Distinguishing glaciogenic deposits in southern Finnish Lapland: Implications for exploration

Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science

Volumn 116, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 22-36

  Sarala, Pertti ^a   Rossi, S ^a   Peuraniemi, V ^b   Ojala, V J ^a  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Exploration; Finland; Gold; Moraine morphology; Quaternary geology; Ribbed moraine; Till geochemistry; Weathered bedrock

Indexed keywords

EXPLORATORY GEOCHEMISTRY; FINLAND; GEOMORPHOLOGY; GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING; MINERALOGY; STRATIGRAPHY;

MORAINE MORPHOLOGY; QUATERNARY GEOLOGY; RIBBED MORAINE; TILL GEOCHEMISTRY;

GLACIAL GEOLOGY;

BEDROCK; BOULDER; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; GLACIAL DEPOSIT; GLACIAL LANDFORM; GLACIATION; HEAVY MINERAL; MORAINE; MORPHOLOGY; QUATERNARY; STRATIGRAPHY; TERRAIN; TILL;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FINLAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 35549001794     PISSN: 03717453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/174327507X167019     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (67)

1. R. Aario: 'Classification and terminology of morainic landforms in Finland', Boreas, 1977, 6, 87-100.
2. R. Aario: 'Associations of flutings, drumlins, hummocks and transverse ridges', GeoJournal, 1977, 1, 65-72.
3. R. Aario: 'Morainic landforms in northern Finland', Nordia tiedonantoja Sarja A, 1990, 1, 13-27.
4. R. Aario and L. Forsström: 'Glacial stratigrapby of Koillismaa and North Kainuu, Finland', Fennia, 1979, 157, 1-49.
5. R. Aario and O. Heikkinen: 'The Third International Drumlin Symposium - Introduction', Geomorphology, 1992, 6, 1-7.
6. R. Aario and V. Peuraniemi: 'glacial dispersal of till constituents in morainic landforms of different types', Geomorphology, 1992, 6, 9-25.
7. R. Aario, V. Peuraniemi and P. Sarala: 'The Sihtuuna moraine at Tervola, southern Lapland', Sediment. Geol., 1997, 111, 135-145.
8. T. Alapieti and T. A. Huhtelin: 'The Kemi Intrusion and associated chromitite deposit', Geol. Surv. Finl. Guide, 2005, 51a, 13-32.
9. T. Alapieti: 'Early Palaeoproterozoic (2.5-2.4 Ga) Tornio-Näränkävaara layered intrusion belt and related chrome and platinum-group element mineralization, northern Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Guide, 2005, 51a, 5-11.
10. M. ⊣Ayräs: 'Geochemical gold prospecting at Vinsanmaa, northern Finland', J. Geochem. Expl., 1991, 39, 379-386.
11. R. N. W. DiLabio: 'Glacial dispersal trains', in: 'Glacial indicator tracing', (ed. R. Kujansuu and M. Saarnisto), 109-122; 1990, Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema.
12. K. A. Echelmeyer and Z.-X. Wang: 'Direct observation of basal sliding and deformation of basal drift at sub-freezing temperatures', J. Glaciol., 1987, 33, 83-98.
13. P. Eilu: 'FINGOLD - a public database on gold deposits in Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Rep. Invest., 1999, 146.
14. P. Eilu: 'FINZINC - a public database on zinc deposits in Finland', Res. Rep., 2000, 6, 11-15.
15. N. Eyles, C. H. Eyles and A. D. Miall: 'Lithofacies types and vertical profile models: an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences', Sedimentology, 1983, 30, 393-410.
16. E. Hanski, H. Huhma and V. Perttunen: 'SIMS U-Pb, SM-Nd isotope and geochemical study of an arkosite-amphibolite suite, Peräpohja Schist Belt: evidence for c. 1.98 Ga A-type felsic magmatism in northern Finland', Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl., 2005, 77, 5-29.
17. A. Hartikainen and P. Nurmi: 'Till geochemistry in gold exploration in the late Archean Hattu schist belt, Ilomantsi, eastern Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 1993, 17, 273-289.
18. C. Hättestrand: 'Ribbed moraines in Sweden - distribution pattern and paleoglaciological implications'. Sediment. Geol., 1997, 111, 41-56.
19. H. Hirvas, A. Alfthan, E. Pulkkinen, R. Puranen and R. Tynni: 'Raportti malminetsintää palvelevasta maaperätutkimuksesta Pohjois-Suomessa vuosina 1972-1976. Summary: a report on glacial drift investigations for ore prospecting purposes in northern Finland 1972-1976', Geol Surv. Finl. Rep. Invest., 1977, 19.
20. H. Hirvas and R. Tynni: 'Tertiääristä savea Savukoskella sekä havaintoja tertiäärisistä mikrofossiileista. Summary: tertiary clay deposit at Savukoski, Finnish Lapland, and observations of Tertiary microfossils, preliminary report', Geologi, 1976, 28, 33-40.
21. H. Hirvas: 'Application of glacial geological studies in prospecting in Finland', Geol. Surv. Can. Pap., 1989, 89-20, 1-6.
22. H. Hirvas and K. Nenonen: 'Field methods for glacial indicator tracing', in: 'Glacial indicator tracing', (ed. R. Kujansuu and M. Saarnisto), 217-248, 1990, Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema.
23. H. Hirvas: 'Pleistocene stratigraphy of Finnish Lapland', Bull. Geol. Surv. Finl., 1991, 354.
24. H. Huhma, R. A. Cliff, V. Perttunen and M. Sakko: 'Sm-Nd and Pb isotopic study of malic rocks associated with early Proterozoic continental rifting: the Peräpohja Schist Belt in northern Finland', Contribut. Mineral. Petrol., 1990, 104, 369-379.
25. J. Kleman and C. Hätterstrand: 'Frozen-bed Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum', Nature, 1999, 402, 63-66.
26. T. Koivisto: 'Geokemialliset tarkistustutkimukset Peräpohjan liuskealueella: moreenigeokemialliset kultatutkimukset Kivimaan ja Vinsan tunnettujen Cu-Au-juonimuodostumien ympäristässä. Tutkimusraportti nro 1, Geologian tutkimuskeskus, geokemia, Rovaniemi', unpublished report, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 1984.
27. T. Koivisto: 'Discovery of a Cu-Au mineralization by step-by-step proceeding till geochemical study in humid hilly peneplain', in 'Handbook of exploration geochemistry', Vol. 5, 'Regolith exploration geochemistry in arctic and temperate terrains', (ed. K. Kauranne et al.), 302-310; 1992, Amsterdam, Elsevier.
28. T. Koljonen (ed.): 'Suomen Geokemian Atlas, osa 2: Moreeni. The Geochemical Atlas of Finland, Part 2: Till', 218; 1992, Espoo, Geological Survey of Finland.
29. R. Kujansuu: 'Glaciogeological surveys for ore prospecting purposes in Northern Finland', Roy. Soc. Can. Spec. Publ., 1976, 12, 225-239.
30. L. M. Lawrance: 'Multi-element dispersion within salt-lake environments: case study of the buried Hannan South gold deposit, Western Australia', Geochem. Expl. Envir. Anal., 2001, 1, 323-339.
31. P. Lintinen: 'Origin and physical characteristics of till fines in Finland', Bull. Geol. Surv. Finl., 1995, 379.
32. J. Lundqvist: 'Problems of so-called Rogen moraine', Sver. Geol. Unders. Ser. C, 1969, 648C, 1-32.
33. K. Mäkinen: 'Interstadiaalinen turvekerrostuma Tervolan Kauvonkankalla. Summary: an interstadial peat layer at Kauvonkangas, Finnish Lapland', Geologi, 1979, 31, 82-87.
34. J. Menzies: 'The dynamics of ice flow', in 'Modern Glacial environments: processes, dynamics and sediments (Glacial environments: Volume 1)', (ed. J. Menzies), 139-196; 1995, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann.
35. J. Menzies and W. Shilts: 'Subglacial environments', in 'Past glacial environments: sediments, forms and techniques (Glacial environments: Volume 2)', (ed. J. Menzies), 15-136; 1996, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann.
36. B. McGlenaghan: 'Indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration', Geochem. Expl. Envir. Anal., 2005, 5, 233-245.
37. K. Nenonen: 'Pleistocene stratigraphy of southern Finland', in 'Glacial deposits in North-East Europe', (ed. J. Ehlers et al.), 11-28; 1995, Rotterdam, Balkema.
38. K. Nenonen: 'Pleistocene stratigraphy and reference sections in southern and western Finland', PhD thesis, Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland, 1995.
39. T. Niiranen, E. Hanski and P. Eilu: 'General geology, alteration, and iron deposits in the Palaeoproterozoic Misi region, northern Finland', Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl., 2003, 75, 69-92.
40. H. Niskavaara: 'A comprehensive scheme of analysis for soils, sediments, humus and plant samples using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 1995, 20, 167-175.
41. V. Perttunen: 'Peräpohjan alueen vulkaniitit. Lapin vulkaniittiprojektin raportti. Summary: volcanic rocks in the Peräpohja area, northern Finland. A report of the Lapland Volcanite Project', Goal. Surv. Finl. Rep. Invest., 1989, 92.
42. V. Perttunen, E. Hanski, J. Vaananen, P. Eilu and M. Lappalainen: 'Rovaniemen kartta-alueen kallioperä. Summary: Pre-Quaternary rocks of the Rovaniemi map-sheet area, Geological Map of Finland 1: 100 000, Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks', Sheet 3612 Rovaniemi, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 1996.
43. V. Perttunen and M. Lappalainen: 'Geology of the Peräpobja Schist Belt', Res Terrae. Ser. A, 1997, 13A, 71-74.
44. V. Perttunen and M. Vaasjoki: 'U-Pb geochronology of the Peräpohja Schist Belt, northwestern Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 2001, 33, 45-84.
45. V. Perttunen and E. Hanski: 'Törmäsjärven ja Koivun karttaalueiden kallioperä. Summary: pre-Quaternary rocks of the Törmäsjärvi and Koivu map-sheet areas, Geological Map of Finland 1: 100 000. Explanation to the maps of Pre-Quaternary rocks', Sheet 2631 Törmäsjärvi and 2633 Koivu', Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 2003.
46. V. Perttunen: 'Törmäjärvi. Geological map of Finland 1: 100 000: pre-Quaternary rocks', Sheet 2631, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 2002.
47. V. Peuraniemi: 'Geochemistry of till and mode of occurrence of metals in some moraine types in Finland', Bull. Geol. Surv. Finl., 1982, 322.
48. V. Peuraniemi: 'Heavy minerals in glacial material', in 'Glacial indicator tracing', (ed. R. Kujansuu and M. Saarnisto), 165-185; 1990, Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema.
49. V. Peuraniemi: 'The weathering crust in Finnish Lapland and its influence on the composition of glacial deposits', Nordia tiedonantoja Sarja A, 1990, 1, 7-11.
50. P. Rouhunkoski and P. Isokangas: 'The copper-gold vein deposit of Kivimaa at Tervola, N-Finland', Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl., 1974, 46, 29-35.
51. M. Saarnisto and E. Tamminen: 'Placer gold in Finnish Lapland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 1987, 3, 181-194.
52. R. Salminen and A. Hartikainen: 'Glacial transport of till and its influence on interpretation of geochemical results in North Karelia, Finland', Bull. Geol. Surv. Finl., 1985, 335.
53. R. Salminen (ed.): 'Alueellinen geokemiallinen kartoitus Suomessa vuosina 1982-1994. Summary: regional geochemical mapping in Finland in 1982-1994', Geol. Surv. Finl. Rep. Invest., 1995, 130.
54. R. Salminen and T. Tarvainen: 'Geochemical mapping and databases in Finland', J. Geochem Expl., 1995, 55, 321-327.
55. V.-P. Salonen: 'Glacial transport distance distributions of surface boulders in Finland', Bull. Geol Surv. Finl., 1986, 338.
56. P. Sarala and S. Rossi: 'Kupari- ja kultapitoisen hiertovyöhykkeen paikantaminen moreenigeokemiallisin tutkimuksin Peräpohjan liuskealueelta Pohjois-Suomessa. Summary: discovery of a copper-and gold-bearing shear zone as a result of research into the geochemistry of Peräpohja Schist Belt, northern Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Rep. Invest., 1998, 119.
57. P. Sarala, V. Peuraniemi and R. Aario: 'Glacial geology and till geochemistry in ore exploration in the Tervola area, southern Finnish Lapland', Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl., 1998, 70, 19-41.
58. P. Sarala and S. Rossi: 'The application of till geochemistry in exploration in the Rogen moraine area at Petäjävaara, northern Finland', J. Geochem. Expl., 2000, 68, 87-104.
59. P. Sarala: 'Ribbed-moreenit - jäätikön liikesuunnan poikittaiset indikaattorit. Summary: ribbed moraines - transverse indicators of the ice flow direction', Geologi, 2003, 55, 250-253.
60. P. Sarala: 'Till geochemistry in the ribbed moraine area of Peräpohjola, Finland', Appl. Geochem., 2005, 20, 1714-1736.
61. P. Sarala: 'Glacial morphology and dynamics with till geochemical exploration in the ribbed moraine area of Peräpohjola, Finnish Lapland', PhD thesis, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 2005.
62. P. Sarala and J. Nenonen: 'Ore prospecting in the ribbed moraine area of Misi, northern Finland', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 2005, 38, 25-29.
63. P. Sarala and S. Rossi: 'Rovaniemen - Tervolan alueen glasiaali-morfologiset ja -stratigrafiset tutkimukset ja niiden soveltaminen geokemialliseen malminetsintään. Summary: glacial geological and stratigraphical studies with applied geochemical exploration in the area of Rovaniemi and Tervola, southern Finnish Lapland', Geol. Surv. Finland Rep. Invest., 2006, 161.
64. O. Sarapää: 'Genesis and age of the Virtasalmi kaolin deposits, southeastern Finland', in: 'Proterozoic primary kaolin deposits at Virtasalmi, southeastern Finland', (ed. O. Sarapää), 87-152; 1996, Espoo, Geological Survey of Finland.
65. G. Söderman: 'Planation and weathering in eastern Fennoscandia', Fennia, 1985, 163, 347-352.
66. R. Sutinen: 'Glacial deposits, their electrical properties and surveying by image interpretation and ground penetrating radar', Bull. Geol. Surv. Finl., 1992, 359.
67. D. G. Vanderveer, M. J. Batterson and M. Mihychuk: 'Quaternary exploration in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada', Geol. Surv. Finl. Spec. Pap., 1987, 3, 143-156.