The politics of lead toxicology and the devastating consequences for children

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

Volumn 50, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 740-756

  Rosner, David ^a   Markowitz, Gerald ^b  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

^b JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; History lead industry; Lead paint; Lead poisoning; Toxicology

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

CONFERENCE PAPER; ECONOMIC ASPECT; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; LEAD POISONING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; POLITICS; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED STATES;

ADVERTISING AS TOPIC; CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; CHILD; CONFLICT OF INTEREST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH POLICY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; LEAD; LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD; LOBBYING; PAINT; POLITICS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RESEARCH SUPPORT AS TOPIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 35648961163     PISSN: 02713586     EISSN: 10970274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20435     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (37)

1. Bellinger David C. 1995. Interpreting the literature on lead and child development: The neglected role of the 'Experimental System'. Neurotoxicol Teratol 17:201-212.
2. Blackfan KD. 1917. Lead Poisoning in children with especial reference to lead as a cause of convulsions. Am J Med Sci 153:877-887.
3. Breinl A, Young WJ. 1914. The occurrence of lead poisoning amongst North Queensland Children. Annals Trop Med Parasitol. 8:575-590.
4. Burd Stephen. 1994. Scientists see big business on the offensive. Chron High Educ A27
5. Burnham JC. 1999. Biomedical communication and the reaction to the Queensland childhood lead poisoning cases elsewhere in the world. Med Hist. 43:155-172.
6. Byers Randolph K. 1980. Introduction. In: Herbert L, editor. Low Level Lead Exposure: The Clinical Implications of Current Research. Needleman, New York: Raven Press. 2 p.
7. Dietrich Kim N. 1999. Environmental neurotoxicants and psychological development. In: Taylor G, Yeats KO, Ris MD, editors. Pediatric Neuropsychology: Research, Theory and Practice. New York: Guilford Press. 222 p.
8. Emmett Holt L, McIntosh Rustin. 1940. Holt's Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. pp 1368-1372.
9. Gibson JL. 1904. A plea for painted railings and painted walls of rooms as the source of lead poisoning amongst Queensland children. Australian Med Gaz. 149-153.
10. Gibson L. 1908. Plumbic ocular neuritis in Queensland children. Brit Med J. 1488-1490.
11. Gibson JL. 1917. The diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of plumbic ocular neuritis amongst Queensland children. Med J Australia. 2:201-204.
12. Juberg Daland R. 2000. Lead and Human Health: An Update 2nd ed. New York: American Council on Science and Health. 6, 21.
13. Kehoe Robert. 1933. Abstract of Discussion of Charles F. McKhann and E.C. Vogt, "Lead Poisoning in Children". JAMA 101:1131-1135.
14. Kilburn Kaye. 2000. A paradigm for environmental epidemiology: Why are effects of environmental exposures different from occupational effects? Arch Environ Health. 55:295-296.
15. Landrigan Philip J. 2000. Pediatric lead poisoning: Is there a threshold? Public Health Rep. 115:530-531.
16. Lanphear Bruce, Dietrich Kim, Auinger Peggy, Cox Christopher. 2000. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 ug/dL in U.S. children and adolescents. Public Health Rep 115: 521-529.
17. Lanphear Bruce, Hornung R, Khoury J, et al. 2005. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An International Pooled Analysis. Environ Health Pers 113:894-899.
18. Lewis Thomas A. 1995. The Difficult Quest of Herbert Needleman. National Wild 24
19. LIA. 1952. Lead in Modern Industry. New York, NY: LIA. p 153-154 this book continued to be promoted by the LIA until at least 1962. See: Lead Library of Technical Information. Lead. 1962; 26.
20. Markowitz Gerald, Rosner David. 2000. Cater to the children: The Role of the Lead Industry in a Public Health Tragedy, 1900-1955. AJPH 90:36-46.
21. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 1930. Statistical Bulletin 11.
22. Minot AS. 1938. The physiological effects of small amounts of lead: An evaluation of the lead hazard of the average individual. Physiol Rev 18:554-557.
23. Needleman Herbert, Bellinger David. 1984. Developmental consequences of childhood exposures to lead. In: Benjamin Lahey, Alan Kazdin, editors Advances in Clinical Child Psychology vol. 7. Plenum, pp 195-220.
24. Oliver T. 1911. A Lecture on Lead Poisoning and the Race. Brit Med J. 13:1096-1098.
25. Reaching Out for Business. 1927. Dutch Boy Painter 117.
26. Rosen John, Mushak Paul. 2001. Primary prevention of childhood lead poisoning - The only solution. NEJM 344:1470-1471.
27. Rosen John F, Pounds Joel G. 1998. 'Severe chronic lead insult that maintains body burdens of lead related to those in the skeleton': Observations of Dr. Clair Patterson Conclusively Demonstrated. Environ Res Sect A 78:140-151.
28. Ross John R, Brown Alan. 1935: Symposium on Common Poisonings: III Poisonings Common in Children. Canadian Pub Health J 26:237-243.
29. Salkever David. 1995. Updated Estimates of Earnings Benefits from Reduced Exposure of Children to Environmental Lead. Environ Res 70:1-6.
30. Schwartz Joel. 1993. Beyond LOEL's, P-values, and vote counting: Methods for looking at the shapes and strengths of associations. NeuroToxicol 14:237-246.
31. Schwartz Joel. 1994a. Societal benefits of reducing lead exposure. Environ Res 66:105-124.
32. Schwartz Joel. 1994b. Low-level lead exposure and children's IQ: A meta-analysis and search for a threshold. Environ Res 65:42-55.
33. Takes a Scrubbing with a Smile. 1937. The Modern Hospital. 48:35.
34. Thomas HM, Blackfan KD. 1914. Recurrent meningitis, due to lead in a child of five years. Am J Diseases Child. 8:377-380.
35. Turner AJ. 1908. Lead poisoning in childhood. Australasian Med Cong. 2-9.
36. Vogt Edward. 1932. Roentgenologic diagnosis of lead poisoning in infants and children. J Am Med Assoc 98:125.
37. Warren Christian. 2000. Brush with Death: A Social History of Lead Poisoning. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.