The development of fluvial stochastic modelling in the Norwegian oil industry: A historical review, subsurface implementation and future directions

Sedimentary Geology

Volumn 202, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 249-268

  Keogh, Kevin Joseph ^a   Martinius, Allard Willem ^a   Osland, Rune ^a  

^a STATOIL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Fluvial depositional systems; Norwegian petroleum industry; Reservoir characterisation; Stochastic modelling

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; CONTINENTAL SHELF; FUTURE PROSPECT; HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR; MODELING; OIL INDUSTRY; PERMEABILITY; RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION; SANDSTONE; STOCHASTICITY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA; NORWEGIAN MARGIN [NORTH SEA];

EID: 35548976114     PISSN: 00370738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.009     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Ainsworth R.B., Sanlung M., and Duivenvoorden S.T.C. Correlation techniques, perforation strategies and recover factors: an integrated 3D reservoir modeling study, Sirikit Field, Thailand. AAPG Bulletin 83 10 (1999) 1535-1551
2. Augedal H.O., Omre H., and Stanley K.O. SISABOSA - a program for stochastic modelling and evaluation of reservoir geology. In: Kjeller (Ed). Conference Proceedings: Reservoir Description and Simulation with Emphasis on EOR (1986) 1-18
3. Bailey W.R., Manzocchi T., Walsh J.J., Keogh K.J., Hodgetts D., Rippon J.H., Nell P.A.R., and Flint S.S. The effect of faults on the 3-D connectivity of reservoir bodies: a case study from the East Pennines Coalfield, U.K. Petroleum Geoscience 8 3 (2002) 263-278
4. Blunt M.J., Liu K., and Thiele M.R. A generalized streamline method to predict reservoir flow. Petroleum Geoscience 2 3 (1996) 259-269
5. Bratvold R., Holden L., Svanes T., and Tyler K. STORM: integrated 3D stochastic reservoir modeling tool for geologists and reservoir engineers. SPE 27563 (1994)
6. Bridge J.S., and Leeder M.R. A simulation model of alluvial stratigraphy. Sedimentology 26 5 (1979) 617-644
7. Caers J., and Zhang T. Multi-point geostatistics: a quantitative vehicle for integrating geologic analogs into multiple reservoir models. In: Grammer G.M., Harris P.M.M., and Eberli G.P. (Eds). Integration of Outcrop and Modern Analogs in Reservoir Modeling. AAPG Memoir vol. 80 (2004) 383-394
8. Caers J.K., Srinivasan S., and Journel A.G. Geostatistical quantification of geological information for a fluvial-type North Sea reservoir. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3 5 (2000) 457-467
9. Clemetsen R., Hurst A.R., Knarud R., and Omre K.H. A computer program for evaluation of fluvial reservoirs. In: Buller A.T., et al. (Ed). North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs; II, Proceedings of the North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs Conference (1989), Graham & Trotman 373-385
10. Curie B.S. Sequence stratigraphy of nonmarine Jurassic-Cretaceous rocks, central Cordilleran foreland-basin system. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 109 (1997) 1206-1222
11. Dalrymple M. Fluvial reservoir architecture in the Statfjord Formation (northern North Sea) augmented by outcrop analogue statistics. Petroleum Geoscience 7 2 (2001) 115-122
12. Damsleth E., and Omre H. Geostatistical approaches in reservoir evaluation. Journal of Petroleum Technology 37681 (1997) 498-501
13. Deutsch C.V., and Tran T.T. FLUVSIM: a program for object-based stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems. Computers & Geosciences 28 4 (2002) 525-535
14. Deutsch C.V., and Wang L. Hierarchical object-based stochastic modeling of fluvial reservoirs. Mathematical Geology 28 7 (1996) 857-880
15. Dreyer T. Sand body dimensions and infill sequences of stable, humid-climate delta plain channels. In: Buller A.T., Berg E., Hjelmeland O., Kleppe J., Torsæter O., and Aasen J.O. (Eds). North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs vol. 2 (1990), Graham & Trotman 337-351
16. Dreyer T., Scheie A., and Walderhaug O. Minipermeameter-based study of permeability trends in channel sand bodies. AAPG Bulletin 74 4 (1990) 359-374
17. Dreyer T., Falt L.-M., Høy T., and Knarud R. Quantified fluvial outcrop data for reservoir modelling purposes from the Escanilla Fm, Sobrarbe sub-basin, Spanish Pyrenees. 13th International Sedimentological Congress (1990), IAS, Nottingham, United Kingdom 141
18. Dreyer T., Falt L.-M., Hoy T., Knarud R., Steel R., and Cuevas J.-L. Sedimentary architecture of field analogues for reservoir information (SAFARI): a case study of the fluvial Escanilla formation, Spanish pyrenees. In: Flint S.S., and Bryant I.D. (Eds). The Geological Modelling of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogues (1993), Blackwell Scientific Publications 57-80
19. Dubrule O. A review of stochastic models for petroleum reservoirs. In: Armstrong M. (Ed). Geostatistics (1989), Kluwer Publishers 493-506
20. Dubrule O. Geostatistics in petroleum geology AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series 38. American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1998) 250
21. Dubrule O., and Damsleth E. Achievements and challenges in petroleum geostatistics. Petroleum Geoscience 7 (2001) S1-S7 (supplement)
22. Egeland T., Georgsen F., Knarud R., and Omre H. Multifacies modelling of fluvial reservoirs. SPE 26502 (1993) 863-872
23. Elfenbein C., Ringrose P., and Christie M. Small-scale reservoir modeling tool optimizes recovery offshore Norway. World Oil 10 (2005) 45-50
24. Georgsen F., Egeland T., Knarud R., and Omre H. Conditional simulation of facies architecture in fluvial reservoirs. In: Armstrong C., and Dowd P.A. (Eds). Geostatistical Simulations (1994), Kluwer Academic Publishers 235-250
25. Haldorsen H.H. Simulator parameter assignment and the problem of scale in reservoir engineering. In: Lake L.W., and Carroll Jr. H.B. (Eds). Reservoir Characterization (1986), Academic Press, Inc. 293-340
26. Haldorsen H.H., and Damsleth E. Stochastic modeling. Journal of Petroleum Technology 20321 (1990) 404-412
27. Haldorsen H.H., Brand P.J., and MacDonald C.J. Review of the stochastic nature of reservoirs. In: Edwards S., and King P.R. (Eds). Mathematics in Oil Production (1988), Oxford Science Publications, Oxford 109-210
28. Hatløy A. Numerical facies modelling combining deterministic and stochastic methods. In: Yarus J.M., and Chambers R.L. (Eds). Stochastic Modelling and Geostatistics: Principles, Methods and Case Studies. AAPG Computer Applications in Geology vol. 3 (1994), AAPG 109-120
29. Hauge R., Skorstad A., and Holden L. Conditioning a fluvial reservoir on stacked seismic amplitudes. In: Buccianti A., Nardi G., and Potenza R. (Eds). Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, Isola d'Ischia, Italy (1998) 800-805
30. Henriques A., Tyler K., and Hurst A. Characterisation of fluvial sedimentology for reservoir simulation modelling. SPE 18323 (1990)
31. Hoffman K.S., Neave J.W., Nilsen E.H., and Sarkisov G. Application of the fused fault block technique to fault network modeling. SPE, paper 102375-MS (2006)
32. Holden L., Hauge R., Skare O., and Skorstad A. Modeling of fluvial reservoirs with object models. Mathematical Geology 30 5 (1998) 473-496
33. Holden L., Mostad P., Nielsen B.F., Gjerde J., Townsend C., and Ottesen S. Stochastic structural modelling. Mathematical Geology 35 8 (2003) 899-914
34. Howell J.A., and Flint S.S. Application of sequence stratigraphy in petroleum geology and 3-D reservoir modelling. In: Armentrout J.M. (Ed). Sequence Stratigraphic Models for Exploration and Production: Evolving Methodology, Emerging Models and Application Histories. 22nd Annual Gulf Coast Section SEPM Foundation Bob F. Perkins research conference, Houston, Texas (2002) 633-644
35. Johnson H.D., and Krol D.E. Geological modelling of a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir: Lower Jurassic Statfjord Formation, Brent Field. SPE 13050 (1984)
36. Jones A., Doyle J., Jacobsen T., and Kjonsvik D. Which sub-seismic heterogeneities influence waterflood performance? A case study of a low net-to-gross fluvial reservoir. In: de Haan H.J. (Ed). New Developments in Improved Oil Recovery (1995), Geological Society of London 5-18
37. Journel A.G., Gundeso R., Gringarten E., and Yao T. Stochastic modelling of a fluvial reservoir: a comparative review of algorithms. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 21 1-2 (1998) 95-121
38. Karssenberg D., Tornqvist T.E., and Bridge J.S. Conditioning a process-based model of sedimentary architecture to well data. Journal of Sedimentary Research. Section B, Stratigraphy and Global Studies 71 6 (2001) 868-879
39. Kashib T., and Srinivasan S. A probabilistic approach to integrating dynamic data in reservoir models. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 50 3-4 (2006) 241
40. Keogh, K.J., 2002. Sequence stratigraphy and 3-D modelling of the East Pennine Coalfield, UK: a deterministic and stochastic approach. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, 281 pp.
41. King M.J., and Datta-Gupta A. Streamline simulation: a current perspective. In Situ 22 1 (1998) 91-140
42. Knai T.A., and Knipe R.J. The impact of faults on fluid flow in the Heidrun Field. In: Jones G., Fisher Q.J., and Knipe R.J. (Eds). Faulting, Fault Sealing and Fluid Flow in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. Geological Society of London Spec Pub vol. 147 (1998) 269-282
43. Lake L.W., and Carroll H.B. Reservoir Characterization. Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference (1986), Academic Press 650 pp.
44. Lecour M., Cognot R., Duvinage I., Thore P., and Dulac J.-C. Modelling of stochastic faults and fault networks in a structural uncertainty study. Petroleum Geoscience 7 (2001) S31-S42 (Special Issue)
45. Legarreta L., Uliana M.A., Larotonda C.A., and Meconi G.R. Approaches to nonmarine sequence stratigraphy - theoretical models and examples from Argentine basins. In: Eschard R., and Doligez B. (Eds). Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from Outcrop Observations (1993), Éditions Technip, Paris 125-143
46. Lia O., Tjelmeland H., and Kjellesvik L. Modelling of facies architecture by marked-point models. In: Baafi E.Y., and Schofield N.A. (Eds). Geostatistics Wollongong '96, Proceedings of the Fifth international Geostatistics Congress, Wollongong, Australia (1996) 386-397
47. MacDonald A.C., and Halland E.K. Sedimentology and shale modeling of a sandstone-rich fluvial reservoir; upper Statfjord Formation, Statfjord Field, Northern North Sea. AAPG Bulletin 77 6 (1993) 1016-1040
48. MacDonald A.C., Hoye T.H., Lowry P., Jacobsen T., Aasen J.O., and Gringheim A.O. Stochastic flow unit modelling of a North Sea coastal-deltaic reservoir. First Break 10 4 (1992) 124-133
49. Manzocchi T., Walsh J.J., Nell P., and Yielding G. Fault transmissibility multipliers for flow simulation models. Petroleum Geoscience 5 1 (1999) 53-63
50. Martinius A.W., and Næss A. Uncertainty analysis of fluvial outcrop data for stochastic reservoir modelling. Petroleum Geoscience 11 3 (2005) 203-214
51. Martinsen O.J., Ryseth A., Helland-Hansen W., Flesche H., Torkildsen G., and Idil S. Stratigraphic base level and fluvial architecture: Ericson Sandstone (Campanian), Rock Springs Uplift, SW Wyoming, USA. Sedimentology 46 2 (1999) 235-259
52. Matheron G., Beucher H., de Fouquet C., Galli A., Guerillot D., and Ravenne C. Conditional simulation of the geometry of fluvio-deltaic reservoirs. SPE 16753 (1987)
53. McCarthy P.J., and Plint A.G. Spatial variability of palaeosols across Cretaceous interfluves in the Dunvegan Formation, NE British Columbia, Canada: palaeohydrological, palaeogeomorphological and stratigraphic implications. Sedimentology 50 6 (2003) 1187-1220
54. Mjøs R., Nilsson I., Wathne E.I., Strömbäck A., Kjemperud A.V., Schomacker E.R., and Cross T.A. Stratigraphically controlled depositional changes and reservoir characterisation of the Snorre Field, North Sea. In: Weltje G.J., de Boer P., Vanden Berghe J., van der Zwan K., Stouthamer E., and Wolfert H. (Eds). 8th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology (2005), IAS, Delft University, Netherlands 206
55. Næss, A., Falt, L.-M., Corregidor, J., Laegreid, U., 1997. 3D-models from outcrop analogues; fluvial 3D architecture of the Escanilla Fm., Spanish Pyrenees, American Association of Petroleum Geologists 1997 annual convention. Annual Meeting Abstracts. American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Dallas, TX, United States, pp. 86-87.
56. Nordahl K., Ringrose P.S., and Wen R. Petrophysical characterization of a heterolithic tidal reservoir interval using a process-based modelling tool. Petroleum Geoscience 11 1 (2005) 17-28
57. North C.P. The prediction and modelling of subsurface fluvial stratigraphy. In: Carling P.A., and Dawson M.R. (Eds). Advances in fluvial dynamics and stratigraphy (1996), John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 395-508
58. Olsen T.R. Sequence stratigraphy, alluvial architecture and potential reservoir heterogeneities of fluvial deposits: evidence from outcrop studies in Price Canyon, Utah (Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary). In: Steel R.J., Felt V.L., Johannessen E.P., and Mathieu C. (Eds). Sequence Stratigraphy on the Northwest European Margin (1995), Elsevier for Norwegian Petroleum Society 75-96
59. Øren P.-E., Bakke S., and Arntzen O.J. Extending predictive capabilities to network models. SPE Journal 3 4 (1998) 324-336
60. Osland R., Strömbäck A., Omdal S., Krogh Berg F., and Seldal M. Reservoir Model of the Snorre Field 2006. RA-SNORRE-00262, Statoil ASA (Internal Report) (2006)
61. Ottesen S., Townsend C., and Øverland K.M. Investigating the effect of varying fault geometry and transmissibility on recovery: using a new workflow for structural uncertainty modeling in a clastic reservoir. In: Boult P., and Kaldi J. (Eds). Evaluating Fault and Cap Rock Seal. AAPG Hedberg Series vol. 2 (2005), AAPG 125-136
62. Reynolds A.D. Dimensions of paralic sandstone bodies. AAPG Bulletin 83 2 (1999) 211-229
63. Ringrose P.S., Nordahl K., and Wen R. Vertical permeability estimation in heterolithic tidal deltaic sandstones. Petroleum Geoscience 11 1 (2005) 29-36
64. Ritchie J.S., Pilling D., and Hayes S. Reservoir development, sequence stratigraphy and geological modelling of Westphalian fluvial reservoirs of the Caister C Field, UK Southern North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience 4 3 (1998) 203-211
65. Ryseth A., Fjellbirkeland H., Kloster Osmundsen I., Skalnes A., and Zachariassen E. High-resolution stratigraphy and seismic attribute mapping of a fluvial reservoir: Middle Jurassic Ness Formation, Oseberg Field. AAPG Bulletin 82 9 (1998) 1627-1651
66. Sandsdalen C., Barbieri M., Tyler K., and Aasen J. Applied uncertainty analysis using stochastic modelling. SPE 35533 (1996)
67. Shanley K.W., and McCabe P.J. Alluvial Architecture in a sequence stratigraphic framework - a case history from the upper Cretaceous of southern Utah, U.S.A. In: Flint S.S., and Bryant I.D. (Eds). The geological modelling of hydrocarbon reservoirs. IAS Special Publication vol. 15 (1993), Blackwell Scientific Publications 21-56
68. Sharif A., MacDonald A., Kjorholt O., and Gilbrandsen S. Integrated reservoir characterisaion and uncertainty analysis using stochastic methods and streamline simulations. SPE 65178 (2000)
69. Skare Ø., Skorstad A., Hauge R., and Holden L. Conditioning a fluvial model on seismic data. In: Baafi E.Y., and Schofield N.A. (Eds). Geostatistics Wollongong '96, Proceedings of the Fifth International Geostatistics Congress, Wollongong, Australia (1996) 465-476
70. Skorstad A., Hauge R., and Holden L. Well conditioning in a fluvial reservoir model. Mathematical Geology 31 7 (1999) 857-872
71. Sperrevik S., Gillespie P.A., Fisher Q.J., Halvorsen T., and Knipe R.J. Empirical estimation of fault rock properties. In: Koestler A.G., and Hunsdale R. (Eds). Hydrocarbon Seal Quantification. NPF Special Publication vol. 11 (2002), Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 109-125
72. Srivastava R.M. An overview of stochastic methods for reservoir characterisation. In: Yarus J., and Chambers R. (Eds). Stochastic Modeling and Geostatistics: Principles, Methods and Case Studies. AAPG Computer Applications in Geology (1994) 3-16
73. Stanley K.O., Jorde K., Raestad N., and Stockbridge C.P. Stochastic modelling of reservoir sand bodies for input to reservoir simulation, Snorre Field, northern North Sea, Norway. In: Buller A.T., et al. (Ed). North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs; II, Proceedings of the North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs Conference (1989), Graham & Trotman 91-101
74. Svanes T., Martinius A.W., Hegre J., Maret J.-P., Mjøs R., and Molina J.C.U. Integration of subsurface applications to develop a dynamic stochastic modelling workflow. AAPG Bulletin 88 10 (2004) 1369-1390
75. Sverdrup E., Helgesen J., and Vold J. Sealing properties of faults and their influence on water-alternating-gas injection efficiency in the Snorre Field, northern North Sea. AAPG Bulletin 87 9 (2003) 1437-1458
76. Theting T.G., Rustad A.B., Lerdahl T., Stensen J.Å., T., B., Øren P.-E., Bakke S., and Ringrose P. Pore-to-field multi-phase upscaling for depressurization. 13th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Budapest (2005)
77. Thore P., Shtuka A., Lecour M., Ait-Ettajer T., and Cognot R. Structural uncertainties; determination, management, and applications. Geophysics 67 3 (2002) 840-852
78. Tyler K., Svanes T., and Omdal S. Faster history matching and uncertainty in predicted production profiles with stochastic modeling. SPE 26420 (1993)
79. Tyler K., Henriquez A., and Svanes T. Modelling heterogeneities in fluvial domains: a review of the influence on production profiles. In: Yarus J.M., and Chambers R.L. (Eds). Stochastic Modeling and Geostatistics: Principles, Methods and Case Studies (1994), AAPG 77-89
80. Weber K.J. How heterogeneity affects oil recovery. In: Lake L.W., and Carroll Jr. H.B. (Eds). Reservoir Characterization (1986), Academic Press, Inc. 487-544
81. Wen R., Martinius A.W., Næss A., and Ringrose P. Three-dimensional simulation of small-scale heterogeneity in tidal deposits. In: Buccianti A., Nardi G., and Potenza R. (Eds). Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference of the International Association of Mathematical Geology (IAMG). Ischia (1998) 129-134
82. Wright V.P., and Marriott S.B. The sequence stratigraphy of fluvial depositional systems: the role of floodplain sediment storage. Sedimentary Geology 86 3-4 (1993) 203-210
83. Yielding G., Freeman B., and Needham D.T. Quantitative fault seal prediction. AAPG Bulletin 81 6 (1997) 897-917
84. Yoon S., Malallah A., Datta-Gupta A., Vasco D., and Behrens R. A multiscale approach to production-data integration using streamline models. SPE 56653 (2001)