Estimating the temporal relationship between PrPSc detection and incubation period in experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy of cattle

Journal of General Virology

Volumn 88, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 3198-3208

  Arnold, M E ^a   Ryan, J B M ^a   Konold, T ^a   Simmons, M M ^a   Spencer, Y I ^a   Wear, A ^a   Chaplin, M ^a   Stack, M ^a   Czub, S ^b   Mueller, R ^c   Webb, P R ^a   Davis, A ^a,d   Spiropoulos, J ^a   Holdaway, J ^a   Hawkins, S A C ^a   Austin, A R ^a,e   Wells, G A H ^a  

^a VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^b CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY   (Canada)

^c Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^e Oak Farm   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PRION PROTEIN;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; BRAIN STEM; CATTLE DISEASE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INCUBATION TIME; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SLAUGHTERHOUSE; SPINAL GANGLION;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM; GANGLIA, AUTONOMIC; GANGLIA, SPINAL; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; PRPSC PROTEINS; TIME FACTORS;

ANIMALIA; BOS; BOVINAE;

EID: 35548987931     PISSN: 00221317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82987-0     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arnold, M. & Wilesmith, J. W. (2003). Modelling studies on BSE occurrence to assist in the review of the over 30 months rule in GB. Proc Biol Sci 270, 2141-2145.
2. Arnold, M. E. & Wilesmith, J. W. (2004). Estimation of the age-dependent risk of infection to BSE of dairy cattle in Great Britain. Prev Vet Med 66, 35-47.
3. Austin, A. R., Hawkins, S. A. C., Kelay, N. S. & Simmons, M. M. (1994). New observations on the clinical signs of BSE and scrapie. In A Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, held in Brussels 14-15 September 1993, pp. 277-287. Edited by R. Bradley & B. Marchant. Document VI/4131/94-EN. Brussels: European Commission.
4. Baldauf, E., Beekes, M. & Diringer, H. (1997). Evidence for an alternative direct route of access for the scrapie agent to the brain bypassing the spinal cord. J Gen Virol 78, 1187-1197.
5. Beekes, M., McBride, P. A. & Baldauf, E. (1998). Cerebral targeting indicates vagal spread of infection in hamsters fed with scrapie. J Gen Virol 79, 601-607.
6. Buschmann, A. & Groschup, M. H. (2005). Highly bovine spongiform encephalopathy-sensitive transgenic mice confirm the essential restriction of infectivity to the nervous system in clinically diseased cattle. J Infect Dis 192, 934-942.
7. Comer, P. J. & Huntly, P. J. (2004). Exposure of the human population to BSE infectivity over the course of the BSE epidemic in Great Britain and the impact of changes to the Over Thirty Month Rule. J Risk Res 7, 523-543.
8. Deslys, J. P., Comoy, E., Hawkins, S., Simon, S., Schimmell, H., Wells, G., Grassi, J. & Moynagh, J. (2001). Screening slaughtered cattle for BSE. Nature 409, 476-478.
9. Efron, B. (1985). Bootstrap confidence intervals for a class of parametric problems. Biometrika 72, 45-58.
10. Espinosa, J. C., Morales, M., Castilla, J., Rogers, M. & Torres, J. M. (2007). Progression of prion infectivity in asymptomatic cattle after oral bovine spongiform encephalopathy challenge. J Gen Virol 88, 1379-1383.
11. European Food Safety Authority (2005). Annex to the Opinion. Report of the Working Group on the assessment of the age limit in cattle for the removal of certain specified risk materials (SRM). http://www.efsa.europa.eu/etc/medialib/efsa/science/biohaz/ biohaz_opinions/opinion_annexes/933.Par.0001.File.dat/ biohaz_report_ej220_srmremove_en1.pdf. EFSA J 220, 1-21.
12. Ferguson, N. M. & Donnelly, C. A. (2003). Assessment of risk posed by bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle in Great Britain and the impact of changes to current control measures. Proc Biol Sci 270, 1579-1584.
13. Fraser, H. & Foster, J. (1994). Transmission to mice, sheep and goats and bioassay of bovine tissues. In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: A Consultation on BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, held in Brussels, 14-15 September 1993, pp. 145-159. Edited by R. Bradley & B. Marchant. Document VI/4131/94-EN. Brussels: European Commission Agriculture.
14. Grassi, J., Simon, S., Créminon, C., Frobert, Y., Comoy, E., Trapmann, S., Schimmel, H., Hawkins, S. A. C., Wells, G. A. H. & other authors (2001). Rapid test for the preclinical post-mortem diagnosis of BSE in central nervous system tissue. Vet Rec 149, 577-582.
15. Hoffmann, C., Ziegler, U., Buschmann, A., Weber, A., Kupfer, L., Oelschlegel, A., Hammerschmidt, B. & Groschup, M. H. (2007). Prions spread via the autonomic nervous system from the gut to the central nervous system in cattle incubating bovine spongiform encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 88, 1048-1055.
16. Kimberlin, R. H. & Walker, C. A. (1988). Incubation periods in six models of intraperitoneally injected scrapie depend mainly on the dynamics of agent replication within the nervous system and not the lymphoreticular system. J Gen Virol 69, 2953-2960.
17. Kimberlin, R. H. & Walker, C. A. (1989). Pathogenesis of scrapie in mice after intragastric infection. Virus Res 12, 213-220.
18. Konold, T., Bone, G., Ryder, S., Hawkins, S. A. C., Courtin, F. & Berthelin-Baker, C. (2004). Clinical findings in 78 suspected cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain. Vet Rec 155, 659-666.
19. Sc)-specific epitope defined by a monoclonal-antibody. Nature 390, 74-77.
20. MAFF (1995). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain: a Progress Report. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
21. Masujin, K., Matthews, D., Wells, G. A. H., Mohri, S. & Yokoyama, T. (2007). Prions in the peripheral nerves of bovine spongiform encephalopathy-affected cattle. J Gen Virol 88, 1850-1858.
22. McBride, P. A. & Beekes, M. (1999). Pathological PrP is abundant in sympathetic and sensory ganglia of hamsters fed with scrapie. Neurosci Lett 265, 135-138.
23. McBride, P. A., Schulz-Schaeffer, W. J., Donaldson, M., Bruce, M., Diringer, H., Kretzschmar, H. A. & Beekes, M. (2001). Early spread of scrapie from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system involves autonomic fibers of the splanchnic and vagus nerves. J Virol 75, 9320-9327.
24. O'Rourke, K. I., Baszler, T. V., Besser, T. E., Miller, J. M., Cutlip, R. C., Wells, G. A., Ryder, S. J., Parish, S. M., Hamir, A. N. & other authors (2000). Preclinical diagnosis of scrapie by immunohistochemistry of third eyelid lymphoid tissue. J Clin Microbiol 38, 3254-3259.
25. Schimmel, H., Catalani, P., Le Guern, L., Prokisch, J., Philipp, W., Trapmann, W., Zeleny, R. & Moynagh, J. (2002). The Evaluation of Five Rapid Tests for the Diagnosis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy in Bovines (2nd Study). http://ec.europa.eu/food/ food/biosafety/bse/bse424_en.pdf
26. Stack, M. J. (2004). Western immunoblotting techniques for the study of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In Techniques in Prion Research, pp. 97-116. Edited by S. Lehmann & J. Grassi. Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag.
27. Terry, L. A., Marsh, S., Ryder, S. J., Hawkins, S. A. C., Wells, G. A. H. & Spencer, Y. I. (2003). Detection of disease-specific PrP in the distal ileum of cattle orally exposed to the BSE agent. Vet Rec 152, 387-392.
28. van Keulen, L. J. M., Schreuder, B. E. C., Vromans, M. E. W., Langeveld, J. P. M. & Smiths, M. A. (2000). Pathogenesis of natural scrapie in sheep. Arch Virol Suppl 16, 57-71.
29. Wells, G. A. H. & Hawkins, S. A. C. (2004). Animal models of transmissible bovine spongiform encephalopathies: experimental infection, observation and tissue collection. In Techniques in Prion Research, pp. 37-71. Edited by S. Lehmann & J. Grassi. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag.
30. Wells, G. A. H. & Wilesmith, J. W. (2004). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and related diseases. In Prion Biology and Diseases, 2nd edn, pp. 595-628. Edited by S. Prusiner. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
31. Wells, G. A. H., Scott, A. C., Johnson, C. T., Gunning, R. F., Hancock R. D., Jeffrey, M., Dawson, M. & Bradley, R. (1987). A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Vet Rec 121, 419-420.
32. Wells, G. A. H., Hancock, R. D., Cooley, W. A., Richards, M. S., Higgins, R. J. & David, G. P. (1989). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: diagnostic significance of vacuolar change in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata. Vet Rec 125, 521-524.
33. Wells, G. A. H., Dawson, M., Hawkins, S. A. C., Austin, A. R., Green, R. B., Dexter, I., Horigan, M. W. & Simmons, M. M. (1996). Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - The BSE Dilemma, pp. 28-44. Edited by C. J. Gibbs, Jr. New York: Springer.
34. Wells, G. A. H., Hawkins, S. A. C., Green, R. B., Austin, A. R., Dexter, I., Spencer, Y. I., Chaplin, M. J., Stack, M. J. & Dawson, M. (1998). Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update. Vet Rec 142, 103-106.
35. Wells, G. A. H., Hawkins, S. A. C., Green, R. B., Spencer, Y. I., Dexter, I. & Dawson, M. (1999). Limited detection of sternal bone marrow infectivity in the clinical phase of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Vet Rec 144, 292-294.
36. Wells, G. A. H., Spiropoulos, J., Hawkins, S. A. C. & Ryder, S. J. (2005). Pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy: preclinical infectivity in tonsil and observations on the distribution of lingual tonsil in slaughtered cattle. Vet Rec 156, 401-407.
37. Wells, G. A. H., Konold, T., Arnold, M. E., Austin, A. R., Hawkins, S. A. C., Stack M., Simmons, M. M., Lee, Y. H., Gavier-Widén, D. & other authors (2007). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: the effect of oral exposure dose on attack rate and incubation period in cattle. J Gen Virol 88, 1363-1373.
38. Wilesmith, J. W., Wells, G. A. H., Cranwell, M. P. & Ryan, J. B. M. (1988). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies. Vet Rec 123, 638-644.
39. Wilesmith, J. W., Ryan, J. B. M. & Hueston, W. D. (1992). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: case control studies of calf feeding practices and meat and bone meal inclusion in proprietary concentrates. Res Vet Sci 52, 325-331.