Gamma-ray burst afterglows

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1186-1198

  Zhang, Bing ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

Gamma ray bursts; Optical; Radio; Swift observatory; X rays

Indexed keywords

GLOW DISCHARGES; JETS; LIGHT EMISSION; WAVELENGTH; X RAYS;

CENTRAL ENGINE; FADING EMISSIONS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS (GRBS); SWIFT OBSERVATORY;

GAMMA RAYS;

EID: 35548996282     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.016     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. Akerlof C., et al. Observation of contemporaneous optical radiation from a gamma-ray burst. Nature 398 (1999) 400-402
2. Aloy M.A., Janka H.-T., and Mller E. Relativistic outflows from remnants of compact object mergers and their viability for short gamma-ray bursts. Astron. Astrophys. 436 (2005) 273-311
3. Barthelmy S.D., et al. The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the SWIFT Mission. Space Sci. Rev. 120 (2005) 143-164
4. Barthelmy S.D., et al. Discovery of an afterglow extension of the prompt phase of two gamma-ray bursts observed by swift. ApJ 635 (2005) L133-L136
5. Barthelmy S.D., et al. An origin for short gamma-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation. Nature 438 (2005) 994-996
6. Beloborodov A.M. On the efficiency of internal shocks in gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 539 (2000) L25-L28
7. Beloborodov A.M. Neutron-fed afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 585 (2003) L19-L22
8. Beloborodov A.M. Optical and GeV-TeV flashes from gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 618 (2005) L13-L16
9. Berger E., et al. A common origin for cosmic explosions inferred from calorimetry of GRB030329. Nature 426 (2003) 154-157
10. Berger E., Kulkarni S.R., and Frail D.A. A standard kinetic energy reservoir in gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 590 (2003) 379-385
11. Berger E., et al. The afterglow and elliptical host galaxy of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050724. Nature 438 (2005) 988-990
12. Blake C.H., et al. An infrared flash contemporaneous with the gamma-rays of GRB 041219a. Nature 435 (2005) 181-184
13. Blandford R.D., and McKee C.F. Fluid dynamics of relativistic blast waves. Phys. Fluids 19 (1976) 1130-1138
14. Bloom J.S., Frail D.A., and Kulkarni S.R. Gamma-ray burst energetics and the gamma-ray burst hubble diagram: promises and limitations. ApJ 594 (2003) 674-683
15. Bloom J.S., et al. Closing in on a short-hard burst progenitor: constraints from early-time optical imaging and spectroscopy of a possible host galaxy of GRB 050509b. ApJ 638 (2006) 354-368
16. Blustin A.J., et al. Swift panchromatic observations of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 050525a. ApJ 637 (2005) 901-913
17. Burrows, D.N. Swift X-ray afterglows: where are the X-ray jet breaks? Nuovo Cimento, submitted for publication, 2006.
18. Burrows D.N., et al. The Swift X-ray telescope. Space Sci. Rev. 120 (2005) 165-195
19. Burrows D.N., et al. X-ray flares in gamma-ray burst afterglows. Science 309 (2005) 1833-1835
20. Burrows D.N., et al. Jet breaks in short gamma-ray bursts. II: the collimated afterglow of GRB 051221A. ApJ 653 (2006) 468-473
21. Campana S., et al. Swift observations of GRB 050128: the early X-ray afterglow. ApJ 625 (2005) L23-L26
22. Campana S., et al. The X-ray afterglow of the short gamma ray burst 050724. Astron. Astrophys. 454 (2006) 113-117
23. Campana S., et al. The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave. Nature 442 (2006) 1008-1010
24. Chevalier R.A., and Li Z.Y. Wind interaction models for gamma-ray burst afterglows: the case for two types of progenitors. ApJ 536 (2000) 195-212
25. Chincarini, G. et al. Flares in gamma-ray bursts: I. morphology and timing properties as observed by Swift, in preparation, 2007.
26. Cusumano G., et al. Swift XRT observations of the afterglow of GRB 050319. ApJ 639 (2006) 316-322
27. Dai Z.G. Relativistic wind bubbles and afterglow signatures. ApJ 606 (2004) 1000-1005
28. Dai Z.G., and Lu T. Gamma-ray bursts and afterglows from rotating strange stars and neutron stars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4301-4304
29. M and dark energy with gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 612 (2004) L101-L104
30. Dai, X. et al. Optical and X-ray observations of GRB 060526: a complex afterglow with an achromatic jet break. ApJ, in press (astro-ph/0609269), 2007.
31. Dai Z.G., Wang X.Y., Wu X.F., and Zhang B. X-ray flares from postmerger millisecond pulsars. Science 311 (2006) 1127-1129
32. De Pasquale M., et al. Swift observations of GRB 050712. MNRAS 370 (2006) 1859-1866
33. Dyks, J., Zhang, B., Fan, Y.Z., 2006. Curvature effect in structured GRB jets. preprint astro-ph/0511699.
34. Eichler D., and Granot J. The case for anisotropic afterglow efficiency within gamma-ray burst jets. ApJ 641 (2006) L5-L8
35. Faber J.A., et al. General relativistic binary merger simulations and short gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 641 (2006) L93-L96
36. Falcone A.D., et al. The giant X-ray flare of GRB 050502B: evidence for late-time internal engine activity. ApJ 641 (2006) 1010-1017
37. Fan Y.Z., and Piran T. Gamma-ray burst efficiency and possible physical processes shaping the early afterglow. MNRAS 369 (2006) 197-206
38. Fan Y.Z., and Wei D.M. Late internal-shock model for bright X-ray flares in gamma-ray burst afterglows and GRB 011121. MNRAS 364 (2005) L42-L46
39. Fan Y.Z., and Xu D. The X-ray afterglow flat segment in short GRB 051221A: energy injection from a millisecond magnetar?. MNRAS 372 (2006) L19-L22
40. Fan Y.-Z., Dai Z.-G., Huang Y.-F., and Lu T. Optical flash of GRB 990123: constraints on the physical parameters of the reverse shock. Ch.J.A.A. 2 (2002) 449-453
41. Fan Y.Z., Wei D.M., and Wang C.F. The very early afterglow powered by ultra-relativistic mildly magnetized outflows. Astron. Astrophys. 424 (2004) 477-484
42. Fan Y.Z., Zhang B., and Wei D.M. Early optical afterglow lightcurves of neutron-fed gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 628 (2005) 298-314
43. Fan Y.Z., Zhang B., and Wei D.M. Early optical-infrared emission from GRB 041219a: neutron-rich internal shocks and a mildly magnetized external reverse shock. ApJ 628 (2005) L25-L28
44. Fan Y.Z., Zhang B., and Proga D. Linearly polarized X-ray flares following short gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 635 (2005) L129-L132
45. Fan Y.Z., Piran T., and Xu D. The interpretation and implication of the afterglow of GRB 060218. JCAP 09 (2006) 013
46. Fenimore E.E., Madras C.D., and Nayakshin S. Expanding relativistic shells and gamma-ray burst temporal structure. ApJ 473 (1996) 998-1012
47. Fox D.W., et al. Early optical emission from the gamma-ray burst of 4 October 2002. Nature 422 (2003) 284-286
48. Fox D.W., et al. Discovery of early optical emission from GRB 021211. ApJ 596 (2003) L5-L8
49. Fox D.B., et al. The afterglow of GRB 050709 and the nature of the short-hard gamma-ray bursts. Nature 437 (2005) 845-850
50. Frail D.A., et al. Beaming in gamma-ray bursts: evidence for a standard energy reservoir. ApJ 562 (2001) L55-L58
51. Frail D.A., et al. A complete catalog of radio afterglows: the first five years. AJ 125 (2003) 2299-2306
52. Freedman D.L., and Waxman E. On the energy of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 547 (2001) 922-928
53. Friedman A.S., and Bloom J.S. Toward a more standardized candle using gamma-ray burst energetics and spectra. ApJ 627 (2005) 1-25
54. Gao W.H., and Fan Y.Z. Short-living supermassive magnetar model for the early X-ray flares following short GRBs. Ch.J.A.A. (2006) 513-516
55. Gehrels N., et al. The swift gamma-ray burst mission. ApJ 611 (2004) 1005-1020
56. Gehrels N., et al. A short gamma-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy at redshift z = 0.225. Nature 437 (2005) 851-854
57. Gendre B., et al. The Gamma-ray burst 050904: evidence for a termination shock?. Astron. Astrophys. 462 (2007) 565-573
58. ν spectrum. ApJ 516 (2004) 331-338
59. Granot J., and Kumar P. Distribution of gamma-ray burst ejecta energy with Lorentz factor. MNRAS 366 (2006) L13-L16
60. Granot J., Nakar E., and Piran T. Astrophysics: refreshed shocks from a gamma-ray burst. Nature 426 (2003) 138-139
61. Granot J., Königl A., and Piran T. Implications of the early X-ray afterglow light curves of Swift gamma-ray bursts. MNRAS 370 (2006) 1946-1960
62. Grupe D., et al. Jet breaks in short gamma-ray bursts. I: the uncollimated afterglow of GRB 050724. ApJ 653 (2006) 462-467
63. Grupe, D. et al. Swift and XMM-Newton observations of the extraordinary GRB 060729. ApJ, submitted for publication, 2006b.
64. Harrison F.A., et al. Optical and radio observations of the afterglow from GRB 990510: evidence for a jet. ApJ 523 (1999) L121-L124
65. Heyl J.S., and Perna R. Broadband modeling of GRB 021004. ApJ 586 (2003) L13-L16
66. Hjorth J., et al. The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709. Nature 437 (2005) 859-861
67. Holland S.T., et al. Optical photometry of GRB 021004: the first month. AJ 125 (2003) 2291-2298
68. Ioka K., Kobayashi S., and Zhang B. Variabilities of gamma-ray burst afterglows: long-acting engine, anisotropic jet, or many fluctuating regions?. ApJ 631 (2005) 429-434
69. Ioka K., Toma K., Yamazaki R., and Nakamura T. Efficiency crisis of swift gamma-ray bursts with shallow X-ray afterglows: prior activity or time-dependent microphysics?. Astron. Astrophys. 458 (2006) 7-12
70. Jakobsson P., et al. Swift identification of dark gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 617 (2004) L21-L24
71. Jelinek M., et al. The bright optical flash from GRB 060117. Astron. Astrophys. 454 (2006) L119-L122
72. Jin, Z.P., Yan, T., Fan, Y.Z., Wei, D.M., 2006. The flat X-ray segment of GRB051221A: two component jet in short gamma-ray bursts, preprint (astro-ph/0610010).
73. Kann D.A., Zeh A., and Klose S. Signatures of extragalactic dust in pre-Swift GRB afterglows. ApJ 641 (2006) 993-1009
74. King A., et al. Gamma-ray bursts: restarting the engine. ApJ 630 (2005) L113-L116
75. Klotz A., et al. Continuous optical monitoring during the prompt emission of GRB 060111B. Astron. Astrophys. 451 (2006) L39-L42
76. Kobayashi S. Light curves of gamma-ray burst optical flashes. ApJ 545 (2000) 807-812
77. Kobayashi S., and Sari R. Optical flashes and radio flares in gamma-ray burst afterglow: numerical study. ApJ 542 (2000) 819-828
78. Kobayashi S., and Sari R. Ultraefficient internal shocks. ApJ 551 (2001) 934-939
79. Kobayashi S., and Zhang B. GRB 021004: reverse shock emission. ApJ 582 (2003) L75-L78
80. Kobayashi S., and Zhang B. Early optical afterglows from wind-type gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 597 (2003) 455-458
81. Kobayashi S., and Zhang B. The onset of gamma-ray burst afterglow. ApJ 655 (2007) 973-979
82. Kobayashi S., Piran T., and Sari R. Can internal shocks produce the variability in gamma-ray bursts?. ApJ 490 (1997) 92-98
83. Kobayashi S., Piran T., and Sari R. Hydrodynamics of a relativistic fireball: the complete evolution. ApJ 513 (1999) 678-699
84. Kobayashi S., Mészáros P., and Zhang B. A characteristic dense environment or wind signature in prompt gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 601 (2004) L13-L16
85. Kobayashi S., Zhang B., Mészáros P., and Burrows D. Inverse compton X-ray flare from GRB reverse shock. ApJ 655 (2007) 391-395
86. Kumar P. Gamma-ray burst energetics. ApJ 523 (1999) L113-L116
87. Kumar P., and Panaitescu A. Afterglow emission from naked gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 541 (2000) L51-L54
88. Kumar P., and Panaitescu A. A unified treatment of the gamma-ray burst 021211 and its afterglow. MNRAS 346 (2003) 905-914
89. Lazzati D., and Begelman M.C. Thick fireballs and the steep decay in the early X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 641 (2006) 972-977
90. Lazzati, D., Perna, R. X-ray flares and the duration of engine's activity in gamma-ray bursts, MNRAS, in press (astro-ph/0610730), 2007.
91. Lazzati D., et al. The afterglow of GRB 021004: surfing on density waves. Astron. Astrophys. 396 (2002) L5-L8
92. Lee W.H., Ramirez-Ruiz E., and Granot J. A compact binary merger model for the short, hard GRB 0050509B. ApJ 630 (2005) L165-L168
93. Li W., et al. The early light curve of the optical afterglow of GRB 021211. ApJ 596 (2003) L9-L12
94. Li Z., Dai Z.G., Lu T., and Song L.M. Pair loading in gamma-ray burst fireballs and prompt emission from pair-rich reverse shocks. ApJ 599 (2003) 380-386
95. Liang E.W., and Zhang B. Model-independent multivariable gamma-ray burst luminosity indicator and its possible cosmological implications. ApJ 633 (2005) 611-623
96. Liang E.W., and Zhang B. Identification of two categories of optically bright gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 638 (2006) L67-L70
97. Liang E.W., et al. Testing the curvature effect and internal origin of gamma-ray burst prompt emissions and X-ray flares with swift data. ApJ 646 (2006) 351-357
98. Lloyd-Ronning N.M., and Zhang B. On the kinetic energy and radiative efficiency of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 613 (2004) 477-483
99. MacFadyen A.I., Woosley S.E., and Heger A. Supernovae, jets, and collapsars. ApJ 550 (2001) 410-425
100. MaMahon E., Kumar P., and Piran T. Reverse shock emission as a probe of gamma-ray burst ejecta. MNRAS 366 (2006) 575-585
101. Mészáros P. Theories of gamma-ray bursts. ARAA 40 (2002) 137-169
102. Mészáros P. Gamma-ray bursts. Rep. Prog. Phys. 69 (2006) 2259-2322
103. Mészáros P., and Rees M.J. Relativistic fireballs and their impact on external matter - Models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 405 (1993) 278-284
104. Mészáros P., and Rees M.J. Optical and long-wavelength afterglow from gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 476 (1997) 232-237
105. Mészáros P., and Rees M.J. GRB 990123: reverse and internal shock flashes and late afterglow behaviour. MNRAS 306 (1999) L39-L43
106. Monfardini A., et al. High-quality early-time light curves of GRB 060206: implications for gamma-ray burst environments and energetics. ApJ 648 (2006) 1125-1131
107. Mundell, C.G. et al. The remarkable afterglow of GRB 061007: implications for optical flashes and GRB fireballs. ApJ, in press (astro-ph/0610660), 2007.
108. Nakar, E., Granot, J. Smooth light curves from a bumpy ride: relativistic blast wave encounters a density jump. preprint (astro-ph/0606011), 2006.
109. Nakar E., and Piran T. Early afterglow emission from a reverse shock as a diagnostic tool for gamma-ray burst outflows. MNRAS 353 (2004) 647-653
110. Nakar E., Piran T., and Granot J. Variability in GRB afterglows and GRB 021004. New Astron. 8 (2003) 495-505
111. Nardini M., et al. Clustering of the optical-afterglow luminosities of long gamma-ray bursts. Astron. Astrophys. 451 (2006) 821-833
112. Nousek J.A., et al. Evidence for a canonical gamma-ray burst afterglow light curve in the swift XRT data. ApJ 642 (2006) 389-400
113. Oates S.R., et al. Anatomy of a dark burst - the afterglow of GRB 060108. MNRAS 372 (2006) 327-337
114. O'Brien P.T., et al. The early X-ray emission from GRBs. ApJ 647 (2006) 1213-1237
115. Panaitescu A., and Kumar P. Fundamental physical parameters of collimated gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 560 (2001) L49-L52
116. Panaitescu A., and Kumar P. Properties of relativistic jets in gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 571 (2002) 779-789
117. Panaitescu A., and Kumar P. Analysis of two scenarios for the early optical emission of the gamma-ray burst afterglows 990123 and 021211. MNRAS 353 (2004) 511-522
118. Panaitescu A., Spada M., and Mészáros P. Power density spectra of gamma-ray bursts in the internal shock model. ApJ 522 (1999) L105-L108
119. Panaitescu A., Mészáros P., et al. Analysis of the X-ray emission of nine Swift afterglows. MNRAS 366 (2006) 1357-1366
120. Panaitescu A., Mészáros P., et al. Evidence for chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks in Swift gamma-ray burst afterglows and their theoretical implications. MNRAS 369 (2006) 2059-2064
121. Pe'er A., Mészáros P., and Rees M.J. Radiation from an expanding cocoon as an explanation of the steep decay observed in GRB early afterglow light curves. ApJ 652 (2006) 482-489
122. Perna R., Armitage P.J., and Zhang B. Flares in long and short gamma-ray bursts: a common origin in a hyperaccreting accretion disk. ApJ 636 (2006) L29-L32
123. Piran T. Gamma-ray bursts and the fireball model. Phys. Rep. 314 (1999) 575-667
124. Piran T. The physics of gamma-ray bursts. Rev. Mod. Phys. 76 (2005) 1143-1210
125. Piro L., et al. Probing the environment in gamma-ray bursts: the case of an x-ray precursor, afterglow late onset, and wind versus constant density profile in GRB 011121 and GRB 011211. ApJ 623 (2005) 314-324
126. Proga D., and Zhang B. The late time evolution of gamma-ray bursts: ending hyperaccretion and producing flares. MNRAS 370 (2006) L61-L65
127. Rees M.J., and Mészáros P. Relativistic fireballs - energy conversion and time-scales. MNRAS 258 (1992) 41-43
128. Rees M.J., and Mészáros P. Unsteady outflow models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 430 (1994) L93-L96
129. Rees M.J., and Mészáros P. Refreshed shocks and afterglow longevity in gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 496 (1998) L1-L5
130. Rhoads J.E. The dynamics and light curves of beamed gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 525 (1999) 737-749
131. Rol E., et al. How special are dark gamma-ray bursts: a diagnostic tool. ApJ 624 (2005) 868-879
132. Romano P., et al. X-ray flare in XRF 050406: evidence for prolonged engine activity. Astron. Astrophys. 450 (2006) 59-68
133. Roming P.W.A., et al. The swift ultra-violet/optical telescope. Space Sci. Rev. 120 (2005) 95-142
134. Roming P.W.A., et al. Suppression of the early optical afterglow of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 652 (2006) 1416-1422
135. Roming P.W.A., et al. GRB 060313: a new paradigm for short-hard bursts?. ApJ 651 (2006) 985-993
136. Roming, P.W.A. et al. Swift UVOT observations of early optical afterglows. Nuovo Cimento, submitted for publication, 2006c.
137. Rossi E., Lazzati D., and Rees M.J. Afterglow light curves, viewing angle and the jet structure of gamma-ray bursts. MNRAS 332 (2002) 945-950
138. Rosswog S. Mergers of neutron star-black hole binaries with small mass ratios: nucleosynthesis, gamma-ray bursts, and electromagnetic transients. ApJ 634 (2005) 1202-1213
139. Rykoff E.S., et al. The anomalous early afterglow of GRB 050801. ApJ 638 (2006) L5-L8
140. Sari R., and Mészáros P. Impulsive and varying injection in gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 535 (2000) L33-L36
141. Sari R., and Piran T. Hydrodynamic timescales and temporal structure of gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 455 (1995) L143-L146
142. Sari R., and Piran T. GRB 990123: the optical flash and the fireball model. ApJ 517 (1999) L109-L112
143. Sari R., and Piran T. Predictions for the very early afterglow and the optical flash. ApJ 520 (1999) 641-649
144. Sari R., Piran T., and Narayan R. Spectra and light curves of gamma-ray burst afterglows. ApJ 497 (1998) L17-L20
145. Sari R., Piran T., and Halpern J.P. Jets in gamma-ray bursts. ApJ 519 (1999) L17-L20
146. Sato, G. et al. Swift discovery of gamma-ray bursts without jet break features in their X-ray afterglows. ApJ, in press, 2007.
147. Schady P., et al. Swift UVOT observations of X-ray flash 050406. ApJ 643 (2006) 276-283
148. Schady, P. et al. Extreme properties of GRB 061007: a highly energetic or a highly collimated burst? MNRAS, submitted for publication (astro-ph/0611081), 2006b.
149. Shao L., and Dai Z.G. A reverse-shock model for the early afterglow of GRB 050525A. ApJ 633 (2005) 1027-1030
150. Shao, L., Dai, Z.G. Behaviors of X-ray dust-scattering and implications for X-ray afterglows of Gamma-ray bursts. ApJ, submitted for publication, 2006.
151. Shibata M., Taniguchi K., and Uryu K. Merger of binary neutron stars with realistic equations of state in full general relativity. PRD 71 (2005) 084021
152. Soderberg A.M., and Ramirez-Ruiz E. Flaring up: radio diagnostics of the kinematic, hydrodynamic and environmental properties of gamma-ray bursts. MNRAS 345 (2003) 854-864
153. Soderberg A.M., et al. A redshift determination for XRF 020903: first spectroscopic observations of an X-ray flash. ApJ 606 (2004) 994-999
154. Staff, J., Ouyed, R., Bagchi, M. A three stage model for the inner engine of Gamma Ray Burst: Prompt emission and early afterglow. ApJ, submitted for publication (astro-ph/0608470), 2006.
155. Stanek K.Z., et al. Anomalous Optical GRB Afterglows are Common: Two z ∼ 4 Bursts, GRB 060206 and 060210. ApJ 654 (2007) L21-L24
156. Tagliaferri G., et al. An unexpectedly rapid decline in the X-ray afterglow emission of long gamma-ray bursts. Nature 436 (2005) 985-988
157. Toma K., et al. Shallow decay of early X-ray afterglows from inhomogeneous gamma-ray burst jets. ApJ 640 (2006) L139-L142
158. Vaughan S., et al. Swift observations of the X-ray-bright GRB 050315. ApJ 638 (2006) 920-929
159. Vestrand W.T., et al. A link between prompt optical and prompt gamma-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts. Nature 435 (2005) 178-180
160. Villasenor J.S., et al. Discovery of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709. Nature 437 (2005) 855-858
161. Wei D.M. The afterglow of GRB 021211: Another case of reverse shock emission. Astron. Astrophys. 402 (2003) L9-L12
162. Wei D.M. The GRB early optical flashes from internal shocks: application to GRB990123, GRB041219a and GRB060111b. MNRAS 374 (2007) 525-529
163. Wei D.M., Yan T., and Fan Y.Z. The optical flare and afterglow light curve of GRB 050904 at redshift z = 6.29. ApJ 636 (2006) L69-L72
164. Willingale, R. et al. Testing the standard fireball model of GRBs using late X-ray afterglows measured by Swift. ApJ, submitted for publication (astro-ph/0612031), 2006.
165. Wu X.F., Dai Z.G., Huang Y.F., and Lu T. Optical flashes and very early afterglows in wind environments. MNRAS 342 (2003) 1131-1138
166. Wu, X.F., Dai, Z.G. et al. X-ray flares: late internal and late external shocks. ApJ, submitted for publication (astro-ph/0512555), 2006.
167. Yamazaki R., et al. Tail emission of prompt gamma-ray burst jets. MNRAS 369 (2006) 311-316
168. Yost S., et al. A study of the afterglows of four gamma-ray bursts: constraining the explosion and fireball model. ApJ 597 (2003) 459-473
169. Yu, W., Dai, Z.G. Relativistic eind bubbles and X-ray afterglows of GRB 060813 and GRB 060814. MNRAS, submitted for publication, 2006.
170. Zhang B., and Kobayashi S. Gamma-ray burst early afterglows: reverse shock emission from an arbitrarily magnetized ejecta. ApJ 628 (2005) 315-334
171. Zhang B., and Mészáros P. Gamma-ray burst afterglow with continous energy injection: signature of a highly-magnetized millisecond pulsar. ApJ 552 (2001) L35-L38
172. Zhang B., and Mészáros P. Gamma-ray bursts with continuous energy injection and their afterglow signature. ApJ 566 (2002) 712-722
173. Zhang B., and Mészáros P. Gamma-ray bursts beaming: a universal configuration with a standard energy reservoir?. ApJ 571 (2002) 876-879
174. Zhang B., and Mészáros P. Gamma-ray bursts: progress, problems & prospects. IJMPA 19 (2004) 2385-2472
175. Zhang B., Kobayashi S., and Mészáros P. Gamma-ray burst early optical afterglow: implications for the initial Lorentz factor and the central engine. ApJ 595 (2003) 950-954
176. Zhang B., Fan Y.Z., Dyks J., et al. Physical processes shaping GRB X-ray afterglow lightcurves: theoretical implications from the Swift XRT observations. ApJ 642 (2006) 354-370
177. Zhang B., Liang E.W., Page K., et al. GRB radiative efficiency derived from the Swift data: GRBs vs. XRFs, long vs. short. ApJ 655 (2007) 989-1001
178. Zou Y.C., Dai Z.G., and Xu D. Is GRB 050904 a superlong burst?. ApJ 646 (2006) 1098-1103