L, et al. Genetic determinants of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: recent results of HLA subtyping in a non-Jewish Caucasian sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:93-94.
34. Malhotra AK, Athanasiou M, Reed CR, Dain B, Carr J, Whalen H, Lachowicz M, Gerson S, Kane J. Discovery of genetic markers associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Am J Medical Genet 2005; 138B:22.
35. Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, et al. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl J Med 1993;329:204-5.
36. Atkin K, Kendall F, Gould D, et al. Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in patients receiving clozapine in the U.K. and Ireland. Br J Psychiatry 1996;169:483-8.
37. Copolov DL, Bell WR, Benson WJ, et al. Clozapine treatment in Australia: a review of haematological monitoring. Med J Aust 1998;168: 495-7.
38. Miller DD. Review and management of clozapine side effects. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61 Suppl 8:18-9.
39. Wilf TJ. Practice guidelines and combining atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1717-8.
40. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al; Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Investigators. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1209-23.
41. Jones PB, Barnes TR, Davies L, Dunn G, Lloyd H, Hayhurst KP, Murray RM, Markwick A, Lewis SW. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on Quality of Life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUtLASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006, 63:1079-87.
42. Hippius H. A historical perspective of clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60 Suppl 12:22-3.
43. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical practice Guidelines Team for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005;39(1-2):1-30.
44. Meltzer HY. Treatment of the neuroleptic nonresponsive schizophrenic patient. Schizophr Bull 1992;18(3):515-42.
45. American Diabetes Association; American Psychiatric Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:596-601.
46. Gupta J. Monitoring parameters for atypical antipsychotics- a review of the evidence. Central and Northwest London: National Health Service. [accessed 2007 Feb 13]. Available from: www.ukppg.org.uk/atypical-monitoring-cw.pdf