Implications of genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi for the pathogenesis of Chagas disease

Cadernos de Saude Publica

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2263-2274

  Manoel Caetano, Fernanda Da Silva ^a   Silva, Ana Elizabete ^a  

^a SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY UNESP   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Chagas disease; Esophageal achalasia; Trypanosoma cruzi; Variation (genetics)

Indexed keywords

EID: 35648961938     PISSN: 0102311X     EISSN: 16784464     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0102-311X2007001000002     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Wendel S, Brener Z, Camargo ME, Rassi A. Chagas disease - American trypanosomiasis: the impact on transfusion and clinical medicine. In: International Society Blood Transfusion - ISBT BRAZIL' 92. São Paulo: International Society of Blood Transfusion; 1992. p. 13-29.
2. Lana M, Tafuri WL. Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas. In: Neves DP, organizador. Parasitologia humana. São Paulo: Editora Atheneu; 2000. p. 73-96.
3. Burleigh BA, Woolsey AM. Cell signaling and Trypanosoma cruzi invasion. Cell Microbiol 2002; 4:701-11.
4. Buscaglia CA, Di Noia JM. Trypanosoma cruzi clonal diversity and the epidemiology of Chagas' disease. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:419-27.
5. Prata A. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1:92-100.
6. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Doença de Chagas aguda relacionada à ingestão de caldo de cana em Santa Catarina. http://www.anvisa.gov.br/divulga/noticias/ 2005/240305_nota.pdf (accessed on 17/Oct/2006).
7. Coura JR, Barretto TV, Naranjo MA. Ataque de populações humanas por triatomíneos silvestres no Amazonas: uma nova forma de transmissão da infecção chagásica. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1994; 27:251-3.
8. Dias JCP. Notas sobre o Trypanosoma cruzi e suas características bio-ecológicas, como agente de enfermidades transmitida por alimentos. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2006; 39:370-3.
9. Cortez M, Silva MR, Neira I, Ferreira D, Sasso GRS, Luquetti AO, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi surface molecule gp90 down-regulates invasion of gastric mucosal epithelium in orally infected mice. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:36-44.
10. Camandaroba ELP, Lima CMP, Andrade SG. Oral transmission of Chagas disease: importance of Trypanosoma cruzi biodeme in the intragastric experimental infection. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2002; 44:97-103.
11. Pinto AYN, Harada GS, Valente VC, Abud JEA, Gomes FS, Souza GCR, et al. Acometimento cardíaco em pacientes com doença de Chagas aguda em microepidemia familiar, em Abaetetuba, na Amazônia Brasileira. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001; 34:413-9.
12. Souto Jr. JV, Ribeiro MAA. Doença de Chagas. http://www. fozdoiguacu.pr.gov.br/notícias/link33.htm (accessed on 07/May/2005).
13. World Health Organization. Chagas. http://www.who.int/ctd/chagas/disease. htm (accessed on 09/Oct/2006).
14. Coura JR. Tripanossomose, doença de Chagas. Ciênc Cult (São Paulo) 2003; 55:30-3.
15. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Trypanosoma cruzi. http://www.ufrgs.br/para-site/Imagenatlas/Protozoa/Trypanosomacruzi.htm (accessed on 28/Jun/2007).
16. Macedo AM, Pena SDJ. Genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi: implications for the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Parasitol Today 1998; 14:119-24.
17. Oliveira RB, Troncon LEA, Dantas RO, Meneghelli UG. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Chagas' disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:884-9.
18. Macedo AM, Machado CR, Oliveira RP, Pena SDJ. Trypanosoma cruzi: genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:1-12.
19. Andrade SG. Trypanosoma cruzi: clonal structure of parasite strains and the importance of principal clones. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94 Suppl 1:185-7.
20. Blanco A, Montamat EE. Genetic variation among Trypanosoma cruzi populations. J Exp Zool 1998; 282:62-70.
21. Miles MA, Toye PJ, Oswald SC, Godfrey DG. The identification by isoenzyme patterns of two distinct strain-groups of Trypanosoma cruzi, circulating independently in a rural area of Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977; 71:217-25.
22. Miles MA, Lanham SM, Souza AA, Povoa M. Further enzymic characters of Trypanosoma cruzi and their evaluation for strain identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1980; 74:221-37.
23. Tibayrenc M, Ward P, Moya A, Ayala FJ. Natural populations of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, have a complex multiclonal structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83:115-9.
24. Tibayrenc M, Ayala F. Isozyme variability in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease: genetic, taxonomical and epidemiological significance. Evolution 1988; 42:277-92.
25. Revollo S, Oury B, Laurent JP, Barnabé C, Quesney V, Carriere V, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi: impact of clonal evolution of the parasite on its biological and medical properties. Exp Parasitol 1998; 89:30-9.
26. Andrade V, Brodoskyn C, Andrade SG. Correlation between isoenzyme patterns and biological behavior of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1983; 77:796-9.
27. Souto RP, Fernandes O, Macedo AM, Campbell DA, Zingales B. DNA markers define two major phylogenetic lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1996; 83:141-52.
28. Recommendations from satellite meeting. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94 Suppl 1:1-6.
29. Brisse S, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M. Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30:35-44.
30. Henriksson J, Dujardin J, Barnabe C, Brisse S, Timperman G, Venegas J, et al. Chromosomal size variation in Trypanosoma cruzi is mainly progressive and is evolutionarily informative. Parasitology 2002; 124:277-86.
31. Gomes ML, Macedo AM, Vago AR, Pena SDJ, Galvão LMC, Chiari E. Trypanosoma cruzi: optimization of polymerase chain reaction for detection in human blood. Exp Parasitol 1998; 88:28-33.
32. D'Ávila DA, Gontijo ED, Lages-Silva E, Meira WSF, Chiari E, Galvão LMC. Random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from chagasic patients with different clinical forms. Parasitol Res 2006; 98:455-61.
33. Gomes ML, Macedo AM, Pena SD, Chiari E. Genetic relationships between Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from chronic chagasic patients in southern Brazil as revealed by RAPD and SSR-PCR analysis. Acta Trop 1998; 69:99-109.
34. Breniere S, Bosseno M, Telleria J, Bastrenta B, Yacsik N, Noireau F, et al. Different behavior of two Trypanosoma cruzi major clones: transmission and circulation in young Bolivian patients. Exp Parasitol 1998; 89:285-95.
35. Kawashita S, Sanson G, Fernandes O, Zingales B, Briones M. Maximum-likelihood divergence date estimates based on rRNA gene sequences suggest two scenarios of Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18:2250-9.
36. Fernandes O, Santos SS, Junqueira ACV, Jansen AM, Cupolillo E, Campbel DA, et al. Populational heterogeneity of Brazilian Trypanosoma cruzi isolates revealed by the mini-exon and ribosomal spacers. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94 Suppl 1:195-7.
37. Freitas JM, Lages-Silva E, Crema E, Pena SDJ, Macedo AM. Real time PCR strategy for the identification of major lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi directly in chronically infected human tissues. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35:411-7.
38. Miles MA, Cedillos RA, Povoa MM, Souza AA, Prata A, Macedo V. Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas disease? Lancet 1981; 1:1338-40.
39. Lauria-Pires L, Bogliolo AR, Teixeira ARL. Diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks and clones derived from Chagas disease patients. Exp Parasitol 1996; 82:182-90.
40. Morel C, Chiari E, Camargo P, Mattei DM, Romanha AJ, Simpson J. Strains and clones of Trypanosoma cruzi can be characterized by pattern of restriction endonuclease products of kinetoplast DNA minicircles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77:6810-4.
41. Shlomai J. The assembly of kinetoplast DNA. Parasitol Today 1994; 10:341-6.
42. Teixeira ARL, Argañaraz ER, Freitas Jr. LH, Lacava ZGM, Santana JM, Luna H. Possible integration of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA minicircles into the host cell genome by infection. Mutat Res 1994; 305:197-209.
43. Junqueira ACV, Degrave W, Brandão A. Minicircle organization and diversity in Trypanosoma cruzi populations. Trends Parasitol 2005; 21:270-2.
44. Pena SD, Barreto G, Vago AR, De Marco L, Reinach FC, Dias Neto E, et al. Sequence-specific "gene signatures" can be obtained by PCR with single specific primers at low stringency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91:1946-9.
45. Vago AR, Macedo AM, Oliveira RP, Andrade LO, Chiari E, Galvão LM, et al. kDNA signatures of Trypanosoma cruzi strains obtained directly from infected tissues. Am J Pathol 1996; 149:2153-9.
46. Vago AR, Macedo AM, Adad S, Reis DA, Corrêa-Oliveira R. PCR detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in esophageal tissues of patients with chronic digestive Chagas' disease. Lancet 1996; 348:891-2.
47. Vago AR, Andrade LO, Leite AA, d'Ávila-Reis D, Macedo AM, Adad SJ, et al. Genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi directly from tissues of patients with chronic Chagas disease: differential distribution of genetic types into diverse organs. Am J Pathol 2000; 156:1805-9.
48. Lages-Silva E, Ramírez LE, Pedrosa AL, Crema E, Galvão LMC, Pena SDJ, et al. Variability of kinetoplast DNA gene signatures of Trypanosoma cruzi II strains from patients with different clinical forms of Chagas' disease in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2167-71.
49. Pinotti HW, Domene CE, Cecconello I, Zilberstein B. Megaesôfago chagásico. In: Coelho JCU, org. Aparelho digestivo. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Medsi; 1996. p. 61-7.
50. Andrade LO, Machado CRS, Chiari E, Pena SDJ, Macedo AM. Differential tissue distribution of diverse clones Trypanosoma cruzi in infected mice. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 100:163-72.
51. Franco DJ, Vago AR, Chiari E, Meira FCA, Galvão LMC, Machado CRS. Trypanosoma cruzi: mixture of two populations can modify virulence and tissue tropism in rat. Exp Parasitol 2003; 104:54-61.
52. Vera-Cruz JM, Magallón-Gastelum E, Grijalva G, Rincón AR, Ramos-Garcia C, Armendáriz-Borunda J. Molecular diagnosis of Chagas' disease and use of an animal model to study parasite tropism. Parasitol Res 2003; 89:480-6.
53. 2+ signaling activity. Biochem J 1998; 330:505-11.
54. Acosta-Serrano A, Almeida IC, Freitas-Junior LH, Yoshida N, Schenkman S. The mucin-like glycoprotein super-family of Trypanosoma cruzi: structure and biological roles. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 114:143-50.
55. Herrera EM, Ming M, Ortega-Barria E, Pereira ME. Mediation of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion by heparin sulphate on host cells and penetrin counter-receptors on the trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994; 65:73-83.
56. Magdesian MH, Tonelli RR, Fessel MR, Silveira MS, Schumacher RI, Linden R, et al. A conserved domain of the gp85/trans-sialidase family activates host cell extracellular signal-regulated kinase and facilitates Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:210-8.
57. Carvalho TMU, Souza W, Coimbra ES. Internalization of components of the host cell plasma membrane during infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94 Suppl 1:143-7.
58. Simões-Barbosa A, Barros AM, Nitz N, Argañaraz ER, Teixeira ARL. Integration of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA minicircle sequence in the host genome may be associated with autoimmune serum factors in Chagas disease patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94 Suppl 1:249-52.
59. Teixeira A, Rumjanek F, Silva LM. Na caça do DNA invasor. Ciênc Hoje 2005; 36:6-9.
60. Tarleton RL. Parasite persistence in the aetiology of Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:550-4.
61. Sartori AM, Sotto MN, Braz LMA, Oliveira-Junior OC, Patzina RA, Barone AA, et al. Reactivation of Chagas' disease manifested by skin lesions in a patient with AIDS. Trans R Soc Med Hyg 1999; 93:631-2.
62. Lages-Silva E, Crema E, Ramirez LD, Macedo AM, Pena SD, Chiari E. Relationship between Trypanosoma cruzi and human chagasic megaesophagus: blood and tissue parasitism. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65:435-41.
63. Ouaissi A, Ouaissi M, Tavares J, Cordeiro-da-Silva A. Host cell phenotypic variability induced by trypanosomatid-parasite-released immunomodulatory factors: physiopathological implications. J Biomed Biotechnol 2004; 2004:167-74.
64. Freire-de-Lima CG, Nunes MP, Corte-Real S, Soares MP, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L, et al. Proapototic activity of a Trypanosoma cruzi ceramide-containing glycolipid turned on in host macrophages by IFN-γ. J Immunol 1998; 161:4909-16.
65. Chuenkova MV, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK, Pereira MA. Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase: a potent and specific survival factor for human Schwann cells by means of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ Akt signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:9936-41.
66. Castro C, Macedo V, Resende JM, Prata A. Estudo radiológico longitudinal do esôfago, em área endêmica de doença de Chagas, em um período de seis anos. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1992; 25:225-30.
67. Storch W, Eckardt VF, Wienbeck M, Eberl T, Auer PG, Hecker A, et al. Autoantibodies to Auerbach's plexus in achalasia. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1995; 41:1033-8.
68. Raymond L, Lanch B, Shamji FM. Inflammatory aetiology of primary oesophageal achalasia: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of Auerbach's plexus. Histopathology 1999; 35:445-53.
69. Moses PL, Ellis LM, Anees MR. Antineuronal antibodies in idiopathic achalasia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 2003; 52:629-36.
70. Loviscek LF, Cenoz MC, Badaloni AE, Agarinakazato O. Early cancer in achalasia. Dis Esophagus 1998; 11:239-47.
71. Brücher BLDM, Stein HJ, Bartels H, Feussner H, Siewert JR. Achalasia and esophageal cancer: incidence, prevalence, and prognosis. World J Surg 2001; 25:745-9.
72. Fein M, Fuchs KH, DeMeester TM, Peters JH, Wimann D, Weig M. Evaluation of the intestinal microflora in the rat model for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2000; 13:39-43.
73. Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, Santos MAA, Ubriaco JA, Quintanilha AG, Cecconello I, et al. Megaesophagus microbiota: a qualitative and quantitative analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2002; 6:723-9.
74. Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, Santos MAA, Quintanilha AG, Cecconello I, Gama-Rodrigues J. Microbiota do megaesôfago e carcinogênese. Arq Gastroenterol 2003; 40:16-9.
75. Messmann H. Squamous cell cancer of the oesophagus. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 15:249-65.
76. Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Ribeiro Jr. U, Sakai P, Clarke MR, Fylyk SN, Ishioka S, et al. Integrated p53 histopathologic/ genetic analysis of premalignant lesions of the esophagus. Cancer Detect Prev 2000; 24:13-23.
77. Chino O, Kijima H, Shimada H, Nishi T, Tanaka H, Oshiba G, et al. Clinicopathological studies of esophageal carcinoma in achalasia: analysis of carcinogenesis using histological and immunohistochemical procedures. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:3717-22.
78. Manoel-Caetano FS, Borim AA, Caetano A, Cury PM, Silva AE. Cytogenetic alterations in chagasic achalasia compared to esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2004; 149:17-22.